Functions Of Code-switching Research Articles

The Analysis of Code Switching Found In the Novel “Critical Eleven”

This paper is entitled “The Analysis Code Switching Found in The Novel “Critical Eleven”. The aims of this study are to describe the types, function and to the analyse reasons of code switching used by the novelist. The data in this study were taken from all chapters of the novel entitled “Critical Eleven”by Ika Natassa. Firstly, the code switching that occurs in novel were identified and then they were classified and analyzed based on their types, function, and reasons of code switching. The collected data were analyzed using three theories; first the theory by Poplack as the main theory used in this study; this theory was used to analyze the three types of code swtching, they are: Tag Switching, Inter-Sentental Switching, Intra-Sentential Switching. The second theory proposed by Apple and Muyken was used to anlyze the function of code switching. They divided the functions into six categories, which are: Referential Function, Directive Function, Expressive Function, Phatic Function, Metalinguistic Function, Poetic Function. The theory proposed by Grosjean was used to analyze the reason of code switching. There are ten reasons of code switching; they are: To Fill A Linguistic Need For Lexical Item, Set Phrase, Discouse Marker Or Sentence Filler,To Continue Last Language Used (Triggering}, To Qoute Someone, To Emphasize, To Spesify Speaket Addressee, To Qualify Message: Amplify Or Emphasize, To Specify Speaker Involvement, To Mark And Emphasize Group Identity (Solidarity), To Convey Confidentially, Anger, Annoyance, To Exclude Someone From Conversation, To Change Role Of Speaker: Rise Status, Add Authority, Show Expertise.But from the six functions of code switching applied, there are only five functions of code switching found in the novel; they are Referential Function, Expressive Function, Phatic Function, Metalinguistic Function And Poetic Function. And based on the reasons of code switching, there were only seven which were found in the novel”Critical Eleven”; they are To Fill A Linguistic Need For Lexical Item, To Continue The Last Language Used (Triggering), To Quote Someone, Specify Addressee, To Specify Speaker Involvement, To Mark And Emphasize Group Identify (Solidarity) And To Convey Confidentially, Anger, And Annoyance.

The Use of Code-Switching by EFL Saudi University and School Teachers

It is common to hear bilinguals‟ code-switch two languages when speaking in different situations. In bilingual classrooms such as Saudi ones where most of the individuals have the knowledge of two languages, the linguistic phenomenon of combining languages is quite common. While teaching English as foreign language, Teachers do code-switch in the classroom and reasons for may be that for Clarification, Translation, Checking Understanding, Repetitive Functions, Linguistic Competence, and Giving Instructions Effectively. Despite the significance of the phenomenon, the reasons for teachers‟ code-switching in bilingual classroom discourse have not been investigated in Saudi although the research on the same issue has been carried out in the developed countries in the context quite different from the one existing in Saudi classrooms. The main purpose of the study was to identify the significance of each function of codeswitching by observing why they code-switch and what specific pedagogical functions code-switching serves in the classrooms and note taking during the classes. Quantitative study based on observation, recording and note taking was conducted to ascertain the teachers‟ awareness about the functions of code-switching. Moreover, recording used in this study was to capture the actual instances of code-switchingas used in normal conversational setting in the study. This study, attempts to highlight and explain some of the reasons of code-switching in the foreign language classroom. In short, this paper has made an attempt to better understand the trends of code-switching in Saudi EFL classrooms.

Code Switching In Classroom Discourse: A Sociolinguistic Study

This research attempts to find out the most frequently used type and the function of codeswitching, also the implication of code-switching towards the teaching and learning situation in two classrooms of the fourth semester at English Education Department, University of Mataram. The descriptive qualitative method was adopted in conducting this method. The data collection was done through observation, recording and interview. The results of this study showed that three are types of code-switching are found in 129 utterances which contain code-switching in the classrooms. The most frequently used type was Intra-sentential switching, which appeared in 70,5% of the utterances, followed by tag switching (16,2%) and inter-sentential switching (13,1%). There were two functions of code-switching found in this study, they ware translation and communicative function which included motivating, giving feedback, checking comprehension, joking, and expressing state of mind. The implication of code-switching in teaching and learning situation was considered as one of the good strategies to built an efficient and conducive teaching and learning situation in the classrooms, as it is necessary in certain condition and still hard to avoid since it is helpful for material explanation as well as an ice breaker.

CODE SWITCHING ANALYSIS IN THE NOTES MADE BY THE SALES ASSISSTANTS IN RIPCURL

Language is very important means of communication. It is used to communicate and to give information to others. There are many languages in the world that people can choose their interaction. Choosing one proper language in communication is very important to avoid misunderstanding. People have to choose a particular language and or decide to switch from one to another. The switch from one language to the other one called as code switching. Code switching may occurred in many areas. One of them is tourism area. Thus, this research is design to identify the types of code switching, to analyze the function of the code switching and to find out the factors led the sales assistants code-switch. The data was taken from the log book of Ripcurl (surf shop) that is written by the sales assistants. The data was collected through observation method through note taking techniques. The log book was read and the expressions represent the use of code switching were noted. After the data collected, they were analyzed. Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The analysis was conducted through several steps. First, the theory proposed by Poplack (1989) was used to classify the types of code switching produced by Nusa Dua Ripcurl log book. Furthermore, the theory of the function of code switching developed by Apple and Muysken (1987:118-120) was used to analyzed the function of code switching.
 Keywords: code switching, log book note

Prestige of products and code-switching in retail encounters

ABSTRACTThe study examined code-switching in retail encounters involving sales personnel of cars, credit cards, beauty products, and food products with a Chinese customer. Altogether 27 retail encounters were audio-taped and transcribed. Analysis of the 14,944-word corpus was conducted using Gumperz’s [(1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] model of conversational code-switching. The results showed that English and Hokkien were the main base languages for retail encounters involving a Chinese customer who could not speak Mandarin. English marked prestige of products, notably car and credit card, whereas beauty and food products were promoted in Hokkien or Malay. The main code-switching functions were referential functions and interjections (41.57% and 39.36% of 907 instances, respectively). The most common referential function was product description. Reiteration accounted for 9.92% of the code-switching instances but message qualification, personalisation versus objectivisation, address specification, and situational code-switching were minimally present. Product type did not influence frequency of code-switching for interjection but it affected referential functions and reiteration. Referential function was the least frequent in credit card retail encounters and reiteration was the most frequent in food retail encounters. The findings on the high frequency of reiterations and the minimal use of code-switching for personalisation showed that clarity is more important than solidarity in retail encounters.

ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE BAHASA JAWA DALAM PENGAJIAN SELAPANAN DUSUN GEDANGAN DESA NGARGOSOKA

This study aims to describe the form of code switching and mixed language code, the function of code switching and Javanese language code mixing, and the factors behind code switching and Javanese language code mixing in the recitation of the Selapanan Gedangan Hamlet, Ngargosoka Village. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The research data is in the form of a unit of events in the form of sentences or paragraphs which contain code switching and code mixing. The data source of this research is the use of language in the selapanan recitation of Gedangan hamlet, Ngargosoka village. The instruments in this study were researchers who were provided with a set of knowledge related to the form of code switching and code mixing. The method of data collection uses reading techniques and note taking techniques. The data analysis method used is the refer method. The data analysis technique uses matching techniques that are realized by basic techniques. The basic technique used in this study is the determining element (PUP) technique. The results of this study indicate that the form of Javanese code switching in the recitation of the Selapanan of Gedangan hamlet in Ngargosoka village was divided into three, namely: a) code switching from the Javanese language into a variety of Krama in Indonesian, b) code switching from Javanese to various types of ngoko , c) code switching from Javanese in the form of ngoko into Javanese in a variety of manners. The function of Javanese code switching in the recitation of the Selapanan of Gedangan hamlet in Ngargosoka village is as follows: a) more persuasive to invite or order, b) more argumentative, c) more communicative. The factors behind the Javanese language code switching in the Selapanan Gedangan hamlet in Ngargosoka village are: a) speakers, b) politeness and politeness, c) the subject matter (topic), d) versus speech, e) to generate a sense of humor, f) to just prestigious. Mixing the Javanese language code in the recitation of the Selapanan Gedangan hamlet, Ngargosoka village is divided into two forms, namely: a) basic word forms, and b) repetitive word forms. The function of interfering with the Javanese language code in the recitation of the Selapanan in the Gedangan hamlet of Ngargosoka village is as follows. a) more argumentative, b) more communicative, and c) more prestigious or prestigious. The factors behind the Javanese language code mix in the recitation of the Selapanan in Gedangan hamlet, Ngargosoka village are: a) politeness, and b) explain and interpret.

Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy for the Bilingual Saudi Speakers at Jouf University.

Besides to the communicative function of language there is the social function which shows the role that language plays in society. This can be noted in sociolinguistics through code switching. The main purpose of the case study is to investigate and understand the functions of Arabic-English code switching among the bilingual Saudi speakers in Jouf University from a sociolinguistic perspective. The case study was carried out qualitatively. This paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of the code switching of four bilingual Saudi speakers living in Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through observation, audio taping and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that there are four communicative functions of Arabic-English code switching among bilingual Saudi speakers i.e. to quote, to show off, to change topics and to express feelings.

Socio-pragmatic Functions of Code-switching in Latino Essays. A Case Study on Bilingual Pragmatic Markers in Susana Chávez-Silverman’s Killer Crónicas (2004)

This paper contributes to the general discussion on the value of written data for the study of phenomena typical of orality, and wants to provide a better understanding of the social and linguistic functions of code-switching in Chicano narratives. It looks into the use of bilingual pragmatic marker pairs in Susana Chavez-Silverman’s essays Killer Cronicas (2004). Two case studies are dedicated to pragmatic expressions that focus on the direct interaction between the speaker–writer and hearer–reader, namely the epistemic markers you know/sabes and the metadiscursive parentheticals I swear/te lo juro. It is shown that, besides supporting well thought literary effects, the use of pragmatic markers in this volume mirrors surprisingly well their use in monolingual and bilingual spoken discourse. As a consequence, due to its high degree of orality, the text of Chavez-Silverman can be considered as a complementary source for the study of code-switching in spoken language.

Intra and Intersentential Code-switching Phenomena in Modern Malay Songs

Code-switching has been used in many languages by many different groups of people or speech communities, but little is known about how and why they are used as communicative strategies in modern song lyrics. This paper aims to explore and describe the recent phenomenon of English code-switching in modern Malay songs. 25 modern Malay songs were selected and analysed using Content Analysis. The analysis was made based on Poplack’ Theory as well as the functions of code-switching proposed by Appel and Musyken. Two types of code-switching commonly used in modern Malay songs were discovered. They were intrasentential and intersentential code-switching. The classification of the functions of code-switching was then made based on the six functions of code-switching, which are referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic. The findings of this research also indicate other functions of code-switching that demonstrate bilingual creativity among songwriters in Malaysia. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that code switching in Modern Malay songs is not just a random switch from one code to another but carries certain social functions that emphasize on the establishment of people’s intimacy, solidarity and local identity. Keywords: Code-switching; Intrasentential; Intersentential; Referential; Directive; Expressive; Phatic; Metalinguistic; Modern Malay Songs

Code Switching on Students’ Group Presentation in EFL Classroom

The study aimed to find out the functions of code switching used by the lecturer and the students during group presentation, and the lecturer and the students’ perception toward the use of code switching in EFL classroom during group presentation. This study is a qualitative research design. The subjects of the study were an English lecturer and three students in second semester of STKIP Muhammadiyah Bone, which were taken through convenience sampling technique. The data of this study were collected by employing classroom observation and interview. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively by using three steps, namely reducing, describing, and classifying. The result of the research showed that the lecturer employed code switching in EFL classroom during the students’ group presentation for some functions, namely to emphasize the important point, to reinforce a request, to ease of expression, to change of attitude relationship, checking for students’ understanding, lapses, self-correction, and speech connective. To emphasize the important point and reinforce a request became most frequently used by the lecturer. There were five functions of code switching used by the students during group presentation, namely to emphasize the important point, to suit the domain knowledge, to reinforce a request, to change of attitude relationship, and to self-correction. To suit the domain knowledge became the most frequently used by the students. The lecturer and the students’ perception towards the use of code switching in EFL classroom during group presentation were mostly positive. The lecturer and the students need code switching in teaching and learning English because it can make them easy to understand and comprehend from the material given. Code switching also effective in enlarging the students’ vocabulary, helped them to learn English, made them be more active in classroom interaction and influenced their fluency in speaking English.

The function of code-switching in Japanese native speakers residing in Korea

The function of code-switching in Japanese native speakers residing in Korea

Utilizing of Code-Switching by Teacher in Teaching English at Grade XI MIA 1 SMAN 1 Sungai Penuh

This research studied about how code-switching used by the teacher in classroom as alternative language in English subject. The subject of this research is one of teacher in SMAN 1 Sungai Penuh. The aim of this study were to analyze teacher’s language use in classroom by looking what kind of code that is chosen and what functions teacher do code-switching. The data was gained from videotape which recorded during English class. Based on data analysis of teacher’s script indicated that there are three kinds of language use in sentences: Pure English, Pure Indonesian and Mixing English-Indonesian. It was also obtained there are some functions of code-switching in teaching, namely, organizing the classroom inserting humor, clarifying information, increasing students' comprehension, and presenting the content of the material.

Exploring the Functions of Code-Switching in a Zhuhai’s Middle School

The present study focuses on the use and functions of code-switching in a Zhuhai’s middle school. By means of class recording and class observance, the paper finds out that teachers mainly speak Putonghua and English in the English classrooms, though Zhuhai is a city in China, close to Macau and Hong Kong and its main dialect is Cantonese. Additionally, totally six functions of code-switching are discovered in the English class, they are, translating, economizing, maintaining class discipline, affective functions, checking understanding, and topic switch, all of which are helpful to English teaching.

AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING OF HOUSEKEEPING TEACHER’S TALKS OF “ILHAM CRUISE SHIP TRAINING CENTER MAGELANG” BATCH 16

Housekeeping is brand new material that the students have never had before. The language that is used to deliver the material is English, but it is English for Specific Purpose which designed to meet specific needs of the learners. So, there are a lot of new terms that the students hear for the first time. Moreover, the students have different capability in acquiring the material. The students sometimes cannot understand the material and it leads to a boring classroom situation. Besides, the students’ lack of vocabulary and the teacher still finds difficulties in choosing the right words to explain the materials. In this case, switching language used in classroom with the language that the students easily understand helps a lot. Code switching has various types and functions, and they are very useful. The objectives of the study are to know what types and functions of code switching used by the housekeeping teacher’s talks of “Ilham Cruise Ship Training Center Magelang” batch 16. This is a descriptive qualitative research that focuses on the Housekeeping teacher’s talks as the subject. The writer deals with the documentation of the teaching learning activities which obtained on November 6th until November 22nd 2017. The data collection is started by observing, taking notes, recording, and interviewing the teacher about his purpose of using code-switching in the classroom interaction.The findings show that there are two types of code switching based on Wardhaugh’s theory (2015), namely Situational switching and Metaphorical switching. Meanwhile, there are six functions of code switching according to Sampson (2012). They are code switching as equivalence function as metalanguage function as floor holding function), as reiteration function as socializing function and as L2 avoidance function.

ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM KOMUNITAS MAHASISWA PERANTAUAN ACEH DI YOGYAKARTA

The aims of this study are to describe and explain the form of code switching and code mixing, to identify the factors of code switching and code mix and to identify the purpose and function of code switching and code mixing in the Acehnese students in Yogyakarta. This is descriptive qualitative research by sociolinguistic approach. The method used in this research is observation method and record technique. The data of this research are the speechs of Acehnese students who are studying in Yogyakarta which contains of code switching and code mixing. Data were identified and classified and then analyzed by existing sociolinguistic theory.The results show that: first, the form of code transfer in Acehnese student communication in Yogyakarta includes the switch of code from Acehnese Language to Indonesian and the switch of code from Indonesian to Aceh; second, the form of mixed code in the form of insertion of words, phrases, and clauses; third, the factors of code switching and code mixing are speakers, participants, third speakers, speech mode and discussion topics; fourth, the purpose and function of code switching and code mixing in the Acehnese students are to familiarize the situation, to make a sense of humor, to look prestigious, to respect the other person and to tell the secret.Key words : Code Switching, Code Mixing, Sociolinguistic

Hey, baby, ¿Qué Pasó?: Performing bilingual identities in Texan popular music

This study analyzes Spanish-English code-switching in the music of the Texas Tornados, a bilingual-bicultural San Antonio band. Their entire repertoire was transcribed and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to ascertain the form and functions of code-switching. We found that 39% of songs included language mixing, with English being the most frequent matrix language and Spanish lexical insertions and inter-sentential switches prevailing. Lexical insertions are used to exoticize songs and for humorous effect, while inter-sentential code-switching presents similar ideas in sequence demonstrating high poetic virtuosity. Such artistic use of language represents the subaltern status of Spanish, reflecting the sociolinguistic reality of Texas.

How Should Teachers View Learner Code Switching in Second/ Foreign Language Classrooms?

This article aims to discuss functions of code switching in second and foreign language classrooms. The discussion focuses on learner (as opposed to teacher) code switching in classrooms in which the learners share the same language background. It explores the extent to which code switching plays the roles in enabling students to achieve the pedagogical goals. Also, it attempts to find the place of the functions in the notion of language learning strategy. For second language teaching and learning, the discussion is expected raise teachers’ awareness of the patterns and functions the code switching may have in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the paper is specifically addressed to teachers of second or foreign language as it will expectedly widen the teachers’ horizon on the fact of code switching existing in language classrooms and help the teachers cope with the phenomenon.

Code Switching in Jimmy Oentoro’s Sermon “Hidup Dalam Pengaruh Roh Kudus”

This research entitled “An Analysis of Code Switching in sermon Hidup Dalam Pengaruh Roh Kudus By Jimmy Oentoro.” The sermon is taken from U-Channel Television Program Lives Full Live which aired on the 2nd of June 2015. This research is conducted to answer the research questions on types of code switching and their functions in Jimmy Oentoro’s sermon “Hidup Dalam Pengaruh Roh Kudus. This study is descriptive, which is tried to describe the types and the functions of code switching that found in this sermon. This research used the theory of Wardaugh and Hoffman in types of code switching, and also theory of Gumperz in functions of code switching. This study is also called qualitative method because the data are collected and analyzed in words or descriptively used the theory of Bodgan and Biklen. The result showed that in his sermon, the most types of code switching commonly found is intra-sentential. Futhermore, the functions of code switching that most commonly found is reiteration. The speaker of this sermon used Indonesian-English code switching and vice versa.KEYWORDS:Sociolinguistic, code switching, kinds of code switching, function of code switching

Competing Standpoints of Code-Switching in Classroom Instruction of the Pre-Service Secondary Teachers

The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the types and functions of code-switching in the discourse utterance of the twenty four pre-service secondary teachers in English, Math and Science in classroom instruction, and to investigate the participants’ different standpoints in the use of code-switching in classroom instruction. To achieve the purpose of the study, the documented classroom observations and individual in-depth interviews served as the multiple tools that led towards achieving the goals of the study. After a careful analysis of data, the results revealed that among the types of code-switching employed by the participants in classroom instruction, intra-sentential was the most regular type used, followed by intersentential code-switching. The least among the types used was tag. The result further revealed that among the functions of code-switching, addressee specification came out to be the function most used by the participants. It was followed by reiteration. The third in rank among the functions was message qualification. Direct quotation was found in a very minimal instance. Personalization or objectivization was never found in the analysis of transcripts in the three content areas. From the positive and negative standpoints of the participants on the use of code-switching in classroom instruction, theresults revealed seven major themes. For the positive standpoints, the major themes were interpersonal communication enhancer, lexical difficulty replacer, and lesson enhancer. For the negative standpoints, the major themes were oral communication barrier, habit, vocabulary deficiency, and dependence on first language.

The Functions of Code Switching in Second Language Learning Classroom

The Functions of Code Switching in Second Language Learning Classroom