Executive System Research Articles

Sistem Informasi Eksekutif Perpustakaan Dengan Fitur Drilldown Dan Analisis What-If

Every agency or company needs to adapt to information technology so that it can provide opportunities to increase its competitive advantage in the future. The use of technology has an impact on the activities of an agency or company, including executive information systems. The Library Executive Information System for UPA Perpustakaan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur is expected to be able to overcome existing problems. It is hoped that the construction of this system will be able to assist library executives in carrying out analysis and making decisions to improve library progress. This research implements the waterfall model system development method. System modeling is carried out using an object-oriented approach using UML. In this research, the system was built using the PHP programming language with the Codeigniter framework and testing used the black-box testing method. The output produced in this research is a web-based Library Executive Information System for the UPA Perpustakaan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur with drilldown and what-if analysis features. The features are as follows, drilldown is a feature to facilitate the classification of information to a more detailed level utilizing data on visits, loan transactions, returns and extensions, while what-if analysis is an uncertainty simulation that can calculate book borrowings in a certain year period as a consideration for additional copies of books.

Ground Manipulator Primitive Tasks to Executable Actions Using Large Language Models

Layered architectures have been widely used in robot systems. The majority of them implement planning and execution functions in separate layers. However, there still lacks a straightforward way to transit high-level tasks in the planning layer to the low-level motor commands in the execution layer. In order to tackle this challenge, we propose a novel approach to ground the manipulator primitive tasks to robot low-level actions using large language models (LLMs). We designed a program-function-like prompt based on the task frame formalism. In this way, we enable LLMs to generate position/force set-points for hybrid control. Evaluations over several state-of-the-art LLMs are provided.

Analysis of Motivation Factors and Employee Performance: The Role of Work Environment, Compensation, Career, and Self-Actualization

This research aims to analyze the factors affecting employee performance and provide recommendations to enhance it. The findings of this research are expected to contribute significantly to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This research adopts a quantitative approach and uses a survey method as the research design. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the influence of motivation factors such as work environment, compensation, career development, and self-actualization on employee performance. The research is conducted by collecting data from respondents who are employees in various organizations and companies in Makassar Employee performance is a critical element within an organization. Performance refers to the work outcomes or achievements accomplished by an employee. In this context, performance encompasses various indicators, including work motivation and employee behavior. However, initial observations suggest that employee performance, whether influenced by internal factors such as education and motivation, or external factors like experience and interactions, still tends to be relatively low. This subjectively impacts company management, especially in task execution and organizational functions.

Implementing Scrum in Executive Information System at University

Executive Information System is a type of system that provides information about reports generated by the system, assists executives in making necessary decisions, and provides easy access to information from both internal and external sources. This system aims to help specific organizations solve problems. The objective of this research is to design and develop a web-based executive information system that can provide access to student, faculty, and program data at the Faculty of Economics, Garut University, with data visualization in the form of graphs and numbers using the Scrum method. The Executive Information System can provide a real-time overview of data for executive-level individuals, namely the faculty leaders. Scrum is the development methodology used, with stages such as product backlog, sprint, daily scrum meeting, sprint review, and sprint retrospective. The results of this research have produced an Executive Information System that provides data on students, faculty, and programs. This system features functions such as filtering, drilldown, and importing. Testing results indicate the successful achievement of sprints on time or even ahead of schedule, and the team was able to meet targets in each sprint. In this research, the Scrum method has been effectively utilized in creating the executive information system. Therefore, this method can be employed to develop similar executive information systems in the future.

Effect of a closed-loop medication order executive system on safe medication administration at a tertiary hospital: a quasi-experimental study.

Closed-loop electronic medication management systems are effective measures for preventing medication errors (MEs). However, there is limited evidence supporting this, and few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of these systems on safe medication. To evaluate the long-term effects of implementing a closed-loop medication order executive system on the safe clinical use of medications. A quasi-experimental design. Data from 2017 to 2023 were extracted and retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome indicator was the ME rate. Secondary outcome indicators were the accuracy of order verification and patient identification and the implementation rate of fresh medicine dispensing. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in time-series analysis was used to evaluate the level and trend changes in ME rates using SPSS 25.0 before and after system implementation. Root cause analysis and descriptive statistics were used to assess changes in types, stages, and causes of ME rates. The independent samples t-test was used to analyze secondary outcomes. Overall, 295 MEs were reported with a mean of 0.26 ± 0.26 ME rates per month during 2017-2023. The ARIMA model showed a decrease in the average level of ME rates after system implementation, with no statistically significant decrease in the long term, and a significant drop in the ME rate in the short and medium term (p < 0.01). Nurses' administration accounted for more than 60% of errors post-implementation, and lack of communication was a prominent factor. The accuracy of order verification and patient identification and the implementation rate of fresh medicine dispensing all increased after implementation. Adopting a closed-loop executive system is beneficial for ensuring patient medication safety, but a single integrated system does not completely eliminate MEs. Optimizing system functionalities and applying structured handoff tools are recommended to meet clinical needs and enhance system usability.

Analysis of Executive Compensation Management Strategies of Multinational Enterprises in the Context of RMB Internationalization

Abstract This paper applies the EVA-based bonus incentive model and the EVA-based stock option incentive model to the executive compensation incentive system of multinational enterprise D and calculates the EVA amount by combining the profitability of multinational enterprise D and compares it with the net profit amount of the enterprise to obtain the difference between the two. In order to further investigate the relationship between the EVA amount and the net profit of multinational enterprises, the correlation hypothesis between executive compensation and the management of accrued surplus and the management of actual surplus is carried out, respectively. The countermeasures for the management of executive compensation in multinational enterprises under the background of the internationalization of the RMB are proposed according to the establishment of the research hypothesis. Executive compensation and accrued surplus management are negatively correlated, as shown by regression analysis, and an increase in the former will have a significant inhibitory impact on accrued surplus management behavior. There is a positive correlation between executive compensation and natural surplus management, and the significance level is 5%. This means that the increase in executive compensation has a promotion effect on natural surplus management.

Machine Learning Approaches to Malicious PowerShell Scripts Detection and Feature Combination Analysis

&lt;p&gt;With advances in communication technology, modern society relies more than ever on the Internet and various user-friendly digital tools. It provides access to and enables the manipulation of files, trips, and the Windows API. Attackers frequently use various obfuscation techniques PowerShell scripts to avoid detection by anti-virus software. Their doing so can significantly reduce the readability of the script. This work statically analyzes PowerShell scripts. Thirty-three features that were based on the script&amp;rsquo;s keywords, format, and string combinations were used herein to determine the behavioral intent of the script. Ones are characteristic-based features that are obtained by calculation; the others are behavior-based features that determine the execution function of behavior using keywords and instructions. Behavior-based features can be divided into positive behavior-based features, neutral behavior-based features, and negative behavior-based features. These three types of features are enhanced by observing samples and adding keywords. The other type of characteristic-based feature is introduced into the formula from other studies in this work. The XGBoost model was used to evaluate the importance of the features that are proposed in this study and to identify the combination of features that contributed most to the detection of PowerShell scripts. The final model with the combined features is found to exhibit the best performance. The model has 99.27% accuracy when applied to the validation dataset. The results clearly indicate that the proposed malicious PowerShell script detection model outperforms previously developed models.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Mechatronics system for solving SuDoKu puzzle based on Cartesian robot

The article describes an original solution of a mechatronic device with a Cartesian robot and a character recognition system for autonomous solving the SuDoKu puzzle. The device demonstrates the use of intelligent mechatronic devices for tasks that are difficult to algorithmize. The work contains a description of the mechanical executive system, including the motor apparatus of the system, a description of the electrical and information subsystem, and the software responsible for controlling the device in question. The OCR system operation principle, responsible for recognizing and locating characters on the SuDoKu board, is explained in the article. It also presents how to find a solution using the Backtracking algorithm. The results of testing the correct operation of the designed mechatronic system and estimating the execution time of individual test tasks are presented here.

A Strategic model of municipal solid waste minimization based on decision-making and public participation

Municipal waste management is a public issue with health, environmental, economic and social implications at the home, local, national and international levels, so the scope of management of this category is very wide and variable, for such an organization there is no other way but strategic management. This qualitative-quantitative study was done with the help of smart pls2 software with the aim of designing a strategic model of minimization of solid waste management through maximum participation of citizens and stakeholders in decision making. It can be acknowledged that the optimal participation of all internal and external stakeholder organizations and citizens in the policy and executive systems of waste management is very important in order to achieve the goal of quality improvement. In this way, it has been tried to establish a two-way relationship between the citizens and the private sector with the public sector through the participation of all sectors. So, the final consumers of waste, can interact with the municipalities through councillors and community center and provide to reduce waste mechanisms to receive citizens' opinions and attract citizens' participation. In fact, cities and municipalities should not try to do everything alone.

Neurofeedback in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with early cerebral small vessel disease

To compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NFB) at infra-low and alpha frequencies in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with early cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). The study included 71 patients (average age 52.8±6.3 years, men 15%, women 85%) with early cSVD and 21 healthy volunteers (average age 53.2±4.8 years, men 29%, women 71%). All participants were assessed for clinical manifestations and cognitive functions, brain MRI, and EEG. cSVD patients were randomized by an envelope method with double-blind placebo control. Three groups of neurofeedback were formed: infra-low waves (n=25), alpha waves (n=22), simulated neurofeedback using EEG (placebo) (n=24). Fifteen sessions of 30 minutes were conducted 2-5 times a week. The cognitive profile and EEG were assessed immediately and 6-8 weeks after completion of the neurofeedback course. Patients with early cSVD had subjective (65%) and moderate (35%) cognitive impairment with predominant deviations in the components of executive brain functions (EBF). Neurofeedback using infra-low waves significantly improved EBF in the components of productivity, switching and inhibition, non-verbal delayed memory immediately after the course, maintaining the effect for at least 6-8 weeks, which was accompanied by an increase in the power (μB2) of the alpha rhythm in the occipital regions. Neurofeedback using alpha waves showed improvement in the Stroop test (interference index) in the delayed period. In patients with early cSVD and deterioration of EBF, it is preferable to conduct biofeedback neurotraining at infra-low frequencies to treat cognitive impairment and create a cognitive reserve. An increase in the power of the alpha rhythm in the occipital regions during the course can be considered a prognostic marker of its effectiveness.

Effect of alcohol-dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men: Preliminary results

Objectives: The understanding of the relationship between alcohol-related neuropathology, cognitive impairment, and various factors such as alcohol consumption, thiamine levels, and age vulnerability is still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of alcohol dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men with psycho-biochemical evidence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study with a comparison group including 82 right-handed participants with and without alcohol dependence (n = 41 each). Alcohol dependence was diagnosed clinically by the International Classification of Disease Tenth Edition along with the use of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) and cognitive screening tests, that is, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The serum levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The MoCA scores, MMSE scores, and serum thiamine levels were significantly low for alcohol-dependent men (1509.43 ± 898.63 pmol/L) versus non-alcohol-dependent men (1862.81 ± 741.30 pmol/L; P = 0.021). The cognitive sub-domains including orientation, execution, calculation, visuoconstructional skills, and recall functions were also significantly (P &lt; 0.05) affected for the alcohol-dependent patients when compared to non-alcohol-dependent men. Serum thiamine levels showed a positive (P &lt; 0.05) correlation with MoCA scores whereas serum thiamine levels showed a significant (P &lt; 0.05) negative correlation with AUDIT scores. Conclusion: Based on the significant positive association between serum thiamine levels with MoCA scores; therefore, both may be used as a screening tool for the early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.

Impact of Mobile Games-Aided Neurorehabilitation: A Systematic Literature Review.

Neurological rehabilitation is a physician-supervised programme for individuals with nervous system diseases, injuries or disorders. Neurological rehabilitation, also known as neurorehabilitation, is part of the rehabilitation process that improves function, reduces severity and enhances a patient's well-being. Because neurological injuries occur in the brain, spine and nerves, affecting multiple body parts including organs, blood vessels, muscles and bones, rehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of mobile game in neurorehabilitation. The steps undertaken in the literature review included the collection, identification, categorisation, summarisation and synthesis of relevant studies in the research domain. A total of 50 related articles were reviewed. The study identified that the effects on cognitive skills, handgrip strength, memory, attention, visuospatial abilities, executive function tasks, motor functionality, and improvements in balance, visual perception, and functional mobility are impacts of the use of mobile games in neurological rehabilitation. Furthermore, several research challenges and recommendations for future research were identified.

Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program in outpatient drug and alcohol settings in Australia.

There has been a growing call for drug and/or alcohol dependence to be managed as a chronic condition. The Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program (Flinders Program) was implemented in a drug and alcohol service in Australia in 2019-2022 to explore the feasibility of chronic condition management in outpatient clinics. Implementation involved: adaptation of the Flinders Program; adaptation of clinical procedures; training clinicians and managers; training Flinders Program Accredited Trainers; and system integration. This study aims to explore barriers and enablers to implementation. A qualitative formative evaluation was undertaken. Data included implementation documents (n = 7), responses to open-ended questions in post-training surveys (n = 27), and focus groups and interviews with implementation staff, clinicians, managers and a trainer (n = 16). Data were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research in a 'coding reliability' approach to thematic analysis. Participants responded positively to the Flinders Program's philosophy, processes, tools and training. However, barriers were identified across three Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains: (i) outer setting (client suitability and incompatibility with external policies and incentives); (ii) characteristics of individuals (low self-efficacy); and (iii) inner setting (lack of system and workflow integration). Executive support and systems integration are important for the implementation of the Flinders Program in drug and alcohol services. This needs to be achieved within externally mandated key performance indicators for outpatient services. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the potential of a chronic condition management framework in Australian outpatient drug and alcohol services.

Digital inclusive finance and corporate ESG performance: The moderating role of executives with financial backgrounds

Utilizing empirical data from A-share listed corporations on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges of China between 2011 and 2021. It empirically examines the impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on corporate ESG performance and explores the mediating function of executives with financial backgrounds. The research findings are below: (1) DIF considerably improves corporate ESG performance, consistently validated across a spectrum of robustness tests; (2) DIF's beneficial impact on business ESG performance is reduced by the influence of executives with financial backgrounds (3) The positive influence on corporate ESG performance is particularly evident for mid-western enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises.

Criminal and Administrative Legal Characteristics of Offenses in The Field of Countering Drug Trafficking: Insights from Ukraine

&lt;em&gt;Drug addiction in Ukraine has been showing signs of an epidemic and represents one of the potential threats to Ukraine's national security. This article highlights the regulation of the ratio of criminal and administrative liability as to countering offences in the sphere of trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors. The research method is presented as comparative-legal (legislation of Ukraine, Holland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland) and systematic analysis. The sanctions for drug crimes provided for in the legislation, countries are divided into three groups, namely hard policy group, strict control group, and liberal group. Summing up the analysis of the legal regulation of the fight against drug crime in different countries, it should be noted that international legal acts govern most countries' legislation. At the same time, the legislation and executive system of punishments of various states in combating drug crimes are specific, due not so much to the country's national characteristics but to the concretely formed criminogenic situation in this area.&lt;/em&gt;

A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Early Interventional Techniques on Self-Esteem

Background: specific learning disability (SLD) as it is known is an aberration in the underpinning psychological process that exhibits itself in the flawed ability to think, listen, talk, read, and write. It can also be connected to spelling difficulties, mathematical derivations, and calculations. It tends to be related to cognitive impairments or brain injuries spurred by neurological disarray, aphasia, or additional problems.Aim: this specific review aims to summarise interventional techniques, stability of individual self-esteem, other societal-related skills, academic skills, and others among children with SLD. It is necessary to determine which interventional strategies can be implemented to assist kids with SLD issues identified in schools or academic centres to enhance their self-esteem, social skills and academic achievements.Methods: the articles were searched in databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL with Boolean like “specific learning disabilities children” AND “intervention” OR “Self-esteem”, “Social skills” AND “Academic achievements”.Results: in the empirical studies, five objects were identified as appropriate for the research. Many types of interventions have been used to assess appreciation or liking for self-esteem, social skills, and vital academic skills among children of SLD.Children who underwent an experimental program receiving the Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment Program reflected an increase in some of the cognitive functions. The student’s ability to execute data processing approaches during their academic activities hasimproved when the ability to recall, perceive, schedule, and executive intervention system is combined with other quadrant paradigms. Significant advancement was noticed in self-esteem, social skills and academic excellence. All these were possible due to a positive approach to the intervention. Conclusions: in the evaluation review, the researcher highlights how children with SLD perform better and that the positive psychological interventions examined have entirely eradicated all of their adverse effects. In this regard, there is a requirement to provide inclusive education for kids with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and for persevering with SLD-related experimentation procedures

Neuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence.

Opioid use disorder is characterized by excessive use of opioids, inability to control its use, a withdrawal syndrome upon discontinuation of opioids, and long-term likelihood of relapse. The behavioral stages of opioid addiction correspond with affective experiences that characterize the opponent process view of motivation. In this framework, active involvement is accompanied by positive affective experiences which gives rise to "reward craving," whereas the opponent process, abstinence, is associated with the negative affective experiences that produce "relief craving." Relief craving develops along with a hypersensitization to the negatively reinforcing aspects of withdrawal during abstinence from opioids. These negative affective experiences are hypothesized to stem from neuroadaptations to a network of affective processing called the "extended amygdala." This negative valence network includes the three core structures of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc shell), in addition to major inputs from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). To better understand the major components of this system, we have reviewed their functions, inputs and outputs, along with the associated neural plasticity in animal models of opioid withdrawal. These models demonstrate the somatic, motivational, affective, and learning related models of opioid withdrawal and abstinence. Neuroadaptations in these stress and motivational systems are accompanied by negative affective and aversive experiences that commonly give rise to relapse. CeA neuroplasticity accounts for many of the aversive and fear-related effects of opioid withdrawal via glutamatergic plasticity and changes to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons. Neuroadaptations in BNST pre-and post-synaptic GABA-containing neurons, as well as their noradrenergic modulation, may be responsible for a variety of aversive affective experiences and maladaptive behaviors. Opioid withdrawal yields a hypodopaminergic and amotivational state and results in neuroadaptive increases in excitability of the NAc shell, both of which are associated with increased vulnerability to relapse. Finally, BLA transmission to hippocampal and cortical regions impacts the perception of conditioned aversive effects of opioid withdrawal by higher executive systems. The prevention or reversal of these varied neuroadaptations in the extended amygdala during opioid withdrawal could lead to promising new interventions for this life-threatening condition.

Deficient central mechanisms in tinnitus: Exploring the impact on speech comprehension and executive functions

Many individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus report significant problems in comprehending speech in adverse listening situations. A large body of studies has provided evidence to support the notion that deficits in speech-in-noise (SIN) are prevalent in the tinnitus population, while some studies have challenged these findings. Elemental auditory perception is usually only minimally or not impaired. In addition, deficits in cognitive functions, particularly executive functions, have also been observed in individuals with tinnitus. Given these previous findings, we theorize that deficient central mechanisms may be responsible for the reported speech comprehension problems in tinnitus.25 participants suffering from chronic subjective tinnitus and 25 control participants, between 23 and 58 years of age, were examined in a cross-sectional design. The groups were case-matched for age, sex, education, and hearing loss. A large audiometric battery was used ranging from threshold and supra-threshold tasks to spoken sentence level speech tasks. Additionally, four cognitive tests were performed, primarily covering the area of executive functions. Tinnitometry and tinnitus-related questionnaires were applied to complement sample description and allow for secondary analyses. We hypothesized that tinnitus participants score lower in complex speech comprehension tasks and executive function tasks compared to healthy controls, while no group differences in elementary audiometric tasks were expected.As expected, individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus scored lower in the SIN and gated speech task, while there were no differences in the basic speech recognition threshold task and the other elementary auditory perception tasks. The cognitive tests revealed clear deficits in interference control in the Stroop task, but not in the Flanker task, in the tinnitus group. There were no differences in inhibition or working memory tasks.Our results clearly delineate differences between tinnitus individuals and control participants in two tests on speech intelligibility under adverse listening conditions. Further, the poorer performance in a task of interference control in individuals with tinnitus points towards an impaired central executive control in individuals with tinnitus. Taken together, our (partly) exploratory study provides novel evidence to the view that deficient central executive system in individuals with tinnitus probably account for impaired speech comprehension.

Prefrontal activation when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step

BackgroundThe present study investigated neural mechanisms for suppressing a highly automatic balance recovery step. Response inhibition has typically been researched using focal hand reaction tasks performed by seated participants, and this has revealed a neural stopping network including the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG). It is unclear if the same neural networks contribute to suppressing an unwanted balance reaction. Research questionIs there greater IFG activation when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step? MethodsFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure brain activity in 21 young adults as they performed a balance recovery task that demanded rapid step suppression following postural perturbation. The hypothesis was that the IFG would show heightened activity when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step. A lean and-release system was used to impose temporally unpredictable forward perturbations by releasing participants from a supported forward lean. For most trials (80%), participants were told to recover balance by quickly stepping forward (STEP). However, on 20% of trials at random, a high-pitch tone was played immediately after postural perturbation signaling participants to suppress a step and fully relax into a catch harness (STOP). This allowed us to target the ability to cancel an already initiated step in a balance recovery context. Average oxygenated hemoglobin changes were contrasted between STEP and STOP trials, 1–6 s post perturbation. ResultsThe results showed a greater bilateral prefrontal response during STOP trials, supporting the idea that executive brain networks are active when suppressing a balance recovery step. SignificanceOur study demonstrates one way in which higher brain processes may help us prevent falls in complex environments where behavioral flexibility is necessary. This study also presents a novel method for assessing response inhibition in an upright postural context where rapid stepping reactions are required.

Configuration of the action observation network depends on the goals of the observer

Observing the actions of others engages a core action observation network (AON) that includes the bilateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (Caspers et al., 2010). Each region in the AON has functional properties that are heterogeneous and include representing the perceptual properties of action, predicting action outcomes and making inferences as to the goals of the actor. Critically, recent evidence shows that neural representations within the pSTS are sharpened when attending to the kinematics of the actor, such that the top-down guided attention reshapes underlying neural representations. In this study we evaluate how attention alters network connectivity within the AON as a system. Cues directed participant's attention to the goal, kinematics, or identity depicted in short action animations while brain responses were measured by fMRI. We identified those parcels within the AON with functional connectivity modulated by task. Results show that connectivity between the right pSTS and right IFC, and bilateral extended STS (STS+) were modulated during action observation such that connections were strengthened when the participant was attending to the action than goal. This finding is contrasted by the univariate results, which no univariate modulations in these brain regions except for right IFC. Using the functional networks defined by Yeo et al. (2011), we identified the parcels that are modulated by the attention to consist mainly of the fronto-parietal control network and default mode networks. These results are consistent with models of top-down feedback from executive system in the IFC to pSTS and implicates a right lateralized dual pathway model for action observation when focused on whole-body kinematics.