Full Opportunity Research Articles

(Invited) A Retrospective View of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell from Renaissance to Commercialization

Initial development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by General Electric in the 1960s and subsequent development of the technology and materials through into the 1980s showed the possibility of commercial applications. However, application of the technology during this time was mainly limited to the Gemini space program with subsequent shelving of the technology for about 20 years. From the late 1980s onwards there has been increasing activity and progress towards commercialization of PEMFC technology in a number of applications. The advancement of PEM electrolysis has also certainly benefited from earlier work on the PEM fuel cell. In some commercial applications today fuel cell technology is already competitive on an economic basis with established and highly developed incumbent technologies such as combustion technologies and other forms of power generation and storage. However, PEM technology faces other implementation challenges such as distribution and infrastructure availability. As fuel cells and electrolyzers move into full commercialization other new opportunities are arising in connecting the “Chemical Economy” with the “Electricity Economy” such as grid energy storage using power to gas, penetration of renewables into the energy mix, and chemical conversion. This is particularly important for the Net Zero 2050 plan, where fuel cells and electrolyzers along with batteries will be key electrochemical engines for the 21st Century.Significant progress has been made with the PEMFC over the last 35 years in a number of technical areas including reliability, durability, cost reduction, operational flexibility, technology flexibility and integration, fundamental understanding, and life cycle impact. This presentation will cover some of the key developments and learnings over this period of time and provide perspectives on the progress that has been made towards commercialization. Technical progress would include such important areas as precious metal catalyst loading reduction and alternatives, reformate operation, increased power density, freeze start capability, cell reversal tolerance, and water management. In addition to a retrospective view, some of the potential future research and development directions being taken to modify conventional PEMFC technology will also be discussed.

Women’s participation in Nigeria’s 2023 elections: a micro-level analysis

This study investigates a micro-level dimension of women’s participation in Nigeria’s electoral politics. It focuses on a particular local government area: Ikere, in Ekiti state in southwestern Nigeria, during the 2023 general election. The paper uses a qualitative approach to analyse the contributions of women towards the successes of their political parties at the polls, although they have not had full opportunity to contest as candidates. Key informant and in-depth interviews were conducted with respondents who were purposively selected from the leadership of political parties, academia, market and religious institutions, as well as interested onlookers. Additionally, campaign and mobilisation processes were observed during the period of this election. The study concluded that the wait for cultural and socio¬economic development to turn in favour of women’s numerical increase might not offer any realistic hope. However, the adoption of discretionary affirmative action strategies by party leaders could have a reverse effect and also reinforce prejudice.

АРАЛ ҚАЯЗЫНЫҢ (LUCIOBARBUS BRACHYCEPHALUS) ШАБАҚТАРЫН ҚОЛДАН ӨСІРУ ТӘЖІРИБЕСІ

This article presents the results of research to assess the growth of fingerlings of the rare and endangered Aral barbel (Luciobarbus brachycephalus) in fish farms in the Kyzylorda region. The research cover in detail the work on the cultivation of larvae in pond conditions obtained from individuals of barbel caught in the Syrdarya River in the territory of the Kyzylorda region. For research purposes, the characteristics of the pond and the water source in it are given, as well as a description of the tools for conducting control catches. The results of control catches of barbel larvae from the moment they were planted in the pond were analyzed to determine the growth rates of their main biological indicators. The deadlines and intervals of control work are also described in detail. In the conditions of the pond, the obtained results of analyses of indicators of the Fulton fatness index of barbel fry in comparison with representatives of barbel in their natural habitat are presented. During the results of growing barbel fingerlings, it was shown that the average weight of fry in the 2nd decade of September reached 15.1 g, and this indicator gives full opportunity to harvest fish planting material in the conditions of fish farms in the region.

Early findings from the NHS Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission Programme: a prospective evaluation of real-world implementation

Randomised controlled trials have shown that total diet replacement (TDR) can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes. In 2019, the English National Health Service (NHS) committed to establishing a TDR-based interventional programme delivered at scale within real-world environments; development followed of the NHS Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission (T2DR) programme, a 12-month behavioural intervention to support weight loss involving an initial 3-month period of TDR. We assessed remission of type 2 diabetes for programme participants. In this national prospective service evaluation of programme implementation, people in England aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the last 6 years were referred to the programme between programme launch on Sept 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2022. Programme data were linked to the National Diabetes Audit to ascertain HbA1c measurements and glucose-lowering medication prescriptions. The primary outcome was remission of type 2 diabetes at 1 year, defined as two HbA1c measurements of less than 48 mmol/mol recorded at least 3 months apart with no glucose-lowering medications prescribed from 3 months before the first HbA1c measurement, and the second HbA1c measurement recorded 11-15 months after the programme start date. Outcomes were assessed in two ways: for all participants who started TDR on the 12-month programme before January, 2022, for whom there were no missing data; and for all participants who started TDR on the 12-month programme before January, 2022, and had completed the programme (ie, had a valid weight recorded at month 12) by Dec 31, 2022, for whom there were no missing data. Between Sept 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2022, 7540 people were referred to the programme; of those, 1740 started TDR before January, 2022, and therefore had a full 12-month opportunity to undertake the programme by the time of data extraction at the end of December, 2022. Of those who started TDR before January, 2022, 960 (55%) completed the programme (defined as having a weight recorded at 12 months). The mean weight loss for the 1710 participants who started the programme before January, 2022 and had no missing data was 8·3% (95% CI 7·9-8·6) or 9·4 kg (8·9-9·8), and the mean weight loss for the 945 participants who completed the programme and had no missing data was 9·3% (8·8-9·8) or 10·3 kg (9·7-10·9). For the subgroup of 710 (42%) of 1710 participants who started the programme before January, 2022, and also had two HbA1c measurements recorded, 190 (27%) had remission, with mean weight loss of 13·4% (12·3-14·5) or 14·8 kg (13·4-16·3). Of the 945 participants who completed the programme, 450 (48%) had two HbA1c measurements recorded; of these, 145 (32%) had remission, with mean weight loss of 14·4% (13·2-15·5) or 15·9 kg (14·3-17·4). Findings from the NHS T2DR programme show that remission of type 2 diabetes is possible outside of research settings, through at-scale service delivery. However, the rate of remission achieved is lower and the ascertainment of data is more limited with implementation in the real world than in randomised controlled trial settings. None.

From Lab to Application: Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Fast Charging with Polyanionic Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), recognized for balanced energy density and cost-effectiveness, are positioned as a promising complement to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and a substitute for lead-acid batteries, particularly in low-speed electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage. Despite their extensive potential, concerns about range anxiety due to lower energy density underscore the importance of fast-charging technologies, which drives the exploration of high-rate electrode materials. Polyanionic cathode materials are emerging as promising candidates in this regard. However, their intrinsic limitation in electronic conductivity poses challenges for synchronized electron and ion transport, hindering their suitability for fast-charging applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of sodium ion migration during charging/discharging, highlighting it as a critical rate-limiting step for fast charging. By delving into intrinsic dynamics, key factors that constrain fast-charging characteristics are identified and summarized. Innovative modification routes are then introduced, with a focus on shortening migration paths and increasing diffusion coefficients, providing detailed insights into feasible strategies. Moreover, the discussion extends beyond half cells to full cells, addressing challenges and opportunities in transitioning polyanionic materials from the laboratory to practical applications. This review aims to offer valuable insights into the development of high-rate polyanionic cathodes, acknowledging their pivotal role in advancing fast-charging SIBs.

Dairy cows’ motivation to nurse their calves

When weaning offspring, female mammals limit nursing opportunities. This study aimed to investigate whether imposing a gradual reduction in daily contact time, by separating cows from their calves as an attempt to stimulate weaning, reduced dairy cows’ motivation to nurse their calves. For seven weeks, 84 Holstein–Friesian cow-calf pairs were housed with either full-time (23 h contact/d), part-time (10 h contact/d), or no contact. In the following two weeks, half of full- and part-time pairs were subjected to reduced contact (50% of initial contact in week 8, 25% of initial contact in week 9), while the other half continued with unchanged contact. In weeks 8 and 9, cows’ motivation to obtain full contact to and opportunity to nurse their calves was measured using weighted push gates using a novel maximum price paid method providing an alternative choice to the cows to reduce frustration. Cows with reduced calf contact were more motivated than cows with unchanged contact; however, cows used the alternative choice less than expected. The results show that cows’ motivation for full calf contact and opportunity to nurse increases when daily calf contact is reduced, illustrating that dairy cows are motivated to continue nursing their 9- to 10-week-old calves.

Regulating Debt Capital Market in India – Issues and Challenges

Indian Capital markets provide an important channel of financing through equity capital markets and debt capital markets. They help allocate risk, support growth and promote financial stability of a company or a corporate entity. In the last few years, the debt capital market of India has picked up pace of development propelled by government focus and support from regulators coupled with subdued credit growth from banks, however, it is yet to realize full potential. While globally bond market is much bigger than equity market, however in India, the scenario in not same. Whereas Indian equity capital market is considered equally efficient as compared to some of the most developed markets, bond market is still evolving. Hence, considering the large funding requirements public and private sector for economic recovery and growth, debt capital market holds huge untapped potential Hence the researcher would like to address the market and policy barriers impeding the realization of the full opportunity India presents to finance and vice versa. Present trends in capital markets development and to identify the factors that will encourage the development of a vibrant and resilient debt capital market in India. This dissertation focuses on how companies can excel by debt capital market. The researcher also focuses on applicable laws, new regulations and circulars issued by SEBI which brought a huge change in the Indian debt capital market. To critically analyze the regulatory requirements and also role of the banks in debt capital market.

Outnumbered and outranked: a macrostructural snapshot of gendered inequalities in higher academia in Jordan

PurposeThis article aims to illuminate the gendered organisational structure of higher education in Jordan by collecting and analysing a national-level snapshot of the current distribution of women and men in leadership positions and academic ranks across Jordanian universities to pinpoint inequalities in specific levels and fields.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in gendered organisational theory, this study presents a snapshot of the gender composition of 10 public and 14 private universities in Jordan. The snapshot, collected in September 2022 from these universities’ websites, examines counts of male and female administrative leaders as well as academic staff across all ranks for all faculties in both STEM and liberal arts fields.FindingsThe distribution of women and men in leadership positions in universities across Jordan is highly unequal, with men outnumbering women in the uppermost positions by nearly 10:1. This gap decreases as the rank of positions decreases, indicative of a highly gendered organisational structure, with only three to four fields approaching gender parity.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper offers a comprehensive and detailed quantitative foundation for researchers to investigate the underlying social, cultural, legal, political and economic factors perpetuating gender inequality in academia in Jordan and in comparative studies.Practical implicationsThis study is relevant for targeting policies for advancing sustainable development goals, specifically 5.5, which aim at women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making.Originality/valueThis study provides the most detailed and extensive macro-level analysis of the gender composition of universities in Jordan.

138 Supporting Early-Career Faculty Grant Proposals through Narrative Development Training: A Proposal Narrative Development Program for Early-Career Faculty

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Faculty pursuing their first independent research grants often struggle to express their ideas in a concise, compelling way. Thus, we developed the “Research and Scholarship Storytelling Bootcamp” to equip these faculty with narrative development skills applicable across disciplines and mechanisms. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Early-career researchers who were preparing either their first NIH R-series application or an NSF CAREER award proposal were invited to participate. Enrollment was limited to 20 participants. Those accepted learned the “And-But-Therefore” narrative framework by reading a short book and attending 4 synchronous lectures. Between sessions, they applied the framework by drafting abstracts and Specific Aims/Project Summary documents and reviewing their fellow participants’ work. We assessed participants' comfort with storytelling, perceptions of preparedness, and confidence regarding funding chances, before and after the program using a visual analog scale (max 100 points) and calculated Cohen’s d to evaluate the effect size of any changes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Thirty people applied for 20 slots, indicating strong demand. Eleven NIH applicants and 9 NSF applicants enrolled. Before the program, participants rated their comfort with storytelling at 45 ± 25, their preparedness at 39 ± 24, and their funding confidence at 39 ± 26. Nine total participants completed all sessions, assignments, and surveys. Completion rates were comparable for NIH- and NSF-targeting participants. After the program, completing participants reported increases in their comfort with storytelling (68 ± 14 post vs 32 ± 20 pre, d = 1.46), perceived preparedness (64 ± 20 post vs 48 ± 26 pre, d=0.58), and confidence in funding chances (56 ± 19 post vs 40 ± 27 pre, d=0.75). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This program was the first of its kind for multidisciplinary early-career faculty at our institution. The program successfully achieved its objectives for those who completed all activities. Future analysis of survey comments and proposal success rates will reveal barriers to full program engagement and opportunities for further training.

The Examination of the Proportionality of Disciplinary Punishments with Committed Offenses in Student Misconduct Cases

This article examines the proportionality of disciplinary sanctions in relation to student offenses in academic misconduct cases. The primary goal of the research is to evaluate the structure and processes of disciplinary committees in universities and to assess the adherence to principles of justice and fair trial in these proceedings. The research method is qualitative, involving content analysis of university disciplinary regulations and a review of real cases of student misconduct. The findings indicate that, in many instances, there is a lack of proportionality between the offense committed and the imposed punishment, with students facing unjust and disproportionate sanctions. This issue is particularly evident when minor infractions result in severe penalties, leading to dissatisfaction and a sense of injustice among students. Furthermore, the disciplinary process in many universities is opaque and lengthy, which increases psychological stress for the accused students. The lack of adequate communication regarding students' rights and the absence of a full defense opportunity are major violations of fair trial principles. Based on the research findings, several recommendations are proposed for improving the structure and processes of disciplinary actions, including revising regulations, ensuring the independence of disciplinary bodies, and fully adhering to fair trial principles. These suggestions aim to guarantee justice and proportionality in dealing with student misconduct cases. The final conclusion emphasizes that revising disciplinary regulations and increasing transparency in the disciplinary process could help improve fairness and reduce dissatisfaction in universities.

АНАЛИЗ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ МОМЕНТОВ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ РАДИО И ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ

With the continuous development of computer technologies, they are used in many fields and industries. Radio and television are an important part of them. Since radio and television need to go through several program stages to obtain relevant information, in the infor-mation age, with the intervention of computer technology and their integration, radio and televi-sion engineering has become a step-by-step process of information transmission. Complexity is simplified, and quality and efficiency are significantly improved. This is not only an important milestone in the development of radio and television, but also has more benefits for users. In-depth study maximizes its integration, gives full opportunity to its true role contributes to the development and progress of radio and television and meets current needs. People's demand for information and deepening the degree of integration will inevitably lead to major breakthroughs in the quality and technology of radio and television.

Calibrating De Novo: Judicial Review of Arbitral Jurisdiction

De novo review of arbitral jurisdiction at the post-award stage that typically involves full, independent assessment of arbitrators’ findings with respect to questions of law and fact has become the norm under most legal regimes. This approach is geared towards legitimacy of the arbitral process and ensures that a party contesting jurisdiction has full opportunity to do so before the courts. However, while seeking to preserve important public policy objectives, de novo review may sometimes lead to inefficiencies and unfairness in the process, contrary to arbitration’s stated goals of obtaining the fair resolution of disputes without unnecessary delay or expense. This article thus calls for a critical evaluation of the de novo standard with a view to developing a more balanced system that would pay due regard to the competing goals of efficiency and legitimacy of the arbitral process. arbitral jurisdiction, jurisdiction of arbitrators, control of jurisdiction, review of jurisdiction, standard of review, de novo review, full review, rehearing of jurisdiction, deference to arbitrators, jurisdiction and admissibility

Implementation of the cluster approach in the practice of the territorial organization of health care: theoretical, institutional and practical aspects

Introduction. The reform of the health care system in Ukraine ensured the creation of a multi-level provision of medical services, which covered medical institutions of all forms of ownership, which are not only competitors on the regional and local markets, but also had the full opportunity to participate in contractual relations with the National Health Service of Ukraine (NSZU) regarding the provision of medical care packages. Despite the positive consequences of transformational changes, a number of problems arose in the regions regarding the formation of optimal communications between different levels of providing medical services, the availability of services for patients, logistics related to medical care, the effectiveness of the use of budget funds, material and human resources, the availability of special medical care in separate regions (primarily regions of military operations), territorial organization of the network. According to government decisions, to solve these problems, the process of forming hospital districts and hospital clusters has been initiated, which, as practice shows, requires ambiguous management decisions. The above actualizes the problem of scientific support (analytical assessments, monitoring, design of possible further changes) of modern processes of the territorial organization of health care and its public management at the regional and local levels.
 The purpose of the research is a systematic analysis of the processes of cluster formation in health care and, on this basis, the development of theoretical and methodological provisions and justification of directions for further improvement of the established models of territorial organization of the industry.
 Methods. Applied methods of system analysis - to evaluate the process of establishing regulatory and legal prerequisites for starting cluster initiatives in health care, comparative analysis - in order to identify theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of territorial clusters in domestic and foreign scientific opinion. General scientific and empirical methods of economic science are used: methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, summary and grouping - to identify the potential, opportunities and threats in the implementation of management decisions regarding the further functioning and development of clusters in health care of the regions of Ukraine.
 The results. Using a number of arguments, the expediency of using the cluster approach in the territorial organization of health care has been proven. The process of establishing the institutional basis for the formation of clusters in health care in Ukraine is evaluated. The peculiarities of the organizational structure of the territorial hospital cluster are determined. An empirical analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of hospital clusters in certain regions of Ukraine was carried out. The expected results of the formation of a capable network and the formation of territorial hospital clusters and risks in the implementation of management decisions regarding the selected model of the territorial organization of the medical space are determined. Based on the modeling of the possible influence of institutional, industrial, infrastructural and financial factors on the functioning and development of newly formed structural entities in the health care of the region, possible options for prevention and leveling of negative effects and development of relations between local self-government bodies and medical institutions of various levels are proposed for the purpose of optimization synergistic effect of cluster formation.
 Prospects. It is advisable to focus further scientific research on the issues of monitoring the work of the network of primary and specialized medical care institutions within the framework of newly formed hospital clusters and the introduction of information systems into the practice of strategic and operational management of a capable health care network.

MOOCMaven: Bridging M-Learning and Open Data for Enhanced Unified MOOC Exploration

We live in a modern environment where learning does not have any barriers. Our work aims to become the main gateway for people of any interest to take advantage of the full opportunities of e-learning. We also built a dataset of e-learning courses from various sources and developed a platform that can understand search queries. We introduce a unified massive open online courses (MOOCs) searching platform using semantic methodology called MOOCMaven. Our platform can be accessed both via web and mobile. This paper demonstrates the platform’s efficiency in generating a list of courses relevant to search queries. Additionally, MOOCMaven offers an application programming interface (API) collection to ensure access to the data. Our approach could find the gaps in e-learning course discovery and highlight the solution to the public. This paper provides a detailed description of the algorithms, methodologies, and technologies utilized to augment the usefulness and efficacy of the platform.

Taking workers' rights to unexpected places

To help prevent discrimination, particularly against women and ethnic minorities, policymakers in the United States (US) have written and passed civil rights laws that require employers to address hate or harassment at workplaces. Sometimes, however, the programs that corporate managers create do not actually give workers a full opportunity to resolve their complaints; the programs are, instead, symbolic attempts to comply with federal and state civil rights legislation. Moreover, judges have come to see the mere existence of these programs, inadequate as they are, as evidence that corporations protect workers' rights.

Strategi Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMK Negeri 1 Praya

This research aimed to find out what the strategies improve of communication skill in PAI (Islamic Religious Learning) learning at SMKN (Public Vocational High School) 1 Praya. The type of this research was field research with a qualitative approach. The data analysis method used was qualitative data analysis of interactive model from Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that the strategies used in developing skills students in PAI learning are by using a student-centered learning approach (Student Centered Learning) or a scientific approach , presentation and discussion learning methods. The scientific approach is an approach that directs students to be able to think logically and systematically based on scientific rules and frameworks. The scientific approach is a learning approach as an implementation of the Student Centered Learning approach . Where students are given full opportunity to be active in learning and the teacher is only a facilitator. The presentation learning method is an activity of speaking in front of the class to convey information or subject matter. The discussion method is a way of presenting learning by providing opportunities for students to hold scientific conversations so that students fully participate in learning. From the results of the research that has been described, the implications of this research related to strategies for improving communication skills are: Implications for teaching methods of teachers vary, depending on what soft skills are developed. Fostering a culture of high professionalism among educational institutions and educational staff. Such as: the ability to choose and apply learning methods properly according to the learning objectives to be achieved, create interesting learning content, have good personal and social attitudes, be disciplined, and have high integrity.

Numerical Study to Define Initial Thermal Integration Window for Methane Oxidative Coupling with Dehydroaromatization Reactors

Oxidative coupling of methane and methane dehydroaromatization are attractive one-step conversion routes to make valuable platform chemicals more sustainable. Both processes require elevated temperatures above 600°C, good heat management, and the use of heterogeneous catalysts. None of these reactions are yet commercial due to many technical challenges. This work explores the potential of combining these two processes under one umbrella to overcome some of the technical challenges and make these processes more attractive. It focuses on the recuperative autothermal reactor coupling as one of the possible integration options. A tube-in-tube reactor design is proposed in which OCM is in the inner tube and MDA is in the outside. A numerical study is carried out using pseudohomogenous ideal fixed bed reactor models with literature kinetics. A systematic tabulated approach is used to simplify, visualize, and structure the design process and view the design options. Practical constraints such as reactor sizing, pressure drop, reaction performance, and axial temperature profile are investigated. The effect of heat transfer coefficient, diluents, catalyst profiling, and flow direction have been investigated to alter the axial temperature profile, avoid thermal run away, and improve the performance. Multiple thermally coupled OCM-MDA reactor design candidates are identified. This is the first time that the thermal coupling of OCM and MDA has been identified and quantified. These candidates are merely a starting point toward exploring the full coupling opportunities between OCM and MDA toward reaching the ultimate and more attractive option of full mass and heat integration in the same reactor.

FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE MODEL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES WHO ARE WAR VETERANS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need of the educational community to provide a full opportunity to receive higher education for participants in hostilities, and above all for war veterans, among whom there are many students with disabilities. The purpose of the work is to identify the key foundations of the formation of an inclusive physical education model for war veteran students in higher education institutions. Research methods: theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison of different views on the investigated problem, generalization of data from scientific and methodological, and special literature. It was investigated that the challenges related to the implementation of inclusive education, which faced the education system of Ukraine, are identical to European systems. The implementation of foreign experience in the domestic educational process is a creative combination of key components of corrective development and the interaction of participants in the educational process (teachers and students with disabilities, war veterans) in the course of inclusive physical education aimed at overcoming the effects of the war to eliminate violations in their health. It was found that efforts should be directed to the justification and creation of effective models of inclusive physical education, organized based on modern innovative general scientific and special technologies, theory, methods and practice of physical culture, which would ensure a high level of physical activity of students with disabilities who are war veterans in the process of their their adaptation in the environment of the educational institution would contribute to their health and achievement of the predicted results in the course of their higher education. The directions of implantation of progressive ideas in the process of formation of an inclusive model of physical education for students with disabilities who are war veterans in higher education institutions are singled out. These include training physical education specialists who fully possess inclusive competence; updating the content of methods in the field of inclusive physical education; targeted educational and informational work to develop the need for physical self-improvement and health care among students with disabilities who are war veterans; development of motivation to engage in physical education of students with disabilities who are war veterans; support of the organization of students with disabilities who are war veterans in their physical education on an equal basis with all participants in the educational process; creation of centers of physical culture and sports orientation for students with disabilities who are war veterans in institutions of higher education.

The Economic Development of Asian Countries With Achievement of SDG 8: A Systematic Literature Review


 
 
 
 This study aims to find the correlation between goal 8 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the economic growth of countries in Asia. This study uses the research method applied in this study, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which operates about 600 articles of scientific data sourced from the Scopus database in this review, using the Vosviewer application. The research results reveal many essential points in economic growth in achieving the goals of SDG 8. Since there are still many differences in development that support economic growth, the findings of this study are beneficial to a nation, particularly developing countries in Asia that are still lagging in their economies. With the implementation of the SDGs, the expectation is that the Asian countries are still languishing in infrastructure development as support for the product would realize, and economic growth would be distributed. SDG goal 8, "Economic Growth and Jobs Worth it," emphasizes growth in a more inclusive and sustainable economy, in addition to more productive and full employment opportunities and decent work for all. In addition, population growth is also a factor that has an essential role in achieving the expected economic growth, population density in a country will later impact the country's economy if the government takes no action to deal with this.
 
 
 

МІСТО НОВИЙ ОСТРОПІЛЬ У СЕРЕДИНІ XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ

The article attempts to analyze the socio-economic issues surrounding the development of the city of Novy Ostropil as one of the urban settlements on the territory of south-eastern Volyn in the middle of the 18th century. During this period, the city received confirmation of royal privilege for self-government and continued to use it in solving everyday problems of Magdeburg law. Novy Ostropil was owned by Franzyshko-Ferdinand Lubomyrskyi, who leased it for three years to Barbara-Ursula Sangushko in the middle of the 18th century. For this purpose, the rental inventory of the city was compiled in 1751 and has survived to our time. Therefore, the city first became the object of the profits of its owners and tenants. The agricultural sector played a critical role in the life of the city. Based on the inventory, a detailed architectural image and layout and a list of the buildings in the stockade were restored. The latter were made of pine and oak wood, some elements were made of linden, and the roofs were covered with straw, etc. Among the buildings in the Filvark complex was "Izba", which housed Governor S. Chernetsky. Vinnytsia was one of the city's Filvark structure's profitable objects. The city worked in the city "Entrance" on "Khmelnytskyi Black Way", where its exterior and interior were presented. On the river, Sluch’s two mills are arranged according to two and three millstones with steps and foils. 201 households in the city were recorded in the inventory (86.5% were Christians and 13.5% were Jews). Ukrainians dominated here, followed by Poles, and there were the fewest Jews. The Jewish communities of Novy Ostropil and Old Ostropil did not create a single kagal. It was divided into two separate parts, each of which was part of the Kagali of the two nearest cities, Lubar and New Polonny. The number of Jews in Novy Ostropil during 1751–1765 decreased significantly. Based on the analysis of the inventory, it was possible to obtain separate information about the Ostropil artisans and professional classes of residents of this city. The profession of a shoemaker was among the most sought-after and popular, followed by coopers. The occupation of crafts did not yet give a full opportunity to break with agriculture. 9.5 percent of the city's residents had liberation from general payments and work. In exchange for this, they were engaged to perform certain functions in the structure of the city's economy. Townspeople living in tenements made up 9.5% of all residents of Novy Ostropil. They were exempted from general city boards and individual duties, but not all. Craftsmen and those engaged in crafts (carriers, millers, winemakers), church ministers, etc., dominated among the peasants. As a whole, in the economic development of the city, primacy belonged to the agricultural sector; therefore, Novy Ostropil should be interpreted as an insignificant urban centre of the agrarian type.