Library Functions Research Articles

Influence of copyright exceptions and limitations on access to information in Kenya, Ghana and Uganda libraries

PurposeCopyright exceptions promote access to information by users without breaching copyright. This research paper reviews copyright exceptions in Kenya, Ghana and Uganda and how they influence access to information in libraries. Objectives were to find out the implications of copyright exceptions in Kenya, Ghana and Uganda; advantages and disadvantages of copyright exceptions for libraries; and recommend best practices of copyright exceptions.Design/methodology/approachThis is a desktop research reviewing empirical literature and incorporating authors' experiential knowledge in their information profession. Authors have interrogated copyright exceptions in their home countries' copyright acts, policy documents and peer-reviewed articles on copyright and information access. They analysed the documents as stated to deduce key recommendations regarding ideal copyright exceptions.FindingsThe study established that copyright exceptions do not always improve access as intended because they are inadequate, ignoring key library functions. Major inconsistencies exist in the exceptions in these countries; key terminologies have not been defined; and the concept is not well understood. Librarians lack sufficient knowledge on exceptions, hence lack self-efficacy in educating users. Kenya, Ghana and Uganda should improve and harmonize their copyright acts to cover key library functions.Originality/valueThis study provides in-depth analysis of historical and modern practices of copyright exceptions in the three countries revealing useful comparative insights. Previous studies looked at the issues from individual countries perspective.

Note e riflessioni in margine a Il libro, il popolo, il territorio, da una indagine socio-statistica: memoria storica di biblioteche

Pivoting up the socio-statistical survey carried out in 1975 by the Department of Cultural Activities and the Municipal Library of Faenza, returned by the report Il libro, il popolo e il territorio: biblioteche e servizi culturali a Faenza, introduced in the recent re-edition by the protagonists of the time, the contribution traces and discusses for synthetic lines and problems the transformations that have occurred forty-five years later in the idea, identity, function and role of the Italian public library of the third millennium.

A Statewide Analysis of North Carolina Public Libraries and Their Response to the Opioid Epidemic

ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate the opioid epidemic impact on North Carolina public libraries. Libraries in half of all 100 counties were chosen through a random, geographically systematic process, and structured interviews were completed with library directors. Twenty directors were interviewed, representing 28 counties. All reported their communities were affected; nine reported direct impacts on library function. Fifteen directors felt libraries should be involved in response; some felt Narcan administration was beyond library purview. Two libraries reported having Narcan available; five reported providing staff training. Given librarians’ willingness to respond, it is time to provide necessary support for those efforts.

Structure of the Ukrainian Library Association as an Organizational Projection of Priority Directions of its Functioning

The article deals with the activity of the Ukrainian Library Association on the basis of the dialectical approach and philosophical categories of form and content, the analysis of which allows to explore the features of representation, management, priorities and development of the activities of the Ukrainian Library Association through the prism of its structure. During the research in order to achieve this goal, a dialectical method was used, the application of which led to a consideration of the transformation of the Ukrainian Library Association structure from the standpoint of the development of both the association and its activity, social-communicative and systemic methods, according to which the Ukrainian Library Association was considered as an open system, which develops dynamically and adapts to new realities, structural and functional method, within which the conformity of the directions of the functioning of the organization with its structural components was determined, methods of document analysis, modelling and descriptive. The structure of the Ukrainian Library Association is substantiated as an organizational model of priority directions of its functioning and management of the association’s activities in realization of these directions. It is revealed that the structural and functional specifics of the Ukrainian Library Association are determined by leading experts in the field of book and librarianship, who are experts in different spheres of library activity and have a significant influence on solving topical issues of library affairs, developing separate directions of the association’s development within the work of relevant sections. It has been found that the sections created reflect, on the one hand, the thematic orientation of the association, and on the other, attention to the functioning of libraries of certain types and types. It is emphasized that one of the priority directions of the Association’s activity nowadays is ensuring continuity, which is organizationally reflected in the creation of the Youth Section. It is substantiated that the mechanisms of formation of structural components of the organizational system, openness and transparency of the activity of the association determines the flexibility of its organizational model, which is a guarantee of the adaptability of the activities of the Ukrainian Library Association to the realities of today.

Libraries Participation in the Implementation of the Politics of Memory: Theoretical and Applied Aspects

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the urgency of separation of the memorial direction in library research and development of library activity, connected with realization of the memory policy, the introduction of the appropriate course in the program of training of future specialists of library business.Emphasis is focused on increasing of scientific attention to the study of historical memory, especially culture memory and identity in the context of the transition to the information society, highlighting the organizational design of this research area in the form of appropriate research centres and the Memory Studies Association. Within the framework of the structuralfunctional method and from the standpoint of the connection between the concepts of “collective memory”, “historical memory”, “cultural memory”, there has been stated libraries participation in the formation and preservation different kinds of social memory through the realization of such essential functions of libraries as memorial, cumulative, informational and communicative. The relevance of the intensification of research into the memory studies within the framework of librarianship is substantiated. Prospective directions of interaction between the Ukrainian Library Association and the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory are offered with the aim of comprehensively uncovering commemorative potential of libraries and their more active involvement in the implementation of memory policy.The foreign experience of organizing relevant interdisciplinary programs and training courses for the preparation of master’s students has been revealed. The orientational structure of the course “Culture, memory, identity” for students of master’s level of specialty 029 “Information, library and archives” is offered, the study of which will allow students to analyze, identify, describe the processes of constructing of historical memory and cultural identity, critically to comprehend relevant scientific texts, to identify and critically evaluate approaches to the implementation of memory policies and preservation of spiritual heritage in Ukraine and abroad, to develop effective approaches to memory policy within the library practices.

A Reconfigurable Convolutional Neural Network-Accelerated Coprocessor Based on RISC-V Instruction Set

As a typical artificial intelligence algorithm, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. In order to improve the computing ability of an IoT CPU, this paper designs a reconfigurable CNN-accelerated coprocessor based on the RISC-V instruction set. The interconnection structure of the acceleration chain designed by the predecessors is optimized, and the accelerator is connected to the RISC-V CPU core in the form of a coprocessor. The corresponding instruction of the coprocessor is designed and the instruction compiling environment is established. Through the inline assembly in the C language, the coprocessor instructions are called, coprocessor acceleration library functions are established, and common algorithms in the IoT system are implemented on the coprocessor. Finally, resource consumption evaluation and performance analysis of the coprocessor are completed on a Xilinx FPGA. The evaluation results show that the reconfigurable CNN-accelerated coprocessor only consumes 8534 LUTS, accounting for 47.6% of the total SoC system. The number of instruction cycles required to implement functions such as convolution and pooling based on the designed coprocessor instructions is better than using the standard instruction set, and the acceleration ratio of convolution is 6.27 times that of the standard instruction set.

Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Perpustakaan Sejarah di SMA Adabiah Padang

This study discusses students' perceptions of the history library at Adabiah Padang High School. The purpose of this study was conducted, namely to determine the percentage of students who have a positive impression of the function of library history and the intensity of student perceptions on each item of library function. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The subjects in this study were all students of class X, XI, and XII of Adabiah Padang high school in 2019/2020. The instrument used was a questionnaire distributed to 86 students. In this study, researchers focused more on how to utilize libraries based on library functions, namely the educational function, informative function, recreational function, and research function. From the results of research conducted using the TCR formula that each library function is classified as good, but there is one lowest percentage found in the informative function that is 66%. from the description of students' perceptions of the historical library as a whole is in the good category, where the TCR results are 71%. while the least percentage is in the sufficient category. In general, students' impressions of the history library are good, but there are some activities that have not been carried out because judging from the short break time, the lack of socialization of students in the modern era, and students are more passive than active.

Penguatan Kultur Literasi di Madrasah Berbasis Riset Melalui Optimalisasi Fungsi Perpustakaan di MTs Negeri 1 Kota Batu

Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) is one of the government programs in order to regain reading interest in students. The meaning of literacy today is not merely meaning not being able to read, more than that literacy is related to understanding and sensitivity in relating it to life. Therefore the development of literacy is not only on the aspects of students but also all the components that can support the growth of literacy culture. The purpose of this study was to strengthen the literacy culture that had previously been built but was not optimal. Through mentoring, it is hoped that the culture built can be further strengthened by optimizing the function of the library as a learning resource. This article was written based on field studies in the form of dedication conducted at MTs Negeri 1 Kota Batu using ABCD aproach. The findings from the results of this study are that the optimization of library functions through workshops and capacity building activities for the library division team (komica) enriches their capacity as library ambassadors so that students who are members of the comica team more freely contribute to socializing library functions to colleagues other students in the MTs Negeri 1 Batu neighborhood by utilizing the IT capacity they obtain from workshops and capacity building activities.Keyword. Library Function; Literacy Culture; Research Class.

Math-word embedding in math search and semantic extraction

Word embedding, which represents individual words with semantically fixed-length vectors, has made it possible to successfully apply deep learning to natural language processing tasks such as semantic role-modeling, question answering, and machine translation. As math text consists of natural text, as well as math expressions that similarly exhibit linear correlation and contextual characteristics, word embedding techniques can also be applied to math documents. However, while mathematics is a precise and accurate science, it is usually expressed through imprecise and less accurate descriptions, contributing to the relative dearth of machine learning applications for information retrieval in this domain. Generally, mathematical documents communicate their knowledge with an ambiguous, context-dependent, and non-formal language. Given recent advances in word embedding, it is worthwhile to explore their use and effectiveness in math information retrieval tasks, such as math language processing and semantic knowledge extraction. In this paper, we explore math embedding by testing it on several different scenarios, namely, (1) math-term similarity, (2) analogy, (3) numerical concept-modeling based on the centroid of the keywords that characterize a concept, (4) math search using query expansions, and (5) semantic extraction, i.e., extracting descriptive phrases for math expressions. Due to the lack of benchmarks, our investigations were performed using the arXiv collection of STEM documents and carefully selected illustrations on the Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF: NIST digital library of mathematical functions. Release 1.0.20 of 2018-09-1, 2018). Our results show that math embedding holds much promise for similarity, analogy, and search tasks. However, we also observed the need for more robust math embedding approaches. Moreover, we explore and discuss fundamental issues that we believe thwart the progress in mathematical information retrieval in the direction of machine learning.

A Review of Memory Errors Exploitation in x86-64

Memory errors are still a serious threat affecting millions of devices worldwide. Recently, bounty programs have reached a new record, paying up to USD 2.5 million for one single vulnerability in Android and up to USD 2 million for Apple’s operating system. In almost all cases, it is common to exploit memory errors in one or more stages to fully compromise those devices. In this paper, we review and discuss the importance of memory error vulnerabilities, and more specifically stack buffer overflows to provide a full view of how memory errors are exploited. We identify the root causes that make those attacks possible on modern x86-64 architecture in the presence of modern protection techniques. We have analyzed how unsafe library functions are prone to buffer overflows, revealing that although there are secure versions of those functions, they are not actually preventing buffer overflows from happening. Using secure functions does not result in software free from vulnerabilities and it requires developers to be security-aware. To overcome this problem, we discuss the three main security protection techniques present in all modern operating system; the non-eXecutable bit (NX), the Stack Smashing Protector (SSP) and the Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR). After discussing their effectiveness, we conclude that although they provide a strong level of protection against classical exploitation techniques, modern attacks can bypass them.

Bibliotekarze bibliotek uniwersyteckich, dworskich i miejskich na ziemiach niemieckich w latach 1789–1871 wobec gromadzenia i przechowywania zbiorów

<p>Wiek XIX przyniósł liczne zmiany w życiu politycznym, społecznym i ekonomicznym, które odcisnęły piętno również na bibliotekach. Widać to zwłaszcza na przykładzie bibliotek od dawna działających, służących zarówno nauce, jak i tak zwanej szerokiej publiczności. Na przykładzie niemieckich bibliotek dworskich, uniwersyteckich i miejskich z lat 1789–1871 pragniemy pokazać, jak zmiany te wpłynęły na realizację podstawowych wówczas funkcji bibliotecznych, tj. gromadzenia i przechowywania zbiorów. Do typowych problemów w zakresie gromadzenia zbiorów należały: niski poziom zakupu nowości wydawniczych, nieregularny dopływ egzemplarza obowiązkowego, spory dopływ darów pochodzących z rozwiązanych bibliotek klasztornych, także uniwersyteckich, wzrost znaczenia wymiany jako formy pozyskiwania zbiorów oraz stosunkowo niski budżet na zakup. W zakresie przechowywania zbiorów działalność bibliotek niemieckich ograniczały w dużym stopniu przestarzałe gmachy o niewielkich, niewystarczających powierzchniach magazynowych. Próbowano temu zaradzić, modyfikując systemy ustawienia zbiorów, czasami remontując budynki bibliotek. Istotnym problemem były też piętrzące się stosy czasopism, które trzeba było oprawić, aby uchronić je przez zniszczeniem. Bibliotekarze stawiali czoła tym problemom, często w nierównej walce z ograniczeniami natury politycznej bądź ekonomicznej, nierzadko płynącymi z utrwalonych przyzwyczajeń.</p>

The role of the Scientific Library of the State University of Management in organizing the University’s information educational space

The availability of an informational and educational space is considered as a necessary requirement to the functioning of a modern university. The importance of the university’s library in creating such informational and educational space is described. The qualitative shift in libraries activities is emphasized by a library’s ability to communicate with other objects in an informational and educational space of a university. The integrative function of the university library, which provides the informational and educational space organizational process, is pointed out to be understudied. The objects of the informational and educational space in the State University of Management are defined. The brief information about the features of the university library collection is given. The activities of the scientific library of the State University of Management in organizing the informational and educational space of the university and providing it with informational and educational materials are characterized. The specificity of the library work is illustrated by different examples, such as interaction with e-library systems, the development of scientific and educational activities by using both traditional and e-learning resources, the creating of various bibliographic reference services, web indexing of publications of the professors and other university workers in scientometrical systems. The integrity of the scientific library of the State University of Management into different stages of creating educational resources in the informational and educational space of the university. It is emphasized that the implementation of the library integrative function contributes to the development of the unified informational and educational space of the university. The article can be relevant to university libraries specialists and the researchers of this type of libraries.

Exploring consumers’ intent to use smart libraries with technology acceptance model

PurposeScientific advances and the emergence of a wide range of broadband services have resulted in the internet developing as a critical component of most peoples’ daily lives. The rapid development of the global economy and improvements to the information network speed and reliability have driven a radical evolution of the concept of “library.” Modern information technologies have not only drastically altered the functionality and accessibility of libraries, but it is no longer a matter of the library community to use scientific and technological innovation ideas and techniques to promote its business. The sample of this study was distributed to the consumers of the Guangdong Intelligent Library for the questionnaire.Design/methodology/approachA total of 520 questionnaires were distributed, returning 375 validresponses for an effective recovery rate of 72%.FindingsPerceptual ease of use has a positive and direct impact on perceptual usefulness. Perceptual ease of use has a positive and direct impact on attitude. Perceptual usefulness has a positive and direct impact on attitude. Perceptual usefulness has a positive direct impact on behavioral intentions. Attitude has a positive and direct impact on behavioral intentions. Subjective norms have a positive and direct impact on behavioral intentions. Perceptual behavioral control has a positive and direct impact on behavioral intentions. Perceptual behavioral control has a positive and direct impact on behavior. Behavioral intentions have a positive and direct impact on behavior.Originality/valueBased on the survey results and analysis, recommendations are made to help smart libraries integrate artificial intelligence methods to provide highly attractive service offerings in an extremely competitive environment.

Privacy Risk Analysis and Mitigation of Analytics Libraries in the Android Ecosystem

While much effort has been made to detect and measure the privacy leakage caused by the advertising (ad) libraries integrated in mobile applications, analytics libraries, which are also widely used in mobile apps have not been systematically studied for their privacy risks. Different from ad libraries, the main function of analytics libraries is to collect users’ in-app actions. Hence, by design analytics libraries are more likely to leak users’ private information. In this work, we study what information is collected by the analytics libraries integrated in popular Android apps. We design and implement a framework called “Alde”. Given an app, Alde employs both static analysis and dynamic analysis to detect the users’ in-app actions collected by analytics libraries. We also study what private information can be leaked by the apps that use the same analytics library. Moreover, we analyze apps’ privacy policies to see whether app developers have notified the users that their in-app action data is collected by analytics libraries. Finally, we select eight widely used analytics libraries to study and apply our method to 300 popular apps downloaded from both Chinese app markets and Google play. Our experimental results show that some apps indeed leak users’ personal information through analytics libraries even though their genuine purposes of using analytics services are legal. To mitigate such threats, we have developed an app named “ALManager” that leverages the Xposed framework to manage analytics libraries in other apps.

Investigation on Sensorless Estimating Method and Characteristics of Friction for Ball Screw System

In this study, a novel sensorless method is developed to estimate the friction in a ball screw system using asynchronous experimental data for a worktable position (WP) and the servo motor torque current (SMTC), which is collected by the FOCAS library functions from a FANUC digital control system. The corresponding time stamps are retrieved by a high-resolution performance counter in Windows. The fluctuations in friction over the whole travel distance of the worktable (WTDOW) are analyzed using a piecewise polynomial fitting algorithm to extract the instantaneous average friction value (IAFV) and the friction fluctuating signal (FFS). The IAFVs can describe the effect of the WP and the pitch errors of the shaft on the friction. The FFT results of the FFS show that the friction depends on the rolling tool, the pitch of the shaft and the refeeding of the balls in the ball screw and linear ball rail guides. The experimental results show that the estimated friction can capture the characteristic spectra of the FFS. The effects of the feed velocity and direction, the effects of the WP on the IAFV, and the frequencies and amplitudes of the significant FFT components are discussed. The nonuniform pitch errors of the shaft impact the repeatability of the IAFVs at a given WP. The variations in the mean value of the IAFVs with the feed velocity for tests at a fixed WP show nonconventional Stribeck behavior. These results also demonstrate that the friction force varies with the WP, which is not captured by Stribeck characteristics. This study provides an effective method to evaluate the performance of a ball screw system and to predict the friction in that system without the use of sensors.

Rapid prototyping and numerical identification of feed drive system using hardware-in-loop realization

Nowadays, the virtual manufacturing is proved to be the promising technology to design a completely digital feed drive system. Especially, the initial parameters tuning, tests, error prediction and diagnostics at the actual location of the feed drive system are at a risk of stressing and even damaging the machine tool. This paper presents an analytical identification method of feed drive system based on HILS (Hardware-In-Loop System), allowing a real CNC to be prototyped quickly from standard library functions for feed drive control laws. The main purpose of drive identification outside the CNC is that it may not be performed when the drive is installed in the CNC and user has no access to the internal control structure. So, it is proposed to identify it outside CNC in the proposed HILS on the basis of a comparison of the real object and its nominal dynamic model. The rapid prototyping model can be easily executed for initial parameters tuning, testing and the risk of stressing and damaging the machine tool during the diagnosis can be avoided effectively as well. The methodology is quite general and applicable to linear or ball screw drives, controlled with commonly used controllers. Furthermore, additional CNC modules can easily be prototyped and integrated to this prototype for other research purposes. Experiments were carried out to compare HILS prototyping to the actual CNC systems. The result demonstrates that the real-time feed drive system can be accurately represented by the identified prototype model.

Henryk Kołodziejski – director of the Sejm library (1919-1939)

Henryk Kołodziejski (1884-1953), creator and long-term director of the Sejm library in the interwar period, was known for his socialist passion and involvement in the cooperative movement. He also played a quite significant but implicit role on the political scene, participating in informal negotiations or other meetings on matters of the highest state rank. In the article, I try to show how his person influenced the functioning of the parliamentary library and its position in the structure of the Sejm Bureau. I also ask whether there was a connection between the strong position of the library and the lack of a legal office in the pre-war Polish Sejm. I show the change in the action strategy of H. Kołodziejski after the war. I present his activity on the basis of parliamentary documentation.
 
 

Study A Public Key in RSA Algorithm

To transmit sensitive information over the unsafe communication network like the internet network, the security is precarious tasks to protect this information. Always, we have much doubt that there are more chances to uncover the information that is being sent through network terminals or the internet by professional/amateur parasitical persons. To protect our information we may need a secure way to safeguard our transferred information. So, encryption/decryption, stenographic and vital cryptography may be adapted to care for the required important information. In system cryptography, the information transferred between both sides sender/receiver in the network must be scrambled using the encryption algorithm. The second side (receiver) should be outlook the original data using the decryption algorithms. Some encryption techniques applied the only one key in the cooperation of encryption and decryption algorithms. When the similar key used in both proceeds is called symmetric algorithm. Other techniques may use two different keys in encryption/decryption in transferring information which is known as the asymmetric key. In general, the algorithms that implicated asymmetric keys are much more secure than others using one key. RSA algorithm used asymmetric keys; one of them for encryption the message, and is known as a public key and another used to decrypt the encrypted message and is called a private key. The main disadvantage of the RSA algorithm is that extra time is taken to perform the encryption process. In this study, the MATLAB library functions are implemented to achieve the work. The software helps us to hold very big prime numbers to generate the required keys which enhanced the security of transmitted information and we expected to be difficult for a hacker to interfere with the private information. The algorithms are implemented successfully on different sizes of messages files.

Study A Public Key in RSA Algorithm

To transmit sensitive information over the unsafe communication network like the internet network, the security is precarious tasks to protect this information. Always, we have much doubt that there are more chances to uncover the information that is being sent through network terminals or the internet by professional/amateur parasitical persons. To protect our information we may need a secure way to safeguard our transferred information. So, encryption/decryption, stenographic and vital cryptography may be adapted to care for the required important information. In system cryptography, the information transferred between both sides sender/receiver in the network must be scrambled using the encryption algorithm. The second side (receiver) should be outlook the original data using the decryption algorithms. Some encryption techniques applied the only one key in the cooperation of encryption and decryption algorithms. When the similar key used in both proceeds is called symmetric algorithm. Other techniques may use two different keys in encryption/decryption in transferring information which is known as the asymmetric key. In general, the algorithms that implicated asymmetric keys are much more secure than others using one key. RSA algorithm used asymmetric keys; one of them for encryption the message, and is known as a public key and another used to decrypt the encrypted message and is called a private key. The main disadvantage of the RSA algorithm is that extra time is taken to perform the encryption process. In this study, the MATLAB library functions are implemented to achieve the work. The software helps us to hold very big prime numbers to generate the required keys which enhanced the security of transmitted information and we expected to be difficult for a hacker to interfere with the private information. The algorithms are implemented successfully on different sizes of messages files.

Agent-based geographical modeling of public library locations

Public libraries play a vital role in providing information, education, and cultural activities to local populations. Digitization and the Internet have changed the traditional functions of public libraries and caused them to become more community-centered and offer more diverse services. Agent-based geographical modeling is a method for simulating complex urban environments using heuristic and approximated algorithms. The agent model for public libraries developed for this study demonstrates the possibilities for analyzing accessibility, exploring demographic data of potential users, finding underserved areas, and searching for the best locations or relocation sites for libraries. This model has been implemented and tested using the entire public library network of Slovenia. Results suggest that agent-based geographical modeling is a promising method for research in the field of library and information science.