Functional Style Research Articles

Margarita N. Kozhina’s Way in Language Studies

This article presents a scholarly biography of Margarita Kozhina (1925–2012), the founder of the well-known Perm School of Stylistics and professor at Perm State University. She developed the theory of functional stylistics, which revealed and described the regularities of stylistic differentiation in literary Russian. In the early 1960s, Kozhina was one of the first researchers in Russian linguistics to study issues of language functioning and form a new scholarly direction, namely speech studies. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, she defined the main categories of functional stylistics. The latter was regarded as the most important component of speech studies. Kozhina’s papers organically entered the episteme of the second half of the twentieth and early twentyfirst centuries. They marked the turn of linguistics from the system-structural paradigm of studying language to the functional one. Kozhina developed the stylistic-statistical method of speech analysis. A statistical survey of the linguistic side of functional styles allowed her to make conclusions about the interaction of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in speech. Kozhina authored more than 200 scholarly publications, including 8 monographs and the first Russian textbook on Russian-language stylistics. She was a member of the International Committee of Slavists and the editorial boards of several scholarly journals, including Stylistyka (Poland) and Styl (Serbia). The article describes Kozhina both as a prominent theorist and a remarkable organiser of scholarship. She initiated 20 collections of academic works on stylistics, some international conferences, a three-volume collective monograph on the history of Russian scholarly style from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, and the first Stylistic Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Russian Language (a compendium of knowledge on functional stylistics). The author describes Margarita Kozhina as a talented researcher and an unusually strong personality, who managed, having overcome dramatic circumstances, to make an important contribution to European studies of language.

Expressive function of intertext in the philosophical prose (based on the novel "Sled ptici v nebe" by B. Momyshuly)

The article examines the expressive activity of intertext in philosophical prose. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of a special scientific study devoted to the expressive activity of intertext. The object of the study was Bakytzhan Momyshuly’s philosophical novel “The Trail of a bird in the sky”. Intertextual elements link the text with other texts of the functional style. In this regard, intertextual elements are found in a literary text in various typologies and perform a different function. Expressiveness means strengthening the content of this text, systematization of certain information, drawing attention to it. The implementation of the expressive function of the intertext is possible only when the intertext is connected to the communication process, i.e. to the communication process. Expressiveness, according to many researchers, consists in a complex understanding, the main components of which express each other and interact in language. These include emotionality, intensity, imagery, evaluation. Artistic text is especially characterized by expressiveness as a means of creating artistic images. An artistic image is the basis of a literary text. In philosophical novels, it is reflected in the form of emotions, feelings, states of consciousness, connecting reality and fiction through the imagination of the writer. Possessing artistic and aesthetic qualities, the language of fiction refers to a certain system of means of verbal and artistic expression. Artistic speech has its own linguistic features. Expressiveness contributes to the creation of new means of conveying the thoughts and feelings of the speaker. A philosophical text affects the reader emotionally and aesthetically by communicating certain information.The difference between the concepts of expressiveness and emotionality made it possible to clarify a number of provisions concerning expressive semantics. The work of E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk, L. E. Mikhailova is devoted to the correlation of the concepts of expressiveness, emotionality. In their opinion, the category of emotionality is divided into several types: expressiveness-emotionality-evaluative (emotional); words defining moral assessment (decent, honest) refer to units of emotional assessment as expressive. The author’s position: even without expressiveness, these units cannot be emotionally evaluative. Although many linguists have studied the theoretical foundations of linguistic expression in fiction and its practical application, it is the expressive function of intertext in works of fiction that has not yet been sufficiently studied.

Особенности терминологической аббревиации в английском научно-техническом тексте

The aim of the undertaken study is to determine the word-formation features of abbreviations and acronyms in the scientific functional style by the example of abbreviations in scientific and technical texts in English. The article discusses the features of the scientific and technical text, special vocabulary and terminological abbreviation, provides structural and semantic models of word formation through acronyms. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the features of acronyms formation in the English scientific and technical text, as well as some productive structural and semantic models based on the analysis of acronyms from English-language computer assistance sites and the free multilingual online dictionary Woxikon, which provide a database of computer abbreviations. As a result, it has been revealed that acronyms, being phonetically convenient in pronunciation compared to abbreviations, are formed according to already established structural and semantic models, which facilitates their understanding and translation.

Technical Perspective

There is a tension between an imperative style for control flow that has been shown to be easier to use, especially for novices, and a functional style for control flow that better exposes optimization opportunities, thereby making the optimizers more capable. The authors of "Efficient Control Flow in Dataflow Systems: When Ease-of-Use Meets High Performance" propose Mitos, a program rewriting framework that achieves the best of both worlds by borrowing program analysis concepts from compilers and lifting them to the distributed dataflow regime. Dataflow systems require significant data movement during processing, which can be highly redundant and wasteful in the context of iteration: naive execution plans can reprocess the same massive dataset on each iteration, and iteration i+1 must wait until iteration i is finished. The authors design a mechanism for labeling each intermediate result with its execution path, allowing the system to simultaneously manage complex branching situations while also implementing efficient processing via loop pipelining, all by reasoning about and comparing execution paths.

Planificar para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la educación superior. Análisis de las estrategias desarrolladas en el aula

Identifying the factors that influence the planning and subsequent development of a class at the university level is necessary for the development of critical thinking in higher education students. The objective of this article was to present the results of the interweaving of teaching experiences in the framework of a class in which the same pedagogical tools were used. The methodology used was a qualitative and ethnographic two-level strategy to identify the factors that influence the expected result at the time of planning a class. As a result, cohesion and satisfaction were, in general terms, achieved by both teachers, but not personalization, due to the structured style of one and the functional style of the other. It was concluded that the effectiveness of planning for meaningful learning and the development of critical thinking must consider, among other circumstances, the university classroom climate and the teaching style.

Changing Metacognitive Appraisal Bias in High-Worriers Through Reappraisal Training

Background and ObjectivesWorry-related negative metacognitive beliefs about worrying maintain and predict pathological worry. For the current proof-of-principle study, we developed a computerized cognitive bias modification based—reappraisal training (RT), to modify the appraisal of negative metacognitive beliefs in a high-worrying sample. A functional and dysfunctional RT were pitted against each other to investigate whether appraisals of one’s thinking and coping changed following training. Moreover, training effects on the number of negative thoughts and interpretations of the worry content were examined.MethodsParticipants (N = 81) were trained to adopt a functional (disconfirmation of negative metacognitive beliefs) or dysfunctional (confirmation of negative metacognitive beliefs) appraisal style using a series of vignettes that had to be completed in line with the intended training direction. Changes in negative thoughts from pre- to post-RT were assessed with a behavioral state worry task, and transfer to interpretations with an open-ended stem sentence task.ResultsFindings support the use of the RT to alter a metacognitive appraisal bias, as participants receiving the functional RT reported fewer negative appraisals of one’s thinking and coping than participants in the dysfunctional RT group. Number of negative thoughts and interpretations were not directly affected by training.LimitationsThis study employed an analog sample and future research should replicate findings in a clinical sample for which negative metacognitions are more relevant.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential of metacognitive RT for future translational studies with (clinical) samples characterized by repetitive negative thinking and/or negative metacognitive beliefs.

Stylistic text characteristics of Mari folk fairy tales

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to identify and describe the stylistic characteristics of the texts of folklore genres, as well as revealing the composition of the identified expressive means and figurative techniques of the Mari language. With a modern interest to the spiritual heritage of nations, the development of philological sciences, an analysis of the stylistic characteristics of the texts of Mari fairy tales can provide a more complete picture of the language and style of Mari folklore, which is an integral part of the system of functional styles of the Mari language. The article presents new data on the systemic nature of stylistic devices in the texts of folk tales. Materials and Methods. The empirical material is presented by 133 Mari folk fairy tales borrowed from various sources and considered from the stylistics within the framework of the theory of systems using a combination of general scientific (analysis and synthesis) and specific stylistic (semantic-stylistic, stylistic interpretation of the text) methods. Results and Discussion. The identified and described set of expressive and figurative means testifies to the wide variety of the components of folklore functional style, which is part of the system of styles of the Mari language. The algorithm for studying expressive means and figurative techniques in the texts of fairy tales presented in the article makes it possible to use the theoretical basis and methodological base in the study of texts of other folklore genres that belong not only to the Mari linguistic culture. Conclusion. The relevance and significance of the research is determined by the tasks set in it resulting in definition of new data on the systemic nature and components of the style of folk fairy tales. The main part of the system of stylistic devices is made up of expressive techniques of the phonological and syntactic levels of texts, supplemented by techniques of the morphological and lexical levels.

TAIKYTI SVEIKATOS TEKSTUOSE: BŪTINASIS REIKŠMĖS PLATINIMAS AR NETINKAMA VARTOSENA?

This article analyses the correct use of phrases with the verb taikyti. It discusses the semantic structure of the word, and its different interpretations in dictionaries of the Lithuanian language. Data is collected from the ‘Corpus of the Modern Lithuanian Language’, sources about various functional styles, and a survey. It shows the real contemporary usage of the verb taikyti in texts related to health. The correctness of the use of the examples collected is analysed, and special attention is paid to problematic cases that require a more detailed analysis. The research indicates that for some phrases with taikyti which users view as correct, better contextual equivalents can be found.

Анафорические сложные синтаксические целые в татарском языке

The purpose of the study is to determine how the sentences of a complex syntactic unity are linked in the Tatar language. The paper analyses one of the parallel types of linking, i.e. the anaphoric type, which is realised through structural parallelism. Scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a comprehensive analysis of anaphoric link in the Tatar language, of how anaphoric link is used in the functional styles of the Tatar language. The analysis has revealed that anaphoric link is used in all functional styles. It is especially actively used in poetic texts.

Experimental Study of Perceptual Characteristics of Semantic Association in the Text

Psycholinguistics, as a science emerged from linguistics and psychology, uses psychological methods to study the linguistic realities of language. The development of a new scientific discipline entails the application of a new methodology for text analysis, which contributes to the discovery of completely new, unique data. At present, experimental methods are increasingly used in psycholinguistic studies. The research described in the presented article is of an experimental nature and is aimed at identifying the features of the semantic association perception in texts of different genre and stylistic affiliation. In the course of the analysis of the obtained material, presented by the texts of artistic, journalistic and colloquial functional styles in Russian and English, it was found that the lexemes of neutral semantic association are the most susceptible to adequate perception. The revealed distribution of recipient reactions is explicated by the specificity of linguistic units with negative and positive connotations.

Marking a collection of texts with the keywords – automation aspects

This article presents and discusses the results of automatic indexing of keywords in 27 functional collections of Russian texts in three functional styles: scholarly, journalistic and fiction. The approach to the processing of markup results is presented and the data on the consistency of experts are given. Depending on the nature of the project’s problems, the design tasks provide for an automated system of document and keyword identification. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of a modified automatic text scoring system (CAPT) with keywords and to analyse in detail the results of the scoring test in order to create the conditions for the next discourse. These functions constitute the content of one of the research stages aimed at creating an effective algorithm for CS extraction for Russian language.

Developing Problem Solving Competency Using Functional Programming Style

This paper is dedicated to the challenges of the education that high school students are facing while developing specific competencies related to the functional programming style (FPS). The presented educational approach consists of two components: first, learning FPS by comparing it with the imperative, procedural, object-oriented and logic programming paradigms and second, using competencies based approach for solving practical problems with functional programming. The paper presents a problem set and the phases of its application in the learning process. The results and the analysis of the approach are presented in two groups of high school students which develop successfully their specific competencies for using FPS for practical problem solving. The presented results show that the students are understanding easier FPS and its differences from their known paradigms (imperative, procedural, object-oriented and logical) by using a problem set with properly prepared practical problems which they can solve in multiple ways which lead them to the FPS solution.

Особенности композиции сложного синтаксического целого в татарском языке

The purpose of the study is to determine the features peculiar to the structural organisation of a complex syntactic unity in the Tatar language. The paper describes types of syntactic links between sentences of a complex syntactic unity. The researcher analyses in detail a chain syntactic link, which is realised through the subject or through the predicate, by repeating elements of the subject or the predicate of a previous statement. Scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the types of a chain link in the Tatar language, the features of using a chain link in functional styles of the Tatar language. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that a chain link is used in all styles of the language. All kinds of a chain link can be found in the language of fiction and publicism. While a chain link by means of lexical repetition is more characteristic of the scientific style, a chain synonymic link and a chain pronominal link are widely used in publicism.

Possibilities of Searching for Linguistic Means of Expressing Semantic Categories in Translation by Using Corpus-Based Methods

Introduction. The article focuses on linguistic means of expressing the invariant in receiving language in translation. The purpose of the article is to construct a semantic field of linguistic means that represent language to use in speech production, to express the invariant in the receiving language based on the data of corpus-based methods from the point of view of prescriptive translation studies.Methodology and sources. The purpose of the article determines the methodology of the work, which consists in using corpus methods, namely: compiling a corpus of texts of a certain subject and functional style to determine possible translation matches by searching for keywords and searching for a key word in context. The research material was a news article with elements of popular science style.Results and discussion. As a result of the research, a semantic field of possible variant correspondences in translation was constructed. These correspondences are idiomatic, frequent, typical means of expressing a given semantic category in the receiving language. The results obtained can be used both in translation theory (for example, in the development of fundamental concepts of prescriptive translation studies) and in translation practice as practical recommendations for translators. The novelty of the research is that this work for the first time presents the results of the study that uses the methods of corpus linguistics, namely Sketch Engine, to identify variant correspondences for expressing a certain semantic category in the receiving language.Conclusion. As a result, idiomatic, typical linguistic means of expressing a semantic category in the receiving language can be identified, which ensures a higher quality of translated texts.

Стилистические особенности и жанровые репрезентации религиозной лексики в современном русском языке

The article observes stylistic features and genre representations of religious vocabulary in contemporary Russian language. The study of the development of terminological systems in certain areas of knowledge and their role in the development of a language is one of the most important problems in modern linguistics. The solution to this problem is to study the great variety of sources of spiritual, academic, business, journalistic and other areas of human activity. Religious vocabulary is the richest layer of the Russian language. The study of the use of religious terminology in the functional styles of Russian makes it possible to clearly identify the psychological, categorical and subject meanings of this type of vocabulary in the system of indigenous language of Russians. The aim of this research is to study styles and genres in which religious lexemes are found in modern Russian. This is explained by the fact that language and religion are closely related. The influence of religion on language is an indisputable fact, because in every religion there is a number of lexemes that relate only to a particular faith. At the same time, some religious lexemes have become common and formed a part of the active vocabulary of Russians. That is why we observe the following situation in the Russian language: religious terms appear in all styles of speech.

THE GOOGLE SERVICES USING DURING THE STUDY OF “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE (FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES)” FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL SPECIALTIES

The modern educational space is constantly changing, looking for new and interesting forms of learning and providing the process of acquiring knowledge. Higher education is being reformed, in particular, innovative methods and means of providing educational services are emerging, the structure of classes and forms of organization of various types of work are changing. It is noted that technical and informational means of training play a key role in the system of training future specialists. In addition, the Internet is an important auxiliary structural element in the work of the teacher. The article presents educational, informative and methodical materials necessary for studying the discipline “Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)”. The complex of tasks is aimed at the development of students’ communicative skills and abilities: to research of lexical and grammatical categories of modern Ukrainian literature languages for optimal language behavior in the professional sphere; to master terminological vocabulary, skills of work with highly specialized dictionaries; to analyze the feasibility of using lexical, morphological, syntactic language means in accordance with communicative intentions; to master the oral and written norms of speech etiquette in professional activities doctor; to learn to differentiate the functional styles of modern Ukrainian literature languages ​in general and get acquainted with the distinctive features of the scientific medical text. The proposed system of tasks will help to master the skills and abilities to communicate orally and in writing in accordance with the goals and social norms of speech behavior in professional spheres and situations. It was analyzed how to improve the education quality of medical students studying of the “Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)”, using Google services. It was suggested that Gmail, Google forms, Google Docs, Google Slides, Blogger can be effectively used in education for communication between academic staff and their students, as well as improve the quality and availability of their training resources. The materials described in the article are intended for Ukrainian students of medical specialties.

Семантика императивных высказываний в современном киргизском языке

The cognitive features of imperative utterances in the modern Kyrgyz language have been investigated. As you know, the imperative has two different meanings: one means urgency, necessity and importance, and the other - attempts to influence the actions of other people. Imperative means something extremely important or necessary. It also means order. The analyzed imperative statements are considered in the mainstream of conceptual grammar, which allows you to highlight syntactic concepts, or mental images that stand behind linguistic signs and are reflected in the analyzed syntactic structures. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe imperative utterances in the Kyrgyz language, to reveal the mechanisms for changing the prototypical meaning of the verb lexicon in the structure of the imperative using theories such as the theory of functional styles, the theory of discourse, the theory of speech acts and the theory of grammar of constructions. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the semantic features of the imperative statements of the modern Kyrgyz language. The purpose of this work is to show the features of imperatives, to carefully study the types and functions of imperatives in the Kyrgyz language. The data were analyzed using a comparative analysis to find out the differences and similarities of the imperatives of the Kyrgyz language with other languages. The study belongs to qualitative research, as it was conducted using the method of contrast analysis as a comparison of languages. The object of the research is the data imperatives were taken from the sources that were needed for the research.

Computer aided functional style identification and correction in modern russian texts

Computer aided functional style identification and correction in modern russian texts

Разработка словарной статьи текстовой скрепы «прежде всего» для «Словаря служебных слов русского языка»

The article presents a dictionary entry of the text connector “first of all” (Rus. prezhde vsego) prepared in accordance with the model of lexicographic description for the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language. The model was proposed by A.F. Priyatkina and E.A. Starodumova. Their works, as well as studies by the staff of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Far Eastern Federal University on the description of functional words and their presentation in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language, were the theoretical basis of this study. The following research methods are used in the article: observation; description, including generalization and systematization of linguistic phenomena; and contextual analysis. Examples from the Russian National Corpus and examples collected from modern texts of various functional styles and genres are used as illustrative material. When preparing a dictionary entry, the author has found that the fixed expression “first of all” can function not only at the level of the text, but also at the level of the utterance. The description of the non-textual possibilities of this fixed expression should be the subject of a special research. The text connector “first of all” has the meaning “prior the rest”, “before the rest”, “what comes first from a multitude”, which allows it to be used in three functional variants: (1) the selection of one or several elements that meet certain requirements that are the most important; (2) the designation of the most important condition for further development/impossibility of development of the situation, the possibility/impossibility of the development of events; and (3) the designation of the main argument refuting what is said in the left context of the connector. The location of the connector in the utterance and punctuation design can vary. The fixed phrase “first of all” has been described in several dictionaries, but its description there is not complete. In this regard, a lexicographic description of the phrase was carried out according to the following parameters: types of use, homonymy, morphological structure, meaning (interpretation), functional and semantic variants, scope, functioning as a connector, functioning within the framework of one utterance and types of constructions, intonation, punctuation, location, interaction with other connectors, interaction with other function words, functions other than text connection, units similar in function and semantics, stylistic label, dictionary data, illustrations. The study shows that the text connector “first of all” can be described in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language in terms of semantics, variation of functions, intonation and punctuation design, interaction with other function words, and others. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

Лексические единицы, противопоставленные по признаку ‘холодный-теплый’, в дискурсе погоды в современном русском языке

The article examines the words that implement the semantic opposition ‘cold-warm’ in the modern Russian language and reflect a person’s perception of temperature, which depends on many conditions, including geographical location and climate features. The material for this study comprised temperature nominations selected from explanatory dictionaries, synonym and antonym dictionaries. Acting as one of the means of describing the weather, temperature lexemes are an integral part of the vocabulary of the Russian language. We study this group of words from the point of view of their lexical meaning, belonging to the thematic group, typical collocations, as well as the use in texts of various functional styles. We come to a conclusion that the uniqueness of the semantic opposition ‘cold-warm’ related to the discourse of weather, is manifested in many metaphorical expressions reflecting the uniqueness of Russian culture and the peculiarities of the Russian people’s mentality. Most of the words that implement this opposition are antonyms, some of them express opposite meanings in set phrases. Sometimes their original meaning changes when they are part of such phrases. We note that lexical units that implement the semantic opposition ‘cold-warm’ and are used in the modern Russian language in a figurative sense can acquire a symbolic meaning. The article concludes that in the Russian language temperature nouns collocate with adjectives derived from toponyms. In the media texts these lexical units make it possible to express the author’s assessment not only of weather phenomena but also of political events. This article can be used as a basis for further research in this field.