Functional Status Of Neutrophils Research Articles

MICROFLORA OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND CONDITION OF ANTI-INFECTION PROTECTION FACTORS IN PERSONS USING DENTAL ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS (DOC)

Aim. To study the qualitative composition, the quantitative content of microorganisms, to assess the viability and functional status of neutrophils in the oral fluid of patients using removable and non-removable DOC. Materials and methods. The present study used a free oral fluid of 100 patients aged 21 to 79 years. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora was determined using the PCR method by means of the Femoflor-16 system (NPO DNA-technology, Russia). Determination of the total number of leukocytes was carried out in Goryaev's chamber, analysis of their viability was carried out with Trypan blue staining. Acridine orange was used to study the indices of lysosomal activity of neutrophils. Oxygendependent metabolism was studied using the Nitro Blue-Tetrazolium (NBT) test, and the phagocytic function was determined by the absorption of latex particles. Results. In persons using dentures, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity changes. The method of hygienic care of the DOC significantly does not affect the composition of the microflora of the oral fluid of patients. In persons using DOC, a decrease in the total number of leukocytes and their viable forms in the free oral fluid was established. However we registered the stability of functioning of viable neutrophils in patients with removable DOC and a significant decrease in the phagocytic ability and microbicidal oxygen-dependent potential of neutrophils when using non-removable DOC. Conclusion. Foreign body in the form of a removable or non-removable DOC changes the functioning of the factors of congenital anti-infective protection of the oral mucosa, which can lead to the development of infectious complications during dental prosthetics.

THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF INNATE IMMUNITY CELLS IN BACTERIAL INFECTION ON BACKGROUND OF THERMAL STRESS

Maintenance of thermo homeostasis under the coordinating influence of the hypothalamus is ensured by integrative interaction of various systems organisme, including the immune system. Temperature stress in infectious diseases activates the reaction of heat shock, the biochemical consequence of which is the initiation of the organism’s defense against the pathogen. Cells of innate immunity (neutrophils and macrophages) are the first line of protection against pathogenic agents and play a primary role in the development of bacterial infections. Of particular interest is the study of the duration of the effect of hyperthermia to achieve a balance between the bioenergetic costs of these cells, as well as the study of the course of the pathological process in an organism previously exposed to hige temperature. The functional status of neutrophils and macrophages, including phagocytosis, the activity of enzymes of the oxygen-dependent system: lactate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, myeloperoxidase, cellular stimulation (intracellular AMPase content) and the content of nitrogen oxide metabolites have been studied in the model of animals exposed to low and high temperatures. It has been established that under hyperthermia conditions, the change in the functional activity of cells by enzyme level is more pronounced than when exposed to animals with low temperature, especially 4 h exposure. In animals pre-exposed to heat stress, manifestations of pseudotuberculosis infection were more severe with an increase in mortality rates by 2.6 times, compared to animals infected by bacteria. These animals had a high stimulation of effector cells of inflammation in the initial periods (at 7 days) their metabolism was enhanced, which was expressed of the activity of enzymes of the oxygen-dependent system, as well as in high nitroxide-producing activity. In target organs (lung, liver, spleen) of experienced animals the severe disturbance of blood circulation in combination with significant destructive changes typical for generalized infection were showed. At dead animals on the background of marked hemorrhagic component pathological process and weak cell inflammatory response observed depletion of the immune system (delimphatization), indicating a decrease in defense reactions and the development of immunodeficiency. Thus, under conditions of heat stress (+30°С), the intensity of the reaction of innate immunity cells in terms of enzyme’s functional activity was higher than when exposed to animals of low temperature (+4°C). Under these temperature conditions, a high level of cell priming was determined, which reduced their killing potential. These data indicate the adequacy of the model used to reproduce induced secondary immunodeficiency in a congenital defense system. Moreover, in the pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis infection against the background of prolonged action high temperature, the effects of phagocytes oxidative stress in the structural changes of immunocompetent organs were detected.

The functional status of neutrophils in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and community-acquired pneumonia

The functional status of neutrophils in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and community-acquired pneumonia

Функциональное состояние нейтрофилов периферической крови при сахарном диабете 2 типа (обзор литературы)

Функциональное состояние нейтрофилов периферической крови при сахарном диабете 2 типа (обзор литературы)

The functional status of neutrophils in children with morbidity of chronic adenoiditis

Neutrophils have recently been attracting significant attention, due to appearance of new information on functional heterogeneity of this cell population that significantly determines pathways and features of pathological process. Objective: to determine morphological and functional features of neutrophils and structure of pharyngeal tonsil in children with adenoiditis and otitis media with effusion. Materials and Methods: In 38 children aged 3 to 7 years (25 - with uncomplicated chronic adenoiditis, 13 - with adenoiditis complicated with secretory otitis media) activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and activity of cationic proteins was determined in peripheral blood neutrophils by cytochemical methods; NBT test was performed. Relative area of follicles, diffuse lymphoid tissue, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, as well as the presence and composition of intraepithelial infiltration, type of surface epithelium was evaluated on histological specimens of biopsies obtained during adenotomy (10 - in patients with uncomplicated chronic adenoiditis, 13 - with chronic adenoiditis complicated with secretory otitis media). Results: Decrease of the relative area of follicles (p = 0.04) as well as decline of the activity of acid phosphatase in the blood neutrophils [0.26 (0.22, 0.32) vs 0.32 (0.28; 0.36); p = 0.03] was observed during complicated course of chronic adenoiditis compared to uncomplicated form of the disease. Activity of oxygen-dependent mechanisms of cytotoxicity of peripheral blood neutrophils, assessed in NBT-test, did not differ between children with complicated and uncomplicated course of chronic adenoiditis. Conclusion: Reduced neutrophil acid phosphatase activity with intact ability to generate reactive oxygen species may be one of the causative factors of chronic adenoiditis, subepithelial morphological rearrangements in lymphoid tissue and development of exudative otitis media.

Functional status of neutrophils at 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt intoxication

Aim. To study the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt subacute intoxication on the functional status of neutrophils. Methods. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt (42 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically during 28 days. The number of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, intensity of oxygen-dependent metabolism (spontaneous and induced tetrazolium test), absorbency, microbicidal activity of neutrophils in conditions of oxygen-dependent microbicidal factors functioning and sodium azide mediated blockade, the level of myeloperoxidase and cation proteins in neutrophils were registered at days 7th and 14th after the toxicant administration discontinuation. Results. Subacute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt intoxication resulted in leucopenia due to neutropenia, accompanied by inhibition of oxygen-dependent neutrophils killing as the result of peroxidase-independent microbicidal mechanisms suppression (reduced synthesis of oxygen active forms). A reduced activity of oxygen-independent killing mechanisms correlating with a decrease of cation proteins levels was also registered. On the 14 day, leucopenia was replaced by leukocytosis due to elevated numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. At the same time, the activity of both oxidative peroxidase-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal mechanisms in neutrophils continued to decrease, accompanied by reduction of mieloperoxidase activity, neutrophil absorbency and cation proteins levels. Conclusion. Subacute intoxication with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt leaded to quantitative and functional disorders in neutrophils that persisted by the 14 day of follow-up, indicating a need for further study of of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt immunotoxic action to find the possible opportunities for its pharmacological correction.

Влияние препарата Б-190 и интерлейкина-1β на динамику количества клеток периферической крови и функциональный статус нейтрофилов облученных мышей

The estimation of efficiency of consecutive application of radioprotector B-190 and interleukin-1beta administered at early times after acute irradiation by studying the changes of the number of peripheral blood leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as cytochemical research into the contents of glycogen, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils of the irradiated mice was carried out. It is established that administration of radioprotector B-190 at a doze of 50 mg/kg for 15 minutes before irradiation and interleukin-1beta at a doze of 50 mkg/kg for 15 minutes after irradiation reduces the expressiveness of post-irradiation leukopenia, accelerates restoration of the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, normalizes the functional status of neutrophils of irradiated mice to a greater degree than their isolated introduction.

Functional status of neutrophils during carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats

Aim. To study the damaging effect of acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication on the functional status of neutrophils in an experiment. Methods. The experiments were performed on 90 non-inbred white rats weighing 200-220 g; two groups were identified - experimental group and control group (45 animals in each). Carbon tetrachloride was administered intragastrically to the experimental group (1.25 ml/kg 50% solution in olive oil) for the duration of four days. Determined were the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, the intensity of the oxygen-dependent metabolism (through spontaneous and induced nitro blue tetrazolium test), the absorption and antimicrobial activity, the content of myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins in neutrophils. The results were recorded on the 7th, 14th and 28th day from the end of the toxicant administration. Results. On the 7th day in rats of the experimental group leukopenia was registered in the form of reduction in the number of lymphocytes, the inactivation index decreased, which was confirmed by reduction of the number of myeloperoxidase-positive cells and of the mean cytochemical coefficient; noted was a decrease in the absorptive capacity of neutrophils. On the 14th day leukopenia persisted, which was now in the form of an even decrease in the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes; with the continued decrease in the phagocytic index an increase in the number of cells involved in phagocytosis was registered. By the 28th day the number of lymphocytes increased in the presence of neutropenia; the decrease in the number of myeloperoxidase-positive cells and of the mean cytochemical coefficient in the myeloperoxidase system, reduction of the indices of the induced test with nitro blue tetrazolium and of the proportion of cells positive for cationic proteins persisted. Conclusion. Acute intoxication with carbon tetrachloride leads to profound dysfunction of neutrophils (leukopenia, decreased absorption and microbicidal activity of neutrophils, reduced myeloperoxidase activity and the content of cationic proteins), which is not eliminated by the 28th day of observation.

Neutrophilic Inflammation and CXC Chemokines in Patients with Refractory Asthma

Background: There is evidence that eosinophils and neutrophils are simultaneously increased in the airways of some patients with chronic refractory asthma. The mechanisms by which neutrophils accumulate in the airways of asthmatics remain to be elucidated, however, chemoattractants for neutrophils such as CXC chemokines may affect either the accumulation or functional status of neutrophils in such patients. The objective of the present study was to identify the CXC chemokine responsible for the neutrophilic and possibly eosinophilic inflammation observed in the airways of patients with refractory asthma. Methods: Following the inhalation of hypertonic saline, induced sputum was obtained from 14 healthy controls, 16 patients with mild well-controlled nonrefractory asthma, and 14 patients with refractory asthma. Concentrations of CXC chemokines and differential inflammatory cell counts were determined. Results: The percentages of induced sputum eosinophils were significantly higher both in patients with nonrefractory asthma and in patients with refractory asthma. On the other hand, the percentages of neutrophils were increased only in sputum from patients with refractory asthma. The concentration of IL-8, but not ENA-78 or GRO-α, was also significantly increased in induced sputum from patients with refractory asthma. The concentration of IL-8 correlated significantly with the percentages of neutrophils. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that IL-8, but not ENA-78 or GRO-α, may contribute to the observation of neutrophilic inflammation in patients with refractory asthma.

Relationship between the functional status of neutrophils and the intensity of peroxidation in the lungs in chronic bronchitis and ischemic heart disease

A relationship between the oxygen metabolism of circulating neutrophils and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in exhaled air condensate was studied in chronic bronchitis, ischemic heart disease, and in their combination. An increase in the functional reserve of neutrophils caused by ischemic heart disease promotes the realization of the bio-oxidant potential of these cells in the bronchoalveolar system and intensifies local processes of lipid peroxidation.

In vitro effects of GM-CSF on mature peripheral blood neutrophils.

GM-CSF can play a crucial role in regulating the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response. This growth factor is a proliferative stimulus for bone marrow neutrophil stem cell precursors and has at least 3 important roles in regulating neutrophil-mediated immunity: a) a direct effect on the proliferation and development of neutrophil progenitors; b) synergistic activity with other haemopoietic growth factors; c) stimulation of the functional activity of mature neutrophils. The production of GM-CSF may be triggered directly by exogenous factors such as antigens and endotoxins, or indirectly through the release of cytokines by a variety of cells including lymphocytes, activated macrophages and endothelial cells exposed to products of mononuclear phagocytes. Such production of GM-CSF may serve to quickly release mature neutrophils from the bone marrow in response to infections. Moreover, enhancement of the function of mature neutrophils may also augment their ability to migrate to infective sites and then phagocytose and kill pathogens. Increased expression of CD11b/CD18 may play a fundamental part in this mechanism because this receptor is essential for the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium. Both phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity increase as a result of the action of GM-CSF and the increased expression of complement- and Fc-receptors can augment opsono-phagocytosis. A further level of neutrophil up-regulation occurs by increasing the functional life span of neutrophils by GM-CSF. Thus, by delaying neutrophil apoptosis, GM-CSF greatly extends the time over which neutrophils may function at inflammatory sites. GM-CSF can thus exert a variety of important regulatory controls of neutrophil function during bacterial infections. Both the number and the functional status of neutrophils is highly regulated by GM-CSF. It is also possible that GM-CSF produced within localised sites of acute inflammation or infection may attract, trap and then activate neutrophils within this site.

Functional status of neutrophils and monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis

Phagocytes as an effector link of pathological immune reactions in rheumatoid arthritis, interacting with immune complexes, release into the environment lysosomal enzymes and oxygen radicals, which destroy synovial membrane and joint cartilage, which imparts autoantigenic properties to tissues. At the same time, neutrophils and monocytes phagocytize immune complexes and products of tissue destruction, contributing to their removal from the body. It can be assumed that in extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, when the above processes develop in other organs, blood phagocytes will be more active than in isolated joint syndrome.