Fuchsin Research Articles

Construction of hierarchical MnMoO4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite: Highly efficient visible light driven photocatalyst in the degradation of different polluting dyes in aqueous medium

Herein we report a facile and cost-effective design for the fabrication of a new binary MnMoO4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite through co-precipitation and hydrothermal routes. The resulting nanomaterial was characterized using powder X-ray Diffraction Studies (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Its efficiency as a photocatalyst was investigated in the degradation studies of some selected organic contaminants such as Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (Rh B), Methyl Violet (MV) and Basic Fuchsin (BF) in aqueous medium under visible light. The as-synthesized photocatalyst showed superior photocatalytic performance with 96% efficiency for each of MB, Rh B and MV degradation and 95% BF removal efficiency. The stability of the magnetically recovered photocatalyst was then explored from its recyclability studies in the degradation of MB. The spent photocatalyst showed increased agglomerated forms of the synthesized MnMoO4/NiFe2O4 nanostructures.

Photodegradation of Basic Fuchsine Dye Using Sulphur Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

Photodegradation of Basic Fuchsine Dye Using Sulphur Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

Simultaneous Determination of Brilliant Green and Basic Fuchsin by Cloud Point Extraction–scanometry

In this study, cloud point extraction‒scanometry as a new, simple and inexpensive method was developed for the separation, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of brilliant green (BG) and basic fuchsin (BF) in mixture. The method is based on the extraction of analytes simultaneously from aqueous solution using a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 as a cloud point extractor. After phase separation, the surfactant-rich phase was diluted with ethanol, digital image of the solution taken with a flatbed scanner and RGB parameters of the enriched analytes were calculated by special software written in visual basic (VB 6). The influence of analytical parameters including pH of system, the concentration of the surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized. The method was linear in the concentration ranges of 0.025‒1.00 and 0.05‒2.50 mg/L with limits of detection of 0.008 and 0.019 mg/L for BG and BF, respectively. The preconcentration factors were 29 for BG and 28 for BF. The enrichment factors were found to be 34 and 16, precision (RSD, %) of the method, 1.9 and 1.3% for BG and BF, respectively. The effects of interfering ions and dyes were investigated. Finally, the proposed method was applied for the determination of BG and BF in real water samples with satisfactory results.

Photodegradation Of Basic Fuchsin Dye Using Titanium Dioxide Doped With Nitrogen Photocatalysts

Photodegradation Of Basic Fuchsin Dye Using Titanium Dioxide Doped With Nitrogen Photocatalysts

Fabrication of portable colorimetric sensor based on basic fuchsin for selective sensing of nitrite ions

An economically feasible, readily accessible colorimetric probe based on basic fuchsin (BF) was developed to detect NO2− in water and wastewater systems. The study is divided into two phases; liquid phase and solid phase (colorimetric strip). Initially, the parameter optimization was carried out in the liquid phase, followed by sensing via colorimetric strips. Naked eye-colorimetric detection of NO2− in liquid phase was in the range of 0.92–9.2 mg L−1 whereas for strips detection range was observed as 0.005–9.2 mg L−1. Proper diffusion of BF on the Whatmann filter paper (W) enhanced the sensitivity of colorimetric strip. The investigation also showed high selectivity towards NO2− in the presence of several anions and cations. The colorimetric strips prior to and after interaction with NO2− were characterized using FT-IR, Raman, UV-DRS, and XRD. Results confirmed that diazotization reaction between secondary amine portion of the BF and NO2− was responsible for the specific color change (pink to colorless). The leaching test reported no leachable fraction from the coating, and this was accompanied by the use of Tween-80 as a surface coating agent. The solid colorimetric probe was showed potential selectivity towards NO2− over several interfering ions. Furthermore, the applicability of the prepared strip for detecting NO2− in real water samples indicated satisfactory performance. Cost analysis confirmed that the synthesized BF@W strip is a low-cost (0.01$/strip) and a portable colorimetric sensor for the detection of aqueous NO2−.

Morpho-anatomical evaluation of hypoglycaemic medicinal plants

This study aimed to morpho-anatomical characterize leaves of plants with hypoglycemic effect used by the Maracanã community of São Luís-MA. It was selected two vegetal species with lack of morpho-anatomical studies, which were Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis (Vitaceae) and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul. var. leiostachya Benth (Leguminoceae). The botanic material was collected in the Dom Delgado University City, UFMA. It was realized paradermic and transverse sections free hand with blade support, using astra blue and basic fuchsin as colorants. The laminas were observed and photographed in optic microscopic. Cissus verticillata presented simple and opposite leaves, with membranous consistency, serrated margin, and acute top and cordate base. The mesophyll is dorsiventral composed by palisade and spongy parenchyma. Central rib with presence of reserve parenchyma and angular chollenchyma with some points of ring deposition. Caesalpinia ferrea presented smooth and simple leaves, uniseriate epidermis, curled cuticles and presence of stomata on both sides. Central rib with fundamental parenchyma composed by spherical cells and angular chollenchyma. The reported morphoanatomic characters of C. verticillata and C. ferrea leaves contribute to the identification and characterization of the quality of these vegetables, improving knowledge verification of plant species authenticity.

Electro-activation of O2 on MnO2/graphite felt for efficient oxidation of water contaminants under room condition

The activation of oxygen (O2) under room condition is highly desirable for oxidative removal of organic pollutants in water. Herein, we report a graphite felt (GF)-supported α-MnO2 catalyst which is active for activating O2 with assistance of an anodic electric field. The electro-assisted catalytic wet air oxidation (ECWAO) process on MnO2/GF is able to rapidly degrade a variety of dyes, pharmaceutics and personal care products (PPCPs) under room condition. The congo red, basic fuchsin, neutral red and methylene blue are completely mineralized in 160 min, and the bisphenol A, triclosan and ciprofloxacin are mineralized by 89.9%, 81.5% and 65.4%, respectively, in 300 min. Mechanistic study indicates a surface-catalyzed non-free radical pathway for the oxidation of organic pollutants by O2 in the ECWAO process. The oxygen vacancies on MnO2 are identified as the catalytically active sites, at which oxygen atom is transferred from O2 to organic molecule through chemisorbed oxygen species. The anodic electric field assists such an oxygen transfer pathway by activating the complex of chemisorbed oxygen species and organic molecule through electro-oxidation reaction. The ECWAO process on MnO2/GF electrode exhibits a great potential for practical wastewater treatment under room condition.

Polymerizable dye for colored particles synthesis with potential use in immunoassays

Latex-particles are suitable for diagnosis purpose since they are able to interact with biological molecules. In this work, a colored monomer was synthesized between basic fuchsine(BF) and glycidyl methacrylate(GMA). BF-GMA obtaining was verified through UV-Vis, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. The synthesis of colored particles by emulsion polymerization of styrene and the BF-GMA monomer was studied by measuring conversion, particle diameter, BF incorporation, surface charge densities and also in a protein binding assay. Results confirmed the production of stable particles, with controlled size and high BF incorporation, capable of interacting with proteins efficiently, and being used in an immunoagglutination test.

Wet chemical extraction of silicon from natural palygorskite for preparing a mesoporous molecular sieve of Al-SBA-16

Three-dimensional mesoporous molecular sieve, Al-SBA-16, was successfully prepared via a wet chemical route, which involved co-condensation of silicon source from natural palygorskite by alkali-melting extraction, and acidic mixture of templating agent F127 and aluminum sulfate. XRF and Raman spectra confirmed quantitative incorporation of aluminum into ordered cubic mesostructure. Pyridine-probed Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance showed a doubling of the Bronsted and Lewis acidity after aluminum activation. At neutral pH, the Al-SBA-16 was used as an adsorbent for the removal of aniline and basic fuchsin with the maximum adsorption capacities of 46.22 and 70.08 mg g−1, respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm indicated that adsorption of aniline and basic fuchsin was occurred by their lone pair electrons on N atom interacting with the Bronsted and Lewis acid sites of Al-SBA-16. The adsorbed material could be easily regenerated by a simple process of acid washing. It was reused for five times with basic fuchsin removal rate still up to above 90%.

Use of a floating adsorbent to remove dyes from water: A novel efficient surface separation method.

In this study, our group grafted 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) onto the surface of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) and successfully prepared AMPS grafted floating adsorbent (AFA). The prepared AFA carries a large amount of negative charges, and the adsorptions of cationic dyes are achieved under the action of strong electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, due to the unique shell structure of AFA, it has a stable self-floating ability, which may change the traditional separation method to make the adsorbent easier to enrich and separate from water surface. Characterizations of AFA by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffractometer shows the successful grafting of AMPS. Adsorption experiments confirmed that the adsorption capacities of AFA for methylene blue, malachite green, basic fuchsin and crystal violet under optimum conditions were 436.8 mg g-1, 637.6 mg g-1, 457.8 mg g-1, and 399.4 mg g-1, respectively. At the same time, AFA has excellent recyclability, and its adsorption capacity can be maintained after 6 cycles of reuse.

Comparative analysis of microleakage of temporary filling materials used for multivisit endodontic treatment sessions in primary teeth: an in vitro study.

Coronal leakage is an important factor contributing to the failure of endodontic treatment. The use of an efficient temporary restoration between sessions of multiple-visit pulpectomies is irrefutable. Two cements have long been used in endodontics-IRM, which is a reinforced zinc oxide cement and Cavit G, a calcium sulphate based cement. The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of nano silver containing UDMA-based cements with routinely used zinc oxide and calcium sulphate-based temporary cements in primary teeth. Standardized access cavities of 3 × 3mm were prepared in the sixty caries-free primary molars. The teeth were divided randomly into four groups of 14 teeth each-Group I: IRM, Group II: Cavit G, Group III: Orafil-G and Group IV: Dia-Temp. Temporary restorative materials were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling and then immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24h. The specimens were sectioned and evaluated under a digital microscope at 20× magnification and were scored for microleakage. The collected data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Dia-Temp presented the least microleakage values. The highest score for microleakage was shown by IRM followed by Orafil-G and Cavit-G. There was a significant difference between IRM and Diatemp groups (p value = 0.009), and among Orafil G and Diatemp groups (p value = 0.025). Among the four materials tested, Dia-Temp exhibited the best sealing ability and its use is recommended in between sessions of endodontic treatment in primary teeth.

Two-stage approach for surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in underweight children: Clinical and morphological outcomes.

Two-stage surgery including right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting with subsequent total surgical repair (TSG) has been suggested as a promising curative option in infants with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) having comorbidities such as low body weight. However, data on clinical outcomes of such approach and tissue response to RVOT stenting in underweight infants are scarce. We recruited 16 underweight (<3 kg; average weight, 2.2 ± 0.4 and 4.7 ± 0.9 kg at the time of RVOT stenting and TSG, respectively) infants (1-3 months of age, average 28.2 ± 4.3 and 100.2 ± 22.3 days at the time of RVOT stenting and TSG, respectively) with ToF and performed RVOT stenting with the subsequent TSG. Excised stents were embedded into epoxy resin and stained by toluidine blue and basic fuchsin. Fifteen infants had a favorable clinical outcome, probably due to the rapid increase in the body weight, blood oxygen saturation, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume to body surface area ratio indicative of improved pulmonary perfusion. Histological analysis revealed an endothelial cell monolayer at the stent surface with notable neovascularization of stented tissues, which could potentially explain the abovementioned clinical and echocardiography improvements. The only death occurred immediately after RVOT stenting and was caused by a massive subdural hematoma, possibly provoked by grade 2 intraventricular hemorrhage 12 days before the stenting. We confirm RVOT stenting with the subsequent TSG as a safe and efficient surgical approach for the treatment of underweight children with ToF.

Comparison between Operative and Non-Operative Treatment of the Medial Collateral Ligament: Histological and Ultrastructural Findings during Early Healing in the Epiligament Tissue in a Rat Knee Model

The medial collateral ligament of the knee joint is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Recent data have shown that the thin layer of connective tissue covering the ligament, known as the epiligament, is essential for its nutrition and normal function, as well as its healing after injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the changes in the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament which occurred during operative and non-operative treatment throughout the first month after injury. We used 27 male Wistar rats randomly allocated to three groups. In the 9 rats belonging to the first group, the medial collateral ligament was fully transected and left to heal spontaneously without suture. In the 9 rats belonging to the second group, the transected ends were marked with a 9–0 nylon monofilament suture. The 9 rats in the third group were used as normal controls. Three animals from each group were sacrificed on days 8, 16, and 30 after injury. Light microscopic analysis was performed on semi-thin sections stained with 1% methylene blue, azure II, and basic fuchsin. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study and compare the ultrastructural changes in the epiligament. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mood’s median test. The normal structure of the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament was presented by fibroblasts, fibrocytes, adipose cells, mast cells, collagen fibers, and neuro-vascular bundles. On days 8 and 16 postinjury, the epiligament appeared hypercellular and returned to its normal appearance on the thirtieth day postinjury. The electron microscopic study revealed the presence of different types of fibroblasts with the typical ultrastructural features of collagen-synthetizing cells. The comparative statistical analysis on the respective day showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the number of cells between spontaneously healing animals and animals recovering with suture application. These data further prove that spontaneous healing of the medial collateral ligament yields similar results to surgical treatment and may be used as a basis for the development of treatment regimens with improved patient outcome.

Microcracks in subchondral bone plate is linked to less cartilage damage.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the whole joint characterized by cartilage loss and subchondral bone remodeling. The role of microcracks in cartilage integrity and subchondral bone homeostasis is not fully understood. The main goal of this work was to evaluate microcrack density in both calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate in relation to cartilage damage in humans and to better define the association of microcracks and osteocyte density in subchondral bone. We investigated 18 bone cores from cadaveric human knees that were stained with En-Bloc Basic Fuchsin. We quantified microcrack density, osteocyte density, cartilage surfaces and cartilage damage. The presence of microcracks was confirmed for each bone core by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, trabecular subchondral bone parameters were measured by micro-CT. Microcracks were detected in both calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate. The density of microcracks in both calcified cartilage (CC) and subchondral bone plate (SBP) was negatively correlated with cartilage damage (r = -0.45, p < 0.05). The presence of microcracks in SBP was associated with a lower histological OA score. Osteocytes formed a dendrite network that abruptly stopped at the border of calcified cartilage. Osteocyte density in subchondral bone plate was increased in the presence of microcracks in calcified cartilage. Subchondral bone plate microcracks might be required for maintaining cartilage homeostasis. Microcracks in calcified cartilage may trigger osteocyte density in subchondral bone plate with subsequent regulation of subchondral bone remodeling to prevent cartilage damage.

Analysis of bone microdamage with Twinned Orthogonal Adjustable Tomograph towards fatigue fracture prevention

We work in the consolidation of previous studies performed by us concerning microdamage developments in bones with use of conventional basic fuchsin staining, in which we stated that age and gamma radiation had a direct influence on the increase in the generation and growth of microfractures, to provoke the fracture of bones by fatigue by means of a novel theoretical model based on a concept called characteristic length. The mentioned conventional staining technique has the disadvantage of being invasive, destructive, two-dimensional (2-D), and tedious. For this reason, the aim of our current work was the use of a world-unique patented computed tomography device – TORATOM. With the use of precipitation barium sulfate process, we identified individual microcracks, which will be analysed in further studies to define better predictive models to understand and prevent fatigue fractures due to stress and fragility related to osteoporosis, which will be useful in developing new clinical approaches to the problem of osteoporosis.

Synthesis of β-Cyclodextrin Immobilized Starch and Its Application for the Removal of Dyestuff from Waste-Water

A natural polymeric adsorbent, β-cyclodextrin immobilized starch (CS-βCD) was prepared by introducing host functional molecule β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto starch in presence of citric acid. The immobilization conditions were optimized to: m CA:m CS = 1:2, reaction time of 2 h and reaction temperature at 120 °C, by varying the input levels of the reactant, CS-βCD with a series of immobilization ratio (IR) and carboxyl content (CC) could be obtained. The FT-IR and 13C-NMR analysis indicated the β-CD molecules have been immobilized onto starch via the formation of ester linkages. The XRD and SEM analysis showed CS-βCD had more looser structure and more irregular surface compared with native starch. The GPC analysis showed CS-βCD had a reduced molecular weight but a more complicated molecular configuration. The adsorbing capacities of CS-βCD to three cationic dyes (methylene blue, methyl purple and basic fuchsin) were significantly improved compared with native starch, diatomite and zeolite. The adsorption behaviors of CS-βCD to the three dyes had high fitting degrees to both Langmuir and Freundlich models (R2 > 0.98). The decolourization ratio of CS-βCD to the mixed dyestuff waste-water had reached 88.75%, which was much higher than other absorbents. The results indicated the CS-βCD would become a high-efficiency dyestuff adsorbent, and would have a promising application in the industrial dyestuff waste-water treatment.

The mechanism of miR-142-3p in coronary microembolization-induced myocardiac injury via regulating target gene IRAK-1

Coronary microembolization (CME) is a common complication seen during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). CME-induced myocardiac inflammation is the primary cause of myocardiac injury. Dysregulated miR-142-3p has been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases and is significantly downregulated in CME-induced myocardial injury. However, the role of miR-142-3p in CME-induced myocardial injury is unclear. This study herein built a porcine CME model by infusing microembolization spheres into the left anterior descending branch via a microcatheter, and detected the downregulation of miR-142-3p in the myocardial tissues of CME pigs. Echocardiography, hematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid (HBFP) staining, and western blotting of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 showed that the pharmacological overexpression of miR-142-3p using agomiR has improved cardiac function and attenuated CME-induced myocardiac inflammatory response, while its inhibition using antagomiR demonstrated inverse effects. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated IRAK-1 as a direct target gene of miR-142-3p. Luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting demonstrated its effects in controlling the inflammation of cardiomyocytes. It is noteworthy that miR-142-3p was found to be decreased in the plasma of STEMI patients undergoing pPCI with no-reflow, indicating a potential clinical relevance of miR-142-3p. The receiver–operator characteristic curve indicated that plasma miR-142-3p might be an independent predictor of no-reflow during pPCI in patients with STEMI. Therefore, overexpression of miR-142-3p acts as a novel therapy for CME-induced myocardial injury.

Impact of seawater salinity on the sonochemical removal of emerging organic pollutants

ABSTRACT The results presented in this study illustrate the multiple roles of seawater salinity toward the sonochemical degradation, at variable frequencies (300–1700 kHz), of several hazardous substances, i.e. propylparaben (PPR) endocrine disruptor and several synthetic dyes: naphthol blue black (NBB), malachite green (MG), basic red 29 (BR29), acid orange 7 (AO7), Rhodamine B (RhB) and basic fuchsin (BF). Sonochemical treatment degraded all pollutants in seawater at faster rates than in deionized water. The seawater-salts through increasing the ionic strength of the solution act as a potential pusher of hydrophilic pollutants toward the reactive interfacial area of cavitation bubbles. Additionally, the salts reduce the bubble coalescence, which yields higher number of active bubbles in the irradiating media. Analysing the degradation rate of PPR and NBB with two heterogeneous models based on Langmuir kinetics mechanism indicated that the bubble interfacial area was the preferred reaction zone for the ultrasonic degradation of PPR and NBB in seawater.

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide (GO/ZnO) Nanocomposite and Its Utilization for Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Fuchsin Dye

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide/zinc oxide (GO/ZnO) nanocomposite was prepared by the decoration of thermally expanded and chemically oxidized graphite oxide nanosheets with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized via two‐step sol‐gel deposition method and used as an effective photocatalyst for degradation of basic fuchsin (BF) dye. Structural properties of GO/ZnO nanocomposite were characterized with X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) methods, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area measurement. It was found that the GO/ZnO nanocomposite formed a two‐dimensional (2D) structure having a composition of 0.54GO/0.46ZnO (w/w) and average ZnO partic le size of 25–30 nm. The band gap of ZnO nanoparticles onto GO nanosheets was found to be 3.25 eV while that of bulk ZnO nanoparticles was determined as 3.70 eV. Photocatalytic degradation works were performed into a UV‐chamber by following the concentration of BF dye. Degradation reaction was modeled with the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood pseudo first‐order kinetic model. GO/ZnO nanocomposite increased the apparent reaction rate constant (k) about three times compared to bulk ZnO nanoparticles under UV light.

Bond strength and marginal microleakage in restorations photopolymerized with LED and halogen light associated with three application modes of a universal adhesive system: in vitro study

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the bond strength and marginal microleakage in composite resin restorations, using the Single Bond Universal adhesive system associated with Ultralux (halogen) and Bluephase (LED) light curing units. Methods: For bond strength, 80 healthy human third molars were divided into halogen light (n=40) and LED (n=40), and subdivided according to the following application techniques for the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse (enamel), self-etching (enamel), etch-and-rinse (dentin), and self-etching (dentin). The teeth were subjected to the microtensile test and the fracture pattern was observed under an optical microscope at 40X magnification; they were analyzed by ANOVA, and Fisher and Tukey’s tests (5%). For the marginal microleakage test, 120 class II cavities were prepared in 60 healthy human third molars that were randomly divided into halogen light (n=30) and LED (n=30), and subdivided according to the following application techniques for the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse, selective etching, and self-etching. The teeth were thermocycled 2000 times (±5/55°C), stained in 5% basic fuchsin and sectioned for qualitative and quantitative assessments; they were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests (5%). Results: For the bond strength of enamel and dentin, the adhesive application with prior acid etching was better than self-etching (p&lt;0.0001), regardless of the type of light curing unit (p&lt;0.05). Etch-and-rinse showed the lowest microleakage values (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Etch-and-rinse obtained the best results relative to the other application techniques for the adhesive system in both tests, regardless of the type of light curing unit.