Functionalized Molybdenum Disulfide Research Articles

Functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer as an efficient nanosensor towards toxic nitrogen containing gases

Selective detection of toxic nitrogen-containing gases (e.g. NO and NO2) is achieved when special transition metal (TM) atoms are selected in doping molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer. The change of magnetic state is the secret of that selectivity.

Rapid and ratiometric fluorescent detection of hypochlorite by glutathione functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots

We proposed a rapid and ratiometric fluorescent detection method for hypochlorite by glutathione functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (G-MoS2 QDs). The G-MoS2 QDs were obtained through a hydrothermal method and the maximum fluorescence intensity was obtained at 430 nm under excitation of 360 nm. The fluorescence of G-MoS2 QDs at 430 nm can be weakened by curcumin through the inner filter effect, meanwhile the fluorescence of curcumin at 540 nm appeared. Hypochlorite can fast oxidize curcumin and weaken the inner filter effect, thus the fluorescence of curcumin at 540 nm decreased and the fluorescence of G-MoS2 QDs at 430 nm increased. This process takes only 30 s at room temperature. This is the rationale behind our rapid ratiometric fluorescent detection model for hypochlorite. Two linear detection ranges for hypochlorite are obtained with concentration from 1 to 20 μM and 20 to 30 μM, the limit of detection (LOD) was 11.5 nM. The standard spike recovery tests on milk and tap water samples showed satisfactory results, which extended the application of G-MoS2 QDs in the field of ratiometric fluorescence detection assays.

High-surface-area functionalized nanolaminated membranes for energy-efficient nanofiltration and desalination in forward osmosis

Stacking two-dimensional nanosheets into laminar membranes to create nanochannels has attracted widespread attention at both fundamental and practical levels in separation technology. Constructing space-tunable and long-term stable sub-nanometre channels provides original systems for nanofluidic investigations and accurate molecular sieving. Here we report a scalable strategy for the preparation of non-swelling, covalently functionalized MoS2 membranes with tunable cohesion energy and interlayer space ranging from 3.5 to 7.7 Å, depending on the nature of the functional groups attached to the MoS2 nanosheets. We evaluated the relationship between the capillary width, surface chemistry, stacking disorder and sieving behaviour of the membranes in forwards osmosis (FO). By combining experimental investigations and numerical simulations, we determined that functionalization with aryl groups induces the formation of a capillary width of 7.1 Å and an interlayer stiffness as low as 5.6 eV Å−2, leading to controlled stacking defects. We also report the fabrication of membranes with an area of up to 45 cm2 that demonstrate a salt rejection as high as 94.2% for a continuous operating time of 7 days. Furthermore, the desalination strategy in FO has a specific energy consumption of 4 × 10−3 kWh m−3, which compares favourably with commercial FO membranes. One of the problems of water-treatment membranes based on two-dimensional materials is that they tend to swell once in operation in water. A new strategy is presented for the preparation of non-swelling, covalently functionalized molybdenum disulfide membranes with tunable interlayer space and cohesion energy of the laminates.

Ti@MoS2 incorporated Polypropylene/Nylon fabric-based porous, breathable triboelectric nanogenerator as respiration sensor and ammonia gas sensor applications

High output and non-interrupted power supply from fabric-based nanogenerators still remain a major challenge in developing self-powered wearable electronic applications. Addressing this, we demonstrate a low-cost, lead-free triboelectric nanogenerator based on hydrothermally grown Titanium (Ti) functionalized Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) interspersed polypropylene (PP) cloth and sandwiched with Nylon cloth for a highly sensitive respiration sensor and self-powered ammonia gas sensor. The nanogenerator with the device configuration Cu/Ti@MoS2/PP: Nylon /Ag is attached to a respiratory mask, and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (JSC) during respiration cycles were obtained as 29.3 V and 42.7 µA/cm2 respectively. A significant difference in the breath pattern of human respiration cycles. Further, a fully self-powered ammonia gas sensor was demonstrated by integrating the triboelectric nanogenerator with Ti@MoS2/PP ammonia sensor. The self-powered Ti- MoS2 on PP cloth-based gas sensor driven by TENG displays an excellent response with a wide dynamic sensing range of ammonia gas from 200 ppb to 2600 ppb at room temperature, with a high sensitivity, selectivity and a rapid response time. This study explores the bifunctional nature of Ti@MoS2 nanoparticles as a respiratory mask and a self-powered ammonia gas sensor fabricated with excellent potential for self-powered health diagnostic applications.

3-Aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for fluorescent determination of hypochlorite.

A simple method is reported for hypochlorite determination based on fluorescence 3-aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (B-MoS2 QDs). B-MoS2 QDs with strong fluorescence at 380nm have been successfully synthesized by the amidation reaction between APBA and hydrothermal MoS2 QDs. Hypochlorite sensing was proposed utilizing the fluorescent quenching effect of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride (TMB) on B-MoS2 QDs and the fast redox reaction between hypochlorite and TMB. The fluorescent quenching effect of TMB to B-MoS2 QDs was proved to be caused by static dynamic quenching and inner filter effect. A good linear relationship was obtained in the hypochlorite concentration range from 1 to 20μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 36.8nM. The proposed fluorescent detection assay was simple and fast, taking only 5min at room temperature. Satisfactory results were obtained in the standard spike recovery tests on tap water and milk samples, which indicate high potential in constructing fluorescent bio-detection assays.

In Situ Incorporation of Liquid Polysulfide Oligomer Modified MoS2 into Polysulfide Rubber (PSR) as Solid Crosslinker with Greatly Improved Dispersion Ability and Interfacial Interaction

AbstractPolysulfide rubber (PSR) is a versatile sealing material, but suffers from poor mechanical properties, which can be solved by increasing the crosslinking density and introducing fillers. In this study, functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MMoS2) by in situ incorporation with different thiol‐containing compounds is obtained. On the basis of the optimum content of 0.5 wt.%, the performance of MMoS2/PSR is systematically studied. The results show that the interfacial interaction between MMoS2 and the matrix is improved. In particular, PSR reinforced by MoS2 modified with polysulfide oligomer (MoS2‐LPO) behaves the most excellently. Its solvent resistance and crosslink density are also improved by 14.2% and 39.4%, respectively. The storage modulus of MoS2‐LPO/PSR is 394% higher than that of the unmodified one. This is attributed to the MoS2‐LPO playing the role of filler and large‐sized solid crosslinker at the same time. Through broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), it is determined that MoS2‐LPO/PSR has the longest relaxation time due to the stronger interfacial interaction. In order to understand the effect of interfacial interaction between MoS2 and PSR on the properties of the composites more clearly, MoS2 modified with other functional groups are also discussed.

Solar-Assisted Superhydrophobic MoS2/PDMS/MS Sponge for the Efficient Cleanup of Viscous Oil.

Industrialization releases many high-viscosity oil pollutants into the environment, requiring a hydrophobic recyclable oil-absorbing material. Therefore, a self-heating and superhydrophobic melamine sponge (MS) by connecting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated with functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets on a three-dimensional microstructure of a commercial MS (MoS2/PDMS/MS) via a simple and low-cost dip-coating method. The prepared sponge showed a water contact angle of 151.8°, indicating that the modified sponge exhibited superhydrophobicity. Due to the addition of MoS2, the modified sponge can convert light into heat, and its surface could be heated to 59.7 °C within 30 s. Because of the excellent MoS2/PDMS/MS photothermal performance, the sponge could decrease the viscosity of the high-viscosity oil, absorbing the high-viscosity oil efficiently. After simultaneous thermal analysis and repeated compression tests, the modified sponge exhibited high thermochemical stability, mechanical property, and reusability. This superhydrophobic multifunctional sponge shows excellent potential for high-viscosity oil absorption.

Functionalized MoS2 nanosheets enabled nanofiltration membrane with enhanced permeance and fouling resistance

In this study, a novel thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane incorporated with -OH functionalized molybdenum disulfide (OH-MoS 2 ) nanosheets was fabricated through interfacial polymerization between piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) by addition of nanosheets in the aqueous phase. The physicochemical characterizations of the resultant TFN membrane confirmed the embedding of OH-MoS 2 nanosheets and showed excellent compatibility with polypiperazine amide (PPA) matrix, as well as the nanosheets incorporation significantly increased the hydrophilicity, negative charge, surface roughness. In addition, the hydroxyl groups attached to the MoS 2 nanosheets can be covalently bonded into the skin layer through its reaction with TMC, promoting excellent compatibility with the polymer matrix. At an optimum concentration of 0.010 wt% OH-MoS 2 , the TFN membrane exhibited 45.17% increase in pure water flux (84.14 L m −2 h −1 ) when compared to control membrane (57.96 L m −2 h −1 ) and maintained stable salt rejection for Na 2 SO 4 (96.67%). This optimized TFN membrane exhibited high normalized flux of 96.92% when compared to 91.22% for control membrane and high flux recovery ratio of 98.88% was maintained as well as enhanced organic removal at 89.14% in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 99.2% as ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV 254 ) was recorded during 6 h filtration studies with humic acid containing feed water. 0.010 wt% OH-MoS 2 incorporated membranes exhibited enhanced permeance, salt rejection and stability along with excellent fouling resistance and organic removal demonstrating the potential of OH-MoS 2 nanosheets for engineering high performance and fouling resistant TFN NF membranes for water treatment. • TFN NF membrane by embedding OH-MoS 2 nanosheet into PPA layer via IP reaction. • OH-MoS 2 with abundant oxygen, sulphur groups improved hydrophilicity of membrane. • 0.01 wt% OH-MoS 2 membrane showed 45.17% higher flux and 96.67% Na 2 SO 4 rejection. • TFN membrane shows 96.92% normalized flux compared to 91.22% for control membrane. • Excellent organic removal and stability was exhibited by TFN membrane.

Oriented molybdenum disulfide-silica/hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites: Effects of nanosheets on mechanical and dielectric properties

A series of non-covalently functionalized molybdenum disulfide-silica (f-MoS2-SiO2) nanocomposites was prepared by an in-situ assembled method and used to fabricate the oriented molybdenum disulfide-SiO2/Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (f-MoS2-SiO2/HNBR) composites. The characterization results show the synergistic dispersion between the functionalized molybdenum disulfide (f-MoS2) nanosheets and SiO2 nanoparticles. The addition of f-MoS2 nanosheets can improve the dispersion of fillers in the rubber matrix and weaken the filler network. The non-covalently functionalization improves the interface interaction between f-MoS2 nanosheets and the rubber matrix. Furthermore, the tensile strength of f-MoS2-SiO2/HNBR is 65.9% higher than that of SiO2/HNBR by adding 1.0wt% of f-MoS2. At the same time, the dielectric constant of f-MoS2-SiO2/HNBR is increased by 23.7% compared to SiO2/HNBR due to the micro-capacitor structure of parallel f-MoS2 nanosheets in the rubber matrix. Our work provides new ideas for the development of high-performance elastomer materials.

Au@ZnNi-MOF labeled electrochemical aptasensor for detection of enrofloxacin based on AuPt@h-CeO2/MoS2 and DNAzyme-driven DNA walker triple amplification signal strategy

Herein, an aptasensor based on Pb2+ dependent DNAzyme driven DNA Walker with the triple amplification signal strategy was developed for ultrasensitive detection of enrofloxacin (ENR). The composite of Au & Pt coated hollow cerium oxide (AuPt@h-CeO2), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized molybdenum disulfide (PEI-MoS2) were used as the substrate material to increase the specific surface area of the electrode and attach more DNA probes. In the presence of ENR, the aptamer can break away from the double-stranded structure, releasing DNAzyme capable of cleaving circular RNA with the help of Pb2+, which in turn will generate a large number of capture probes that bind the signal probes. In-situ reduced gold nanoparticles coated bimetallic metal-organic framework (Au@ZnNi-MOF) as signal labeled to catalyze thionine (Thi) to amplify the signal, which could be observed a significant electrochemical signal in square wave voltammetry (SWV). As expected, under the optimal conditions, the current in SWV is linearly related with the concentration of ENR in the range of 5.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 1.02 × 10−7 ng/mL. Further, it has been successfully used in real environmental water and milk samples and showed satisfactory performances.

Ultra-smooth and ultra-thin polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes incorporated with functionalized MoS2 nanosheets for high performance organic solvent nanofiltration

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes are the key factors for the treatment of organic solution via OSN technology. In this work, we fabricated a kind of ultra-thin and ultra-smooth thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) OSN membrane using interfacial polymerization (IP) process with ultra-low concentration for both the aqueous and the organic monomers, together with doped tannic acid (TA) functionalized Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets of ultra-low content in the aqueous monomer solution, and followed by post-IP chemical crosslinking and solvent activation procedures. The results demonstrated that the incorporated TA-MoS2 nanosheets not only help to promote the solvent permeation, but also help to increase the solvent resistance and fouling resistance of the fabricated membrane. The optimal TFN OSN membrane fabricated using 0.05 wt% aqueous m-phenylenediamine (MPD) solution doped with TA-MoS2 nanosheets content of 50 mg L−1 and 0.0025 wt% trimesoyl chloride (TMC) / n-hexane solution has an ultra-thin barrier layer, with an average thickness of about 15 nm. This endows it a much higher pure DMF permeance of 219.1 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1, which is much superior over most of literature works. Meanwhile, the fabricated TFN OSN membrane achieves a rejection of 99.1 % for rhodamine B (RDB, 479 Dalton), which is about 10.1 % increment compared with that of the baseline thin-film composite (TFC) membrane. The TFN OSN membrane also features an ultra-smooth skin layer, with a surface roughness of merely about 2.0 nm, which is quite beneficial for its fouling resistance performance. Moreover, the TFN OSN membrane features outstanding high solvent resistance. It remained a nearly constant and extremely high rejection for Rose Begal (RB, 1017 Dalton), about 99.9 %, and a much higher DMF permeance, 101 ± 2 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1, after cross-flow filtration for more than 200 h using 100 mg L−1 RB / DMF solution as feed, which is seldomly reported in literature. Even being immersed in DMF at 80 °C for more than 144 h, it remained a rejection of higher than 98 % for Rhodamine B (479 Dalton), indicating its superior solvent resistance and promising industrial application prospect.

Functionalized MoS2 Nanoflowers with Excellent Near-Infrared Photothermal Activities for Scavenging of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria.

Presently, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have been commonly found in environment, such as air, soil and lakes. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to prepare antimicrobial agents with excellent anti-antibiotic resistant bacteria. In our research, poly-ethylene glycol functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (PEG-MoS2 NFs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. As-prepared PEG-MoS2 NFs displayed excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (30.6%) and photothermal stability. Under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation for 10 min, the inhibition rate of tetracycline-resistant Bacillus tropicalis and Stenotrophomonas malphilia reached more than 95% at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. More interestingly, the photothermal effect of PEG-MoS2 NFs could accelerate the oxidation of glutathione, resulting in the rapid death of bacteria. A functionalized PEG-MoS2 NFs photothermal anti-antibiotic resistant system was constructed successfully.

Alkynyl functionalized MoS2 mesoporous materials with superb adsorptivity for heavy metal ions

Effective elimination of heavy metal ions from water is an arduous task for their toxic effects to aquatic ecosystem and human health. Herein, a novel alkynyl functionalized molybdenum disulfide (C-MoS2) is fabricated via mechanochemical method with well interlayered spacing, meso porosity, and high surface area (~211 m2g−1). Mineral MoS2 was first peeled mechanically and oxidized in situ to MoS2−xOx, and then reduced by ball milling with CaC2 to form the C-MoS2 composite. The as-obtained C-MoS2 shows extraordinary adsorptivity for heavy metal ions, viz. 1194 mg-Hg g−1 (Hg(NO3)2 solution, pH= 5, 303.15 K, equilibrium Hg(II) concentration Ce= 36.9 μg·g−1, ionic strength I= 17.2 mmolL−1), and 442.3 mg-Pbg−1 (Pb(NO3)2 solution, pH= 5, 303.15 K, equilibrium Pb(II) concentration Ce= 46.9μgg−1, I= 5.8 mmolL−1), respectively, along with excellent recyclability, representing one of the best sorbents till now. The adsorption isotherms of Hg(II) followed the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption is an endothermic and entropy driven spontaneous process. The excellent adsorption performance of C-MoS2 is attributed to its very high S-content, availability, and soft acid-base interaction with mercury and lead anions. The C-MoS2 is an advanced sorbent for Hg(II) and Pb(II) with excellent adsorption performance and recyclability.

β-Cyclodextrin functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots as nanoprobe for sensitive fluorescent detection of parathion-methyl

Through modifying molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) with 3-aminophenyl boronic acid and functionalizing further with hydropropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a novel nanoprobe based on β-CD functionalized MoS2 QDs (β-CD-MoS2 QDs) was developed for the fluorescent detection of parathion-methyl (MP). β-CD-MoS2 QDs was characterized with various technologies including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence and UV–Vis absorption spectra. As for MP detection, MP was hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenol (p-NP) under the alkaline conditions, and p-NP can enter into the β-CD cavity due to the host-guest recognition capability of β-CD, which then results the fluorescence quenching of nanoprobe. Based on this principle, an enzyme-free fluorescence sensing platform were constructed for MP. Under the optimal conditions, β-CD-MoS2 QDs nanoprobe exhibits wide detection scope (0.01–18.0 ppm) and low detection limits (3.3 ppb) for MP detection. In addition, the nanoprobe has excellent selectivity for MP, and it can be applied to detect MP in real samples.

Rapid sensing of lead metal ions in an aqueous medium by MoS2 quantum dots fluorescence turn-off

The traditional methods used for the detection of heavy metal ions in an aqueous medium have been considered as complicated and time-consuming; therefore, it is highly recommended to find a rapid and sensitive probe. The functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) quantum dots (QDs) were developed and used as a sensitive fluorescent probe for monitoring the lead (Pb2+) ions in an aqueous medium. Photoluminescence (PL)/fluorescence intensity of the QDs strongly quenched in the presence of Pb2+ ions. The responsiveness of PL of QDs with Pb2+ in the range of 33 μM to 8.0 mM makes it a wide dynamic range sensing probe with a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 μM. Besides, the linear dependence of an absolute absorption intensity with the concentration of Pb2+ ions makes it a significant probe for monitoring the lead metal ions in an aqueous environment.

Research on Targeted Thermal Effect of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets Modified by Nucleic Acid Aptamers

In this paper, the surface of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets synthesized by hydrothermal method was modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and nucleic acid aptamers in order to construct a photothermal system with high target recognition, stable size, good biocompatibility and low toxicity Nano material molybdenum disulfide; Under 808 nm laser irradiation, suitable functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanosheets can produce singlet oxygen at an effective concentration for photodynamic therapy, and at the same time, photothermal therapy can also be used to achieve synergistic therapy and the therapeutic effect is more excellent. This shows that such functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanosheets have excellent therapeutic effect and great potential in tumor treatment.

Electrochemical detection of C-reactive protein using functionalized iridium nanoparticles/graphene oxide as a tag.

C-reactive protein (CRP) has become a recognized indicator of inflammation. CRP concentration in serum is an important indicator for monitoring early heart damage, and it is also a newly discovered coronary heart disease-associated inflammatory factor. A conductive nano-hybrid material composed of Au NPs and ionic liquid functionalized molybdenum disulfide (Au NPs/IL-MoS2) was prepared and utilized to immobilize primary CRP antibodies. Subsequently, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DN) was adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO) through π–π stacking, which was used to load iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) as a tag to label secondary CRP antibodies. The large surface area of Au NPs/IL-MoS2 and the excellent electrocatalytic properties of Ir NPs/GO-DN toward the reduction of H2O2 resulted in a highly sensitive assay for CRP antigens. This immunosensor exhibited wide linear ranges from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 and a lower detection of limit of 3.3 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). This CRP immunosensor can be applied in real serum sample analysis with satisfactory results, indicating that the immunosensor has potential applications in biomedical detection.

Mitochondria-targeted TPP-MoS2 with dual enzyme activity provides efficient neuroprotection through M1/M2 microglial polarization in an Alzheimer's disease model

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common age-associated brain diseases and is induced by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and oxidative stress. Many studies have focused on eliminating Aβ by nanoparticle affinity; however, nanoparticles are taken up mainly by microglia rather than neurons, leading poor control of AD. Herein, mitochondria-targeted nanozymes known as (3-carboxypropyl)triphenyl-phosphonium bromide-conjugated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (TPP-MoS2 QDs) were designed. TPP-MoS2 QDs mitigate Aβ aggregate-mediated neurotoxicity and eliminate Aβ aggregates in AD mice by switching microglia from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. TPP-MoS2 QDs cross the blood-brain barrier, escape from lysosomes, target mitochondria and exhibit the comprehensive activity of a bifunctional nanozyme, thus preventing spontaneous neuroinflammation by regulating the proinflammatory substances interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factors as well as the anti-inflammatory substance transforming growth factor-β. In contrast to the low efficacy of eliminating Aβ by nanoparticle affinity, the present study provides a new pathway to mitigate AD pathology through mitochondria-targeted nanozymes and M1/M2 microglial polarization.

Zinc oxide functionalized molybdenum disulfide heterostructures as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Technology urges to replace the state-of-the-art catalysts such as platinum with low cost, earth abundant and durable electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution (HER) reaction which is going to become the major sustainable production of energy in future. Herein, we present the heterostructure based MoS2.ZnO (MZO) heterostructures for successful electrochemical water splitting process. For HER, the prepared MoS2.ZnO nanocomposites show the over potential as low as 239 mV at cathodic current density 10 mAcm−2 with an exchange current density of 3.2 μAcm−2. A Tafel slope of about 62 mV per decade suggested to have the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism for the HER process with MoS2.ZnO nanocomposite as the catalyst. The small Tafel slope indicates a promising electrocatalyst for HER in practical application. The strong interface formation at the MoS2.ZnO heterostructure facilitates higher catalytic activity and excellent cycling stability. The heterostructure formation based on semiconductor two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) open up new avenues for effective manipulation of HER catalysts.

Organic Small Molecule Covalently Functionalized Molybdenum Disulfide Hybrid Material for Optical Limiting

Abstract Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are insoluble in any organic solvent, which makes them more difficult to fabricate into thin film devices for nanoelectronics and nonlinear optics. To solve practical solution-processability problems of the MoS2 nanosheets, it would be ideal and feasible to design and synthesize MoS2-based solution-processed organic/polymeric materials. In this work, new organic small molecule covalently modified MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2-CHT) were synthesized through a simple reaction between MoS2 and 6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexane-1-thiol (CHT). Both a DMF solution of MoS2-CHT and a MoS2-CHT/PMMA film exhibited excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) and optical limiting (OL) responses when compared to the MoS2 and MoS2/CHT mixture. As a result, among these materials, the annealed MoS2-CHT/PMMA film showed the largest nonlinear absorption coefficients (βeff) and highest imaginary third-order susceptibilities (Imχ(3)) (997.75 cm/GW and 4.25 × 10−10 esu at 532 nm; 372.62 cm/GW and 3.19 × 10−10 esu at 1064 nm). The enhanced NLO/OL performance of the annealed film could be due to the structural transition of MoS2 in MoS2-CHT from the 1T phase to the 2H phase during the annealing and the possible thermal-induced electron transfer effect between MoS2 and CHT moieties in MoS2-CHT.