Fuchsin Research Articles

Novel environmentally-friendly 0D/3D TiO2@FeMoO4 binary composite with boosted photocatalytic performance: Structural analysis and Z-scheme interpretations

For efficient pollutant degradation under any extreme circumstances, TiO2-based photocatalyst being accessible and inexpensive will be a desirable engineering source satisfying excellent photocatalytic performance in an eco-friendly manner. Here, we report the unfolded way of designing the novel concept of Z-scheme heterojunction consisting of TiO2 and FeMoO4 via thermal techniques in which hydrothermal treatment was coupled sequentially by the calcination step. The well-aligned band structure of the developed composite, possessing numerous active sites, enhanced the separation of the generated charge carriers which in turn boosted the photocatalytic efficiency. The prepared photocatalysts were thoroughly investigated via different techniques like XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM-EDS, Pl, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. The TiO2-8 wt.% FeMoO4 (TF 8%) photocatalyst displayed better photocatalytic performance for removing Basic Fuchsin dye (BF) in 20min than other counterparts under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the probable photocatalytic mechanism was evidenced by XPS results and the trapping experiments. Trapping experiments revealed that •O2− and •OH radicals were the primary active species. The synthesized TF 8% photocatalyst has revealed outstanding durability after five successive recycles without change in the structural features which was confirmed by XRD analysis. This work could provide new perspectives into various environmental applications by utilizing highly efficient materials that have been strategically constructed.

A Magnetic Photocatalytic Composite Derived from Waste Rice Noodle and Red Mud.

This study is the first to convert two waste materials, waste rice noodles (WRN) and red mud (RM), into a low-cost, high-value magnetic photocatalytic composite. WRN was processed via a hydrothermal method to produce a solution containing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Simultaneously, RM was dissolved in acid to form a Fe3+ ion-rich solution, which was subsequently mixed with the CQDs solution and underwent hydrothermal treatment. During this process, the Fe3+ ions in RM were transformed into the maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) phase, while CQDs were incorporated onto the γ-Fe2O3 surface, resulting in the CQDs/γ-Fe2O3 magnetic photocatalytic composite. Experimental results demonstrated that the WRN-derived CQDs not only facilitated the formation of the magnetic γ-Fe2O3 phase but also promoted a synergistic interaction between CQDs and γ-Fe2O3, enhancing electron-hole pair separation and boosting the production of reactive radicals such as O2·- and ·OH. Under optimized conditions (pH = 8, carbon loading: 10 wt%), the CQDs/γ-Fe2O3 composite exhibited good photocatalytic performance against methylene blue, achieving a 97.6% degradation rate within 480 min and a degradation rate constant of 5.99 × 10-3 min-1, significantly outperforming RM and commercial γ-Fe2O3 powder. Beyond methylene blue, this composite also effectively degraded common organic dyes, including malachite green, methyl violet, basic fuchsin, and rhodamine B, with particularly high efficiency against malachite green, reaching a degradation rate constant of 5.465 × 10-2 min-1. Additionally, due to its soft magnetic properties (saturation magnetization intensity: 16.7 emu/g, residual magnetization intensity: 2.2 emu/g), the material could be conveniently recovered and reused after photocatalytic cycles. Even after 10 cycles, it retained over 98% recovery and 96% photocatalytic degradation efficiency, underscoring its potential for cost-effective, large-scale photocatalytic water purification.

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Basic Fuchsin-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Films for Flexible Optoelectronics

Abstract Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing different levels of basic fuchsine (BF) was prepared using the solution casting method. Characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy detailed changes in functional groups within the PVA/BF composites, indicates the hydrogen bonding between OH group of PVA and BF molecules. Optical investigations spanning the 190-2500 nm range demonstrated UV blocking properties in prepared PVA/BF composites (fromn 2.05 to 2.56 eV and from 4.08 to 6.32 eV). Moreover, the studies on optical band gap indicated a decrease with increased BF concentrations, reflecting altered electronic transitions within the prepared composites. The study also employed the single oscillator model provided by Wemple-DiDomenico to elucidate refractive index variations. After incorporating BF dye into the PVA polymer, the values of the dielectric constant as the frequency approaches infinity (ε∞), the dielectric constant of lattice (εL), dispersion energy (Ed), and oscillator energy (Eo) in PVA/BF composite samples showed an increase. Moreover, the nonlinear optical properties, including optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index were investigated and discussed. These findings underscore the versatility of PVA doped with BF for various applications including optical filters, and solar cell devices.

Highly efficient removal of adsorbed cationic dyes by dual-network chitosan-based hydrogel

This research presents the effective preparation of a novel dual network chitosan-based hydrogel (CMAPP) for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), crystalline violet (CV), and basic fuchsin (BF) using the sol-gel method to address the escalating issue of dye pollution. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, TGA, and zeta potential study examined hydrogel production and physicochemical properties. To ascertain the maximum adsorption capacity, the influences of pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on adsorption were systematically analyzed. It was observed that CMAPP demonstrated significant removal efficiencies (97.62%, 96.67%, 98.12%, and 99.32%) for the dyes MB, MG, CV, and BF at a concentration of 500 mg/L under optimal conditions. The findings from the adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies indicated that pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model were the most appropriate for characterizing the adsorption process of hydrogels. The thermodynamic findings demonstrated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. After five cycles of adsorption, the hydrogel demonstrated a consistent dye removal efficiency of around 80%, indicating commendable recyclability. In the interference studies, CMAPP exhibits superior anti-interference capability against CV and BF, which is advantageous for its practical application. The findings from XPS and FTIR investigations indicate that electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and n-π interactions are the primary forces between the adsorbent and the dyes. The synthesis of CMAPP offers an innovative approach for the effective elimination of cationic dyes and demonstrates significant potential in the treatment of complicated wastewater.

Removal and determination of basic fuchsin from wastewater using natural sugar cane bagasse by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

Removal and determination of basic fuchsin from wastewater using natural sugar cane bagasse by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

Adsorption of cationic basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solution using green synthesized zinc oxide coated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (ZnO-rGO NC)

Adsorption of cationic basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solution using green synthesized zinc oxide coated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (ZnO-rGO NC)

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage below the Orthodontic Brackets after Bonding with Various Adhesive Agents: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of the current study was to assess the microleakage below orthodontic brackets after bonding with three different adhesive materials. In total, 75 healthy human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic treatment were utilized in this investigation. The samples were divided into three groups of 25 samples randomly. Premolar brackets with stainless steel bondable 0.022 slot pre-adjusted edgewise appliances were utilized. Group I: Brackets bonded with Nanocomposite Filtek Z350 XT, group II: brackets bonded with Transbond XT, group III: brackets bonded with resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement-GC Fuji Ortho LC. A surveyor applied a 200 g weight to each bracket, making minor adjustments to ensure the adhesive thickness was consistent. Thermocycling was then carried out for 1000 cycles at 5 ± 2°C to 55 ± 2°C with a dwell time of 30 s and a transfer time of 5 s. The samples were incubated in a 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for a day. Every sample was inspected using a stereomicroscope with a ×16 magnification. The data were collected and analyzed. The least microleakage was found in Transbond XT adhesive group (1.84 ± 0.12), followed by Filtek Z350 XT (1.96 ± 0.08) and GC Fuji Ortho LC (2.44 ± 0.10) group. There was a highly significant difference between the different adhesive agent groups. There was a statistically significant difference found between Filtek Z350 XT vs GC Fuji Ortho LC and Transbond XT vs GC Fuji Ortho LC with a mean difference of -0.48 and 0.60, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between Filtek Z350 XT vs Transbond XT with a mean difference of 0.12. Within the limitation, the present study concluded that the Transbond XT showed better adhesive properties and least microleakage compared with Filtek Z350 XT and GC Fuji Ortho LC. There are many undesirable side effects of orthodontic therapy, including cavities, demineralization, and discoloration of the enamel. Unpleasant "white-spot lesions" or secondary caries under and around the brackets can result from microleakage between the adhesive and the base of the orthodontic bracket as well as between the adhesive and the enamel. How to cite this article: Singh S, Brajendu, Haque I, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage below the Orthodontic Brackets after Bonding with Various Adhesive Agents: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(8):722-725.

Enhanced physicochemical properties of Himalayan Weeping Bamboo-biochar for rapid multicomponent textile dyes uptake under classical and ultrasound irradiation: A comparative study

This study focused on synthesizing a low-cost adsorbent via a unique two-step solvothermal slow pyrolysis of Drepanostachyum falcatum plant biomass. It evaluated its adsorption capabilities for removing various textile dyes, including methylene blue (MB), basic fuchsin (BF), and methyl orange (MO), from aqueous solutions. Under conventional and ultrasound-assisted conditions, the adsorption performance was assessed for single, binary, and ternary dye systems. Comprehensive investigations examined the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, humic acid, and interfering ions on adsorption. The findings revealed that ultrasonication significantly accelerated the adsorption process, making it up to six times faster than classical adsorption methods, and equilibrium was reached in one-tenth the time required without ultrasound. The experimental data best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism. Additionally, the Freundlich isotherm suggested multilayer sorption on the biochar surface. Maximum adsorption capacities under ultrasound were found to be 139.34 mg/g for MB, 75.09 mg/g for MO, and 98.13 mg/g for BF dyes, with a higher affinity observed for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes. The study provides insights into an efficient, novel synthesis method for converting waste biomass into a valuable adsorbent for dye removal. It also highlights the role of ultrasound in enhancing physicochemical properties, facilitating improved mass transfer, and promoting better interaction between the dyes and the adsorbent.

Synthesis of heterostructured microspheres for efficient removal of malachite green and basic fuchsine

The pollution of aqueous solution with dyes poses great hazard to the environment and human health. Adsorption has been extensively adopted for decontaminating dyes from wastewater. A series of heterostructured microspheres (PSDVB-PHEA) with adjustable structure and composition were prepared by emulsion interfacial polymerization for removing malachite green (MG) and basic fuchsine (BF). The heterostructured microspheres show the maximum adsorption capacities of 122.84 mg·g−1 for MG and 84.25 mg·g−1 for BF. The optimum adsorption pH for MG and BF is 7. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm process follow pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model. The microspheres also exhibit good performance in the presence of Na(I) and K(I). Adsorption mechanism demonstrates the OH, C-O and C=O groups participate in the adsorption. The heterostructured microspheres show excellent reusability and maintain 92.0 % regeneration rate after ten cycles. This work provided a simple method for synthesizing efficient adsorbents to remove MG and BF from aqueous solution.

Surface modification of heterostructured Bi8W4O24/ZrO2@GO composite via low-pressure cold plasma for boosting photocatalytic potential against Basic fuchsin and Bismarck brown Y dyes.

The widely used dyes, Basic fuchsin (BF) and Bismarck brown Y (BBY), pose significant risks to water resources and human health, necessitating efficient removal methods. Semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis offers an eco-friendly solution. However, improving the photocatalyst's efficiency remains a challenge. This study aims to fabricate a promising Bi8W4O24/ZrO2@GO (BWOZG) heterojunction via hydrothermal approach, followed by low-pressure cold plasma (LPCP) treatment to improve its properties for environmental remediation of BF and BBY dyes along with industrial wastewater. The prepared composites were analyzed via DLS, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, and EPR. The findings indicated that the LPCP-treated BWOZG has z-average of 225 ± 5nm, zeta potential of - 38.74 ± 2mV, band gap of 2.20eV, a porous morphology, and mixed orthorhombic Bi8W4O24 and tetragonal ZrO2 phases. LPCP-treated BWOZG composite exhibited 5% increase in degradation efficiency of BF (99.7%) at pH = 6, catalyst dose = 20mg L-1, dye dose and irradiation time = 10mg L-1/30min, and 6% for BBY (98%) at pH = 5, catalyst dose = 30mg L-1, dye dose and irradiation time = 10mg L-1/30min, and 80.41% reduction in COD of industrial wastewater. The successful degradation of dyes to nontoxic species was confirmed by FTIR. The formation of •OH and O2-• radical species during photocatalytic process was confirmed by EPR analysis. Kinetics study showed the best fitness of the pseudo-first-order model on experimental data. LPCPT-BWOZG retained 91 and 89% recyclability after five cycles of BF and BBY degradation, respectively, and good broad-spectrum bactericidal activity for E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating its potential as antibacterial photocatalytic materials for oxidation of organic pollutants in aqueous media to enhance the environmental safety.

S-scheme QDs-sized photocatalyst fabricated through combination of TiO2-x with gray BiOCl for efficient removal of organic pollutants upon visible light

As a safe and environmentally friendly technology, photocatalysis has a promising application in removing various pollutants from water systems. Herein, novel S-scheme QDs-sized TiO2-x/gray BiOCl (TiO2-x/G-BiOCl) heterojunction photocatalysts were successfully fabricated via a simple strategy. Among the photocatalysts, TiO2-x/G-BiOCl (20 %) nanocomposite exhibited superior activity in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline) TC(, azithromycin (Azi), fuchsine (FS), and malachite green)MG) upon visible light, which was about 14.1, 24.8, 11.4, and 4.61 folds higher than TiO2-x, and 18.5, 14.1, 28.4, and 11.4 times greater than G-BiOCl, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic activity of TiO2-x/G-BiOCl (20 %) nanocomposite was attributed to the significant light-harvesting ability, diminished electron/hole pair recombination, and superior textural properties. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the resulting solution following TC removal over the TiO2-x/G-BiOCl (20 %) sample was investigated by the growth of wheat seeds. More importantly, this study provided new insights for designing high-efficiency visible-light-triggered photocatalysts employing defect-rich materials.

Does different application modes of universal adhesives with universal resin composites affect the microleakage in class V cavities? An in vitro study

AimComposite restorations often have gingival margins near the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), where the microleakage of these margins can significantly contribute to the restoration failure, especially in the cervical lesions. It is important to determine the microleakage is crucial, as it typically occurs through the interfacial gap between the tooth and the restoration. Various resin composites and techniques have been developed to minimize this gap and reduce the risk of microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the levels of microleakage of different modes of a universal adhesive and two novel resin composites in restoring class V cavities in the central incisors.MethodsSixty-six freshly extracted sound human central incisors of the similar size were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 33 per group) according to the brand of resin composite. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups based on the Scotch Bond Universal (3 M ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA) application protocol used: (a) total etch, (b) self-etch and (c) selective etch. After composite restoration completed with Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and Filtek Universal Restorative (3 M ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA), each tooth was immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsin dye solution at 37C0 for 24 h. After dye penetration, teeth were sectioned and evaluated with conventional (scoring) and digital methods (ImageJ). The intra- and inter-examiner agreement was estimated according to the Kappa statistics and the results were analyzed with the one-way ANNOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe rates of microleakage of the gingival and incisal margins are statistically similar, regardless of the composite brand and the method of application of the universal adhesive.ConclusionThe microleakage exhibited by current adhesives and resins is independent of the adhesive application mode and measurement method.

Sequential irradiation does not improve fatigue crack propagation resistance of human cortical bone at 15 kGy

Sequential irradiation has been advocated for mitigating the reduction in fatigue properties of tendon compared to a single dose. However, to our knowledge, its capability of mitigating fatigue losses in bone is unknown. Recently, we reported that sequential irradiation did not mitigate losses in high-cycle S-N fatigue life of cortical bone at 15 kGy; however, it is unclear if sequential irradiation provides a benefit to fatigue crack propagation resistance. Our previous study also showed that radiation-induced collagen chain fragmentation and crosslinking increased from 0 to 15 kGy, suggesting that both likely contribute to the reduction in high-cycle S-N fatigue life within this dose range. Our objectives were: 1) to evaluate the fatigue crack propagation resistance of cortical bone and the effect of radiation on fracture plane damage zone thickness (DZT) at the crack tip in the dose range of 0–15 kGy, and 2) to evaluate whether sequential irradiation at 15 kGy mitigates the loss of fatigue crack propagation resistance of cortical bone compared to a single irradiation dose. Compact tension specimens from four male donor femoral pairs (ages 21–61 years old) were divided into 5 treatment groups (0 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy, and a 15 kGy sequential irradiation dose of 5 kGy sequentially irradiated with 10 kGy) and subjected to fatigue crack propagation testing (n = 3–4 specimens per group) where fatigue crack growth rate da/dN and cyclic stress intensity factor ΔK were determined. Following testing, specimens were bulk stained in basic fuchsin, embedded in poly(methylmethacrylate), sectioned, and mounted on acrylic slides to evaluate fracture plane DZT at known crack lengths. Sections were then imaged with a fluorescence microscope, and fracture plane DZT was measured using ImageJ (n = 3–4 specimens per group) and analyzed as a function of ΔK. We observed a decrease in fatigue crack propagation resistance at 15 kGy compared to doses of 10 kGy or lower (p ≤ 0.013). Fracture plane DZT decreased overall with increasing radiation dose from 0 to 15 kGy. Sequential irradiation offered no improvement in fatigue crack propagation resistance (p = 0.98). Radiation-induced collagen chain fragmentation and crosslinking in this dose range likely contribute to a decrease in energy dissipation capability with increasing radiation dose. Other alternative radiation sterilization methods besides sequential irradiation may be warranted to mitigate radiation-induced tissue damage and extend the functional lifetime of structural cortical bone allografts.

Kirschner wire creates more microdamage than standard or acrylic drill bits in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculi) femur.

Histologically evaluate damage to rabbit femur after the creation of bicortical 1.5-mm-diameter holes using a standard surgical drill bit, an acrylic drill bit, and a Kirschner wire (K-wire). 10 femora (5 pairs) from skeletally mature female intact New Zealand white rabbits were used. The bone diaphyses were divided into 4 locations, systematically undergoing each test (surgical drill bit, acrylic drill bit, K-wire, and intact control). Four pairs were drilled using a mechanical testing machine, and 1 pair was drilled by hand. Cross-sections of the bone were stained en bloc with basic fuchsin for undecalcified histological evaluation. Damaged bone was reported as a percentage of a standardized area and categorized by location (cis- or transcortex), drill contact (entrance or exit of the cortex), and total damage (both cortices). The drilling method (hand vs mechanical testing machine) had no effect on histologic damage, so results were analyzed by combining all data. The K-wire demonstrated the greatest area of cracks/damage compared to both standard surgical and acrylic drill bits, whereas no difference in damage was noted between the 2 drill bits for all variables. The K-wire and drill bits caused microdamage; K-wire drilling created more microdamage than drill bits. The rabbit bone cortex is thin and brittle relative to dogs and cats, leading to failure during and after fracture fixation. The clinical failure of rabbit bone is at least partially caused by drill bits or K-wires causing microcracks.

Validated Spectrofluorometric Assay for Folic Acid Determination in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms via Basic Fuchsin Fluorescence Quenching.

A simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective spectrofluorometric method for quantifying folic acid has been developed using basic fuchsin as a fluorescence quenching agent. This method relies on the quenching effect of folic acid on the inherent fluorescence of basic fuchsin, facilitated by their interaction in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 9, leading to the formation of an ion-associated complex. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of basic fuchsin was measured at 730 nm, with excitation at 365 nm. The method demonstrated a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9977) between the quenching fluorescence intensity (ΔF) and folic acid concentration over the range of 4-20 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.17 μg/mL. The method showed no significant interference from common excipients found in pharmaceutical tablets. The results obtained were in good agreement with those from high-performance liquid chromatography, with no significant differences in precision or accuracy. This spectrofluorimetric method was successfully applied to determine the folic acid content in various commercial pharmaceutical tablets.

Adsorption of synthetic cationic dyes from water (experimental, DFT and Monte Carlo studies) and treatment of real industrial wastewater using dextrose compound-modified layered double hydroxide

Dyes are a major water pollutant, and various methods have been employed to address the dye pollution in aqueous solutions. Currently, adsorption using inexpensive, abundant, and eco-friendly adsorbents like anionic clay is one of the simplest and most effective methods. This study aimed to investigate the fabrication of a novel layered double hydroxide modified with dextrose D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH composite via co-precipitation route for removing both synthetic Rhodamine B (RhB) and Basic Fuchsin (BF) dyes from aqueous solutions. Various characterization techniques were employed to comprehensively understand the properties of the as-synthesized material, including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET surface area analysis and zeta potential. To enhance the adsorption process of both basic dyes, experiments were conducted in a batch reactor to investigate the effects of key parameters such as reaction duration, initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. Cationic dyes uptake was predominantly observed within the first 10mins, reaching equilibrium in approximately 60mins. The D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH composite achieved removal efficiencies of 99% for BF dye and 60% for RhB dye at pH 10, which are considerably higher than that of bare Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH. The experimental adsorption data demonstrated excellent agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular simulations had been employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of BF and RhB dyes onto the D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH composite. Quantum parameters were calculated to characterize the electron density of the dyes which provided insights into their reaction behavior. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to calculate the fluctuation energy, and to determine probability distributions of adsorption energy, and geometry of the small adsorption energy poses for BF/D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH and RhB/ D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH. These results offer equilibrium statistical conditions that explain the adsorption mechanism behaviors between the D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH composite and BF/RhB dyes optimally. Importantly, the theoretical outcomes are in good agreement well with experimental results. Finally, the adsorption process is used to treat real industrial wastewater that mainly contains a mixture of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue as the cationic dyes. The D@Mg1.5Zn0.5Al-LDH composite has shown good efficiency in the treatment of real industrial wastewater.

Long-term clinical-pathologic results of enzyme replacement therapy in pre-hypertrophic fabry disease cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Limited ability of ERT in removing Gb-3 from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced FDCM. Pre-hypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. However, no pathologic confirmation is available. We report here in the long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Purpose Long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Methods Fifteen Fabry patients with LVMWT ≤ 10.5 mm at CMR required EMB because of angina and/or ventricular arrhythmias. EMB showed coronary small vessel disease in angina cohort and vacuoles in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes around 20% of cell surface containing myelin bodies at electron microscopy. Patients received α-agalsidase in 8 and β-agalsidase in 7 cases. Both groups referred symptoms improvement except 2 patients treated with α- and β-agalsidase respectively. After ERT administration ranging from 4 and 20 years all patients had control CMR and LVEMB because of persistence of symptoms or patients enquiry on disease resolution. Results In 13 asymptomatic FDCM patients, LVMWT and LV-mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, vacuole surface/cell surface ratio and vessels remained unchanged or minimally increased (LV-mass augmented by &amp;lt; 2%) even after 20 years observation and storage material was still present at electron microscopy. In 2 symptomatic patients, FDCM progressed with larger and more engulfed by Gb-3 myocytes being associated to myocardial virus-negative lymphocytic inflammation. Conclusions ERT stabilizes storage deposits and myocyte dimensions in 87% of patients with pre-hypertrophic FDCM. Gb-3 is never completely removed even after long-term treatment. Immune-mediated myocardial inflammation can overlap limiting ERT activity. Figure Legend Patient 11 (24-year-old man) with genetic and biopsy-proven diagnosis of FDCM before and after 20 years ERT. CineMR (A,B) and LGE (C,D) images, performed at baseline (A,C) and 20 years after ERT (B,D) show normal LV wall thickness (8mm and 10 mm) and absence of fibrotic areas. Panel E and F represent semithin section of Epon-embedded EMB samples, stained with basic fuchsin, showing mildly hypertrophied cardiomyocytes containing storage material that result unmodified after long-term ERT administration. Panel G and H are ultrastructural evidence of storage material to consist of myelin bodies (panel G) that remain unchanged after ERT (Panel H).

Utilization of desilication products as efficient adsorbents for the removal of basic fuchsine

Desilication products (DSPs) are one of the main components of bauxite residue, which is currently discharged without further usage. The present study reports on the use of DSPs as adsorbents for basic fuchsine dye. Using artificial spent liquor, we synthesized not only neat DSP but also solids in the presence of various organics, to account for their likely occurrence during the Bayer process. The physico-chemical properties of all DSPs are similar, except for the specific surface area (SSA), which decreases as the organic content in the final product increases. Further, we compared the adsorption characteristics of DSP to those of Y-type faujasite (FAUY). Strikingly, both time-dependent adsorption measurements and adsorption isotherms showed that DSP, despite its 28-fold smaller SSA, binds 4–5 times more dye molecules. Computational modelling for sodalite (as a model for DSP) and FAUY indicates not only more favourable adsorbent-adsorbate interactions, but also more available free Si-OH sites for binding of fuchsine in the case of sodalite. Finally, we find that organic impurities present in the Bayer liquor do not alter the adsorption capacity of neat DSP to any significant degree; therefore, this adsorbent tolerates numerous organic contaminants without decreasing its affinity to the binding of fuchsine.

Construction of Type-II Zn–SnO2/BiOBr heterojunctions with Dual-oxygen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic degradation

Zn–SnO2/BiOBr, a novel heterojunction material for photocatalytic dye degradation, was synthesized successfully using the one-step hydrothermal method. The formation of the heterojunction enhanced the vacancy coupling effect. The photocatalytic experiment results showed that the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) due to 0.3Zn–SnO2/BiOBr (the heterojunction formed when the molar ratio of Zn–SnO2 to BiOBr was 0.3) within 15 min was 9.27 and 476.9 times that of BiOBr and Zn–SnO2, respectively. Additionally, the degradation rate of basic fuchsin (BF) due to 0.3Zn–SnO2/BiOBr was 4.2 and 21.9 times that of BiOBr and Zn–SnO2, respectively. The significantly improved photocatalytic performance was because many oxygen vacancies in Zn–SnO2/BiOBr collaborated with the type-II heterojunction to promote a narrow bandgap value efficiently, increasing the photogenerated electrons (e–) and hole (h+), an increased charge separation efficiency under visible light, and favored the photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

Innovative fluorescence sensing platform for β-lactams based on acidity/basicity-sensitive graphdiyne quantum dots.

Residues of β-lactam antibiotics (β-LA) in the environment have posed a great threat to human health, while lacking a simple, effective, and universal sensing method. Herein, basic fuchsin and graphdiyne (GDY) were used as precursors to prepare the first reported acidity/basicity-sensitive GDY quantum dots (S-GDY QDs). We propose a novel fluorescence-sensing strategy for β-LA detection based on the ability of β-lactamases to catalyze β-LA to form carboxylic acid, which further induces a change in the acidity/basicity of the solution and causes a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of S-GDY QDs. Furthermore, a fluorescence test strip sensing platform integrated with a smartphone was established to achieve rapid, portable, and visual monitoring of β-LA. Using penicillin G as a model, a detection limit as low as 15.7 nM was achieved, showing important implications for β-LA detection.