Functioning Of Higher Education Institutions Research Articles

SUCH FORMS AND METHODS OF MOTIVATION OF PRACTITIONERS IN THE SPHERE OF YOUR EDUCATION

It is important to create a modern management system capable of responding to dynamic changes in the outside world. This system should include taking into account the internal resources and needs of the institution. It is also important to develop educational and scientific processes in which employees can actively participate. This is vital, as the effectiveness of the functions of higher education institutions depends on it. The competitiveness of the higher educational institution of the company providing educational services is ensured by qualified innovative employees of the institution. This is due to the fact that most of the managerial responsibilities of higher education institutions involve the appointment of employees who meet the established requirements for their positions; assessment of their efficiency as employees; motivation and remuneration of employees. The motivation of employees to improve the quality of the work of teachers and scientists is one of the key components of the development of a higher educational institution. The purposeof the study is to study the functional features of management of the motivation of employees of higher education institutions. The results.The specificity of the activities of scientific and pedagogical workers is characterized by a creative, research, innovative nature, which has an educational and communicative focus. Therefore, taking into account the creative motives of behavior is important for the effective management of a higher educational institution. The innovative focus of work involves the use of the latest information technology tools, communication channels and educational platforms. Management of motivation for the development of professional competence of scientific and pedagogical workers is based on adherence to a person-oriented approach. The factor of remuneration as one of the material means of motivation is effective if it performs not only a reproductive, but also a stimulating function. Therefore, in order to encourage highly qualified employees to work for many years in an educational institution, it is necessary to provide them with a competitive salary. Material rewards for high achievements in work should exceed the amount of compensation for the costs of educational and scientific activities in order to stimulate employees to further realize their own scientific and teaching potential. An important component of the motivational system is the style of management, according to which the interests of employees are prioritized for the needs of the higher educational institution, therefore management is aimed at harmonizing personal and organizational interests. Having satisfied the need for optimal working conditions, the employee seeks to satisfy higher needs, in particular, the need for recognition. Therefore, the determining aspect of motivation management in a higher educational institution should be the proportional dependence of the motivational reward (material or non-material) on the efforts made by the employee to achieve performance results. In the modern management of a higher education institution, it is important to use motivation as one of the effective ways to ensure personnel potential. By carrying out systematic measures of internal and external management motivation, the higher educational institution not only attracts highly qualified employees, but also ensures their interest in effective work in the institution. Effective management of labor motivation requires a complex, flexible and open system of labor motivation management. This is due to the fact that a flexible and open system is needed to harmonize and optimize the needs of both the teaching and research staff and the higher education institution. It is also necessary to achieve mutually beneficial development goals. Effective management of motivation is based on the creation of a wide range of intangible and tangible motivational tools. This helps higher education institutions to compete with other educational services in domestic and international markets. The creation of a flexible and complex system requires the creation of additional types of activities.

СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РОЗВИТКУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗБАЛАНСУВАННЯ ПОПИТУ ТА ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article carries out a strategic analysis of the development of higher education in Ukraine in the context of balancing supply and demand in the labor market using the SWOT analysis method. The following strengths in the functioning of higher education institutions of Ukraine were identified: updating of higher education standards and national qualifications frameworks; changing approaches to learning; practice of dual form of education; introduction of new rules for assigning professional qualifications; improvement of higher education quality assessmentsystems; implementation of corporate strategic management practices in the Higher Education Institutions and approval of development strategies. At the same time, a number ofweaknesses,which are exacerbated by the challenges of the external environment, make it impossible to solve the problem of providing the labor market of Ukraine with specialists with the necessary professional qualifications. Despite European integration, which contributed to the strengthening ofstrengths, problems of providing the market with the necessary specialists can be traced in the practice of higher education institutions (lack of opportunities to finance innovative and research activities, duplication of training areas, excessive load on scientific and pedagogical staff, insufficient consideration of the interests and opinions of interested parties, weak feedback and its formality, etc.). Keywords: system of higher education, imbalance of supply and demand, educational and qualification disparities, needs of the labor market

ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД

This article analyzes the experience of Ukrainian higher education institutions in measuring the quality of educational activities in the context of quality assurance. Based on the study, it is established that in developing regulatory provisions for quality assurance, higher education institutions are guided by regulations of Ukraine (Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", "On Education") and other documents (Standards and recommendations for quality assurance in European Higher Education Area, ESG 2015, European Association for the Quality Assurance of Higher Education (ENQA), European University Association (EUA), European Association for Higher Education (EURASHE), international rankings indicators). Criteria for accreditation, framework procedures and rating assessment criteria are used to measure the quality of educational activities in Ukrainian higher education institutions. It is determined that the use of ranking is not a popular component of the group of criteria for assessing the quality of higher education, although this indicator provides an opportunity to classify according to various criteria and is more indicative for determining the competitiveness of higher education. After all, the prospects of using rankings as a criterion for measuring the quality of educational activities is the possibility of ranking higher education institutions by competitive quality, analysis of the functioning of higher education institutions, which provides opportunities to improve the quality of educational services.

Організаційно-економічні аспекти реалізації проєкту державно-приватного партнерства в галузі освіти

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the framework of the scientific discussion on the need and expediency of implementing public-private partnership projects in the field of education. The main purpose of the carried out research is to distinguish and analyze the prerequisites along with organizational and economic foundations for the formation of experimental projects of public-private partnership in the educational sphere. The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that the creation and functioning of higher education institutions on the basis of public-private partnership is a good future alternative to budget-based financing. The relevance of solving this scientific problem lies in the matter that the introduction and implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of education justifies the key role of higher education institutions in the development of an innovative economy, since their services are socially important and affect the formation and development of society. The article lists the problems in higher education institutions that will have a positive solution in the implementation of public-private partnership projects; the benefits that the State and the educational institution will receive from the implementation of public-private partnership projects have been singled out and characterized; attention is focused on the instrumentarium and mechanisms for its implementation. The methodological instrumentarium of the carried out research include: methods of scientific abstraction – in the formation of organizational and economic foundations for the implementation of the public-private partnership project in the field of education; method of economic experiment – in determining the mechanisms, instruments and indicators of the implementation of public-private partnership; historical and logical methods – in determining the main problems of the development of the education sector in Ukraine. The object of the research is an experimental form of implementation of the public-private partnership project in the field of education. The results of the research can be useful in solving the problems of financing the education sector in Ukraine.

Experience in the implementation of the electronic information and educational environment in the practice of a scientific and pedagogical worker of a university

Currently, educational institutions are actively transitioning educational activities to the use of an electronic information and educational environment through the introduction of a wide range of information and telecommunication technologies in the field of higher education. This leads to global changes in the conditions for the functioning of higher educational institutions, which makes it necessary to revise traditional approaches to the organization of the educational process. The basis of this process is not only a change in the educational process, but also the improvement of the management of this process and the university as a whole through the creation of an electronic information and educational environment. The problem of the research is to reveal the experience of implementing the electronic information and educational environment in the practice of a scientific and pedagogical worker of a university. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of using the electronic information and educational environment of a university in the educational process. The research methods are analysis, survey, generalization, description, forecasting. The research results are the concept of "electronic information and educational environment" has been disclosed; the basic resources of the electronic information and educational environment of higher educational institutions have been described; the experience of using the Moodle platform in the educational process in the direction of preparation 44.03.02 Psychological and pedagogical education, focus: "Psychology and Pedagogy of Primary Education" has been presented; the results of an online survey of students on the advisability of using an electronic information and educational environment in the educational process have been shown. Key conclusions: the electronic information and educational environment of the university is a set of electronic resources that ensure the synchronous interaction of all participants in the educational process of the educational institution; the basic resources of the electronic information and educational environment of higher educational institutions are the official website of the educational organization, online learning platforms, automated testing systems, portals / teams of deans, departments, curators, teachers, students, etc.; An online survey of students has revealed the interest of students in the use of electronic resources in the educational process.

COVID'S EFFECTS ON HIGHER EDUCATION:FROM CHALLENGES TO OPPORTUNITIES

This research embraces medical and social issues that lead to changes particularly in the activities of higher education systems, focusing first of all, on the functioning of higher education institutions in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the “quarantine” period. This research is designed to attract the attention of decision-makers and society in general to the importance of a focus on mental health in the higher-education system and to highlight these issues as a part of educational policy in the process of adapting to new living conditions during and after the quarantine period. As educators in different universities, we have noticed many shifts in energy and mood in ourselves and our students during the tsunami of changes brought on by COVID-19. As the way we deliver education pivots and pivots again, rather than just weather these changes, this research seeks to identify just what those changes are, how they are being addressed and the impact of them. The article analyses the reasons that brought the world community to actively study the social, psychological and mental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and staff of higher-education institution in general. Special attention in the article is given to the peculiarities of maintaining and saving the psychological health of students in conditions of chronic fatigue, overwork and ongoing stress. Based on the existing strategic` analysis and through the prism of the COVID-19 determinants, the main directions for changes in higher education institutions are proposed so as to preserve the mental health of people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the period of quarantine, and following.

Education premium and the compound impact of universities on their regional economy

Although the positive impact of higher education on regional economies is widely recognized, empirical assessment of the magnitude of its periodic financial impact remains a puzzle. Conventional impact studies have focused on the regional effects of periodic university spending, neglecting the core functions of higher education institutions. To overcome these shortcomings, we develop the concept of a differential regional education premium and implement it in an extended regional multiplier model. The new model integrates university expenditures and education into a compound effect on regional gross value added. Empirically, we find that the education premium increases the traditional effects of state universities in Baden-Württemberg by 68 percent. Generally, the model can be applied to other regions internationally by adapting to regional factors, such as graduate retention, tuition fees, wage levels and occupational qualifications in regional labor markets.

Influence of the coronavirus pandemic on the financial mechanisms of Kazakhstani universities

This article examines the process of transition of the higher education system to distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the uniform transition to distance learning, higher education institutions differ in the strategy of its organization. As a result, an analysis was made of the country's higher educational institutions and the measures they have taken to transfer teachers and students to online education. The analysis highlighted a number of challenges faced by higher education institutions during the transition to a new format of distance learning, including the lack of infrastructure and material and technical base, difficulties in adapting training materials to the new format, lack of staff qualifications and experience of remote work. Taking into account the above problems, the pandemic showed the need for additional budgetary funds for the development of a digital educational environment, professional development of the teaching staff, as well as for the creation of jobs at universities for students who lost their jobs during the crisis, which allowed them to pay for tuition and related costs. Thus, given all the abovementioned difficulties in the transition to distance learning, for the full functioning of higher education institutions and to prevent a potential increase in unemployment, an increase in costs is necessary. This article also discusses proposals on the need to make appropriate changes in management and financial models in the field of education.

ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AND RISK-MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY: DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM


 The article aims to justify the measures for organizing the formation and provision of information from the accounting system for the risk management process in order to ensure the stability and sustainability of the development of higher education institutions. The goal has been realized on the basis of the application of the methods of observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization and economic-statistical method. The made analysis allowed to determine the risks of non-fulfilment of information needs regarding the functioning of higher education institutions for each study group (applicants, students, participants, parents of students/applicants, administration, employers, customers of research projects, teachers, government, society, governing bodies), which made it possible to offer an organizational approach to the information support of risk management of educational activities. This approach covers corrective management actions (in terms of accounting functions) on each of the defined processes of the risk management system (admission process for higher education, planning the educational process, organizing the educational process, staffing educational activities), executives, responsible entities and output data. Taking into account the provisions of regulatory documents, scientists' developments and practical experience in risk management has allowed to determine the stages of risk management in educational activities of a higher education institution (risk analysis, risk assessment, direct risk management, risk monitoring, risk management reporting) indicating the role of accounting personnel in each of them. It has been substantiated that the main advantages of the proposed approach to information management of risk management of educational activities of higher educational institutions are the simplicity of use (provided with properly devised documentation), the complexity of the approach (coverage of all quality management system processes), responsiveness to identified risks; accounting structure of higher education institutions. It is proved that the proposals will contribute to the improvement of the accounting display of actions to minimize the risks of educational activities of higher educational institutions, thereby ensuring the strengthening of their competitiveness on the market of educational services.

FUNCTIONING OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF ROMANIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF AUTONOMIZATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the higher education system of Romania. Peculiarities of functioning of higher education institutions of different forms of ownership in the conditions of autonomy are determined. The Romanian practical experience of supporting students educational and professional orientation and promoting their professional inclusion in the labour market is noteworthy. The activities of advisory departments in each institution of higher education regarding students choice of a professional route should be borrowed from Ukraine.

Issues of Concern and Development Directions of Higher Education Institutions of the Tyumen Oblast’ in Present- Day Context

The article focuses on the problems, priorities and directions of strategic development of higher education institutions in the Tyumen region in today’s conditions. The article substantiates the need to develop and implement flexible strategies for the development of higher education institutions. The authors give a brief retrospective review of publications on the problems and the formation of the management of educational systems. Based on the analysis of the expert survey data, they also identify the problems concerning the organization and functioning of higher education institutions in the Tyumen region and the key directions of their development. The comparison between the data of the expert survey and the analysis of the problems of higher education, reflected in the publications of leading contemporary sociologists confirms the relevance of the research. It also allows us to conclude that there are systemic problems that have been seeking solutions for many years and new factors that threaten the stability of the functioning and development of regional universities. Finally, the authors indicate aspects that contribute to the development of higher education in the region: the need to expand practice-oriented training, create an active and interactive educational environment for students, the interdisciplinarity of university training and retraining of specialists, the use of distance learning opportunities, including the attraction of the teaching staff of the necessary qualifications on a permanent, temporary or experimental basis. The question of the impact of distance learning on the quality of higher education remains debatable and requires further study.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ З ОСВІТНІМ ПРОСТОРОМ ЄС В УМОВАХ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЗНАНЬ

The article deals with the study of the problem of determining the integration of higher education in Ukraine with the institutions of the environment in order to harmonize it with the EU educational space to increase the competitiveness of national education and provide a reliable basis for knowledge economy in Ukraine. The research develops a thesis on the understanding of a modern higher education institution as a center for the acquisition and development of professional knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies, as well as a bearer of national traditions. The necessity of development of domestic education on the basis of results of the comparative analysis of positions in the world rating of Ukraine with Poland on the basis of values of indices of level of education, globalization, competitiveness and knowledge economy is substantiated. The development of globalization of higher education in Ukraine is a strategic task and a need for appropriate scientific, practical and conceptual foundations. Based on the results of the study, emphasis is placed on the strategic role and functions of higher education institutions in the processes of globalization of the educational space. In order to identify ways to gain best practices in providing educational services and improve the quality of knowledge and professional skills of graduates, the prerequisites for the need to integrate the education sector of Ukraine with the European space are analyzed. The state of implementation of strategies of integration of domestic institutions of higher education with institutions of external environment in the directions of their integration is investigated: with institutions of academic science; with foreign partners; with corporate sector entities. A retrospective analysis of the preconditions for the integration of Ukraine's education with the European educational space was conducted and a number of problems that need to be addressed were noted. The obtained results allowed to form the author's vision of the role of education in the formation of the knowledge economy in Ukraine and to determine the directions of its improvement by harmonization with the educational space of the EU.

ПРОЦЕСС АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Exporting education is one of the key areas of global higher education that has been hit hardest by the pandemic. This article focuses on the international academic mobility of students, which is one of the strategic sources of funding for universities in many countries of the world, which has significantly decreased since the beginning of 2020. According to the forecasts of experts, the higher education sector expects further significant changes in the number of foreign students, the demand for international education in different countries, as well as changes in the formats of education of foreign students. The study shows how student mobility has changed in Russia and in the world, and what are the expectations, challenges and forecasts for the export of education in the near future. The purpose of the study is to consider the concept of academic mobility, to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the process of academic mobility in Russian universities. The article uses the methods of theoretical analysis of sources, analysis of statistical data, the results of observations of the organization of international academic mobility. In this article, the process of academic mobility is considered as a general term referring to both groups of participants — students and teachers of higher education institutions. We live in an era of globalization, in which the internationalization of higher education refers to an overarching process of institutional transformation aimed at integrating the international and intercultural dimension into the mission and one of the core functions of higher education institutions. The process of globalization blurs the borders between countries, bringing together the education and science systems of different countries. Academic mobility of students and teachers is defined as crossing national borders for the purpose of studying or teaching in higher education or participating in research abroad. Through the development of the process of academic mobility of students and teachers, cooperation between universities will be strengthened, which is a prerequisite for achieving the internationalization of education.

Investment for research at the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit

Research is one of the substantive functions of Higher Education Institutions. For the promotion, development and strengthening of research, it is necessary the participation of academics, the promotion strategies on the part of the institutions and the investment of the state and federal governments. At the Autonomous University of Nayarit there is a great advance in indicators according to international rankings. From this arises, the need to inquire about the actions that are carried out to achieve it. In this work, the objective is to make known which are the strategies implemented by the institution and analyze the total investment in the last five years. For which a comparison is made of the two main sources of financing: Extraordinary Funds and Patronage Resources. It concludes in a reflection on the institutional strategies applied by the Autonomous University of Nayarit, the behavior of the resources provided by both sources of financing mentioned, and the institutional and federal policies.

RELATÓRIO DA EQUIPE DE ASSESSORIA DO PLANEJAMENTO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR (EAPES) – ACORDO MEC-USAID

O documento Relatório da Equipe de Assessoria do Planejamento do Ensino Superior (EAPES) – Acordo MEC-USAID, que ora incorporamos ao Dossiê 55 anos de Pós-Graduação no Brasil, apresentado oficialmente em 29 de agosto de 1968 e publicado em 1969, teve seu conteúdo e suas concepções mantidas pelo Grupo de Reforma Universitária, criado por Decreto n° 62.937, de 2 de julho de 1968, pela relação estreita mantida entre aquela Equipe e o Grupo. Nas suas quase setecentas páginas o Relatório não é apenas uma informação circunstanciada do trabalho desenvolvido pela EAPES. Nele é possível capturar as contradições pelas quais operam o desenvolvimento capitalista e a produção do conhecimento novo e inovador, bem como as disputas internas à Equipe e as concepções de organização e funcionamento das instituições de ensino superior, atualmente constituídas como um sistema articulado e hierarquizado de ofertas formativas de curta, média e longa duração.

АНАЛІЗ ЗМІСТУ ПІДГОТОВКИ БАКАЛАВРІВ З КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ В СУЧАСНОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article analyzes the content of training bachelors in cybersecurity in the modern context of the functioning of higher education institutions. It is noted that the provision of cybersecurity is relevant for many areas of activity, in particular, the fields of science, technology and technology, covering issues related to the protection of cyberspace of the country, individual objects of its infrastructure, characterized these objects. The educational program, which provides for mandatory professional training in order to obtain a bachelor's degree in cybersecurity, is analyzed. Involvement of teachers and professionals working in the system of vocational education and production in the field of information security, as well as business representatives, in order to transfer best practices to future professionals, highlighting the latest advances in science and technology, the rules of successful business. It is noted that in order to develop and update the list of elective subjects at the beginning of the second semester of each academic year, working groups are created at the faculties under the chairmanship of deans. The composition of the working groups is approved by order of the rector. The working groups analyze the quality of educational and methodological and informational support of the submitted disciplines and form their recommendations on quantitative changes in the existing list of disciplines. Based on the analysis of the above information, the working groups form a list of selected disciplines in due time and submit it to the information department for the formation of an updated general academic catalog, which is approved by the Academic Council of the University. The duly approved catalog of selected disciplines recommended for study in the next academic year is posted for acquaintance of higher education students on the official website of the university. It is proved that the program learning outcomes include basic knowledge of basic sciences, to the extent necessary for the development of general professional disciplines, knowledge of the state and one of the foreign languages in order to ensure the effectiveness of professional communication. Knowledge of the functioning of information technology systems and networks and their components of the legislative and regulatory framework, as well as the requirements of relevant, including international, standards and practices for professional activities are important.

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ

With the development of globalization processes, approaches to the management of higher education institutions are changing, so the management of each of the higher education institutions is trying to conduct more effective management activities, based on the application of an innovative approach to management. Given that, the purpose of the article is to reveal the conceptual basis for the application of innovations in the context of ensuring the management of higher education institutions. The material basis of the scientific article is the study of the peculiarities of the application of innovations in the context of ensuring the management of higher education institutions and the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education". The following scientific methods are used in the scientific article: method of description, method of analysis and method of systematization for consideration of theoretical and methodical bases of management of higher education institutions from the standpoint of application of innovations; method of observation, method of comparison and method of induction to present the practical principles of management of higher education institutions from the standpoint of innovation.It is established that the management of higher education institutions from the standpoint of innovation is a management activity of heads of higher education institutions to ensure the development and effective functioning of higher education institutions, improve the quality of educational services and improve the educational process. It is proved that the application of innovation in the management of higher education institutions requires a thorough study of the innovative potential of these institutions and only then can make management decisions with the prospect of achieving management goals. It is determined that the application of innovations in the management of higher education institutions: provides strategic management of higher education institutions at the appropriate level; improves the quality of educational services; promotes research and development work; increases the level of innovation potential of higher education institutions; provides technologicalization and automation of the educational process. It was found that the management of higher education institutions, as a managerial activity, from the standpoint of the application of innovations, depends on the impact of the level of performance of higher education institutions; the level of professional activity of the staff of higher education institutions; the level of qualification of the staff of higher education institutions; the level of student success in the process of their educational activities; the level of provision of higher education institutions with resources; the level of innovation potential of higher education institutions; level of automation and technologicalization of the educational process.

COVimpact: pandemia COVID-19 nos estudantes do ensino superior da saúde

Enquadramento: no contexto de emergência de saúde pública internacional por SARS-CoV-2, a suspensão das atividades letivas presenciais criou uma disrupção ao regular funcionamento das instituições de ensino superior com impacte na comunidade académica. Objetivo: avaliar o impacte da pandemia COVID-19 no percurso académico e de vida dos estudantes e sua satisfação com as medidas adotadas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório. Recolha de dados por questionário online, com questões centradas nas condições para o ensino à distância, nas vivências dos estudantes e no impacte e satisfação com o Plano de Contingência. A amostra não probabilística e de conveniência. Análise estatística dos dados de acordo com a natureza das variáveis. Resultados: participaram 264 estudantes com idade média de 28,2±10,2 anos. No geral, referem muito boas condições em casa para concretização do ensino à distância (X=4,4±0,67,2−5). A maioria (79,2%, n=209) refere ter participado nas atividades não presenciais após a ativação do Plano de Contingência. Da análise do impacte verificam-se níveis de adequação muito elevados das plataformas educativas. Constata-se também, uma elevada satisfação com a informação fornecida. Conclusão: as medidas adotadas foram adequadas tendo contribuído para reduzir o impacte do COVID-19 no processo de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação dos estudantes.

ПИСЬМА «ВО ВЛАСТЬ» КАК ИСТОЧНИК ПО ИСТОРИИ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ ЖИЗНИ В ГОДЫ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article is devoted to student letters "to the authorities" in 1918 – early 1920s, taken as a source for studying the student corporation during the Civil War. The research is limited to the Cossack regions of the Russian South – Don and Kuban, centers of the armed struggle against the Bolsheviks. Higher education institutions were founded there shortly before the revolution. As a result of a powerful intellectual migration from Petrograd and Moscow, new universities were founded in 1918–1919. Student letters used in the study were obtained from the archival funds of higher educational institutions, government and administrative bodies of the State Archive of Krasnodar region, the State Archive of Rostov region, and the Professional Education Department Main Collection of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. Recipients’ and addressee’ statuses, time, subject, and motivation for writing are taken as parameters and considered in the analysis of letters. Attention is given to notes, official inscriptions on the documents, as well as accompanying letters, official answers, autobiographies, questionnaires, etc. The content of letters is examined within the context of the higher education space formation, along with migration processes of the revolutionary years, and the situation of civil confrontation in the South of Russia. Later, the authors of some letters became known in various fields; the discovered texts help recreate the milestones of their early biographies, especially since many tried to conceal the fact of their life and schooling on non-Soviet territories. The research reveals specific themes and plots of student letters "to the authorities", their value as an authentic source of information. These themes are admission / transfer to another institution, student mobilization, ways of solving material problems, and the activities of student organizations. The author notes how the contradictions within the anti-Bolshevik camp (clearly pronounced on the Don and Kuban) influenced the content of the texts. This is especially true for collective messages "to the authorities" that defended the interests of particular groups or students as a whole. It is shown that the interpretation of certain events and processes was determined both by the real needs of the authors of the letters and by the current political situation. In general, letters "to authorities" are an important source for reconstructing students’ daily life and the vital functions of higher education institutions in extreme conditions.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY AS A KEY PREREQUISITE FOR THE ACTUALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP

In the context of globalization, the issue of achieving high competitive positions and the factors that determine them is relevant. In this regard, the article explores the key prerequisites for the intellectualization of the economy, identifies the features and characteristics of the global space, one of the key factors of which is internationalization. The main subjects of intellectual leadership are identified, relationships and interdependencies are characterized. The tendencies of intellectualization and forms of their manifestation in the modern world are determined. In general, globalization effects are manifested in two planes: the characteristics of the international space and the transformational processes of interaction between the subjects of economic relations. In both planes, unidirectional processes continue - the formation of a single market, which can be expressed at the regional level as intellectual hubs. The globalization of intellectual activity is manifested through a change in the basic functions of higher education institutions and the principles of their functioning. In accordance with the new trends, the formation of a specific state policy aimed at expanding and expanding the boundaries of research is becoming relevant. The result of economic globalization can be considered the commercialization of scientific developments, including those carried out in higher education. It is determined that the state has the greatest influence on resource and environmental factors (creating conditions for the development of non-profit sector of economy, infrastructure, education, science, culture, guaranteeing access to them), while business significantly affects the achievement of intellectual activity (patent activity, formation flows of royalties and royalties, high-tech production, etc.) and their practical implementation. The development of the global market can be both a source of monopolies and a source of global innovation at the local level.