Fruit Research Station Research Articles

VARIOUS GIBBERELLIN TREATMENTS ON PARTHENOCARPIC FRUIT DEVELOPMENT IN 'DEVECI' AND 'ANKARA' PEAR CULTIVARS

To promote parthenocarpic fruit set in ‘Deveci’ and ‘Ankara’ local pear cultivars, different doses of GA3, GA4+7 and Promalin treatments were carried out. The studies were conducted at the Fruit Research Station in the District of Lakes between 2008 and 2009. The obtained results varied by year, cultivar, and dose. The highest rate of parthenocarpic fruits was recorded in 15 g ha-1 of GA3 treatment in Deveci but in 10 g ha-1 of GA4+7 treatment in Ankara. The low rate of first quality fruits in the Promalin treatments indicates that they must be evaluated more carefully than the other treatments.

Responses of '0900 Ziraat' Sweet Cherry Variety Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Salt Stress

This study was conducted to determine the responses of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium L.) and mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) rootstocks, to different irrigation water salinity levels. One year old sweet cherry trees were planted in 50-liter pots at Eğirdir Fruit Research Station (Isparta, Turkey). Four different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.3 dS m-1, S2=2.0 dS m-1, S3=4.0 dS m-1 and S4=6 dS m-1) were used for both variety/rootstock combinations. The results showed that sweet cherry trees grafted on mahaleb rootstocks extracted more water under saline conditions than the ones grafted on mazzard. Water salinity levels caused more damage on 0900/mazzard than on 0900/mahaleb. Towards the end of the growing period, plant deaths were detected in S3 and S4 treatments. While leaf water potential (LWP) ranged from -1.54 to -3.33 MPa, stomatal conductance ranged from 26.8 to 199.5 mmol m-2 s-1. It was determined that both parameters decreased towards the end of the growing period for all treatments. Sodium (Na) uptake was excluded by 0900/mahaleb rootstocks, but chloride (Cl−) uptake was excluded only for higher saline conditions. As a result, mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) rootstock could be recommended to be used as rootstock for sweet cherry culture under saline conditions.

Genetic diversity analysis in guava (Psidium guajava) on the basis of morphological and physico-chemical traits

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In view of this, thirty five guava (Psidium guajava L.) genotypes maintained at the Fruit Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and its Regional Fruit Research Station, Bahadurgarh, Patiala were evaluated for tree, vegetative, reproductive, fruit and seed characters based on UPOV descriptors during years 2010 to 2013. Morpho physiological data was subjected to Mahalanobis D2 statistic and it grouped the tested genotypes into six clusters with Cluster III and V showing maximum inter cluster distance. Cluster I, cluster IV, cluster V and cluster VI showed intra cluster distance of 55.12, 55.40, 50.70 and 61.84, respectively, indicating that the genotypes in these clusters have dissimilarity for morphological features and performance. Cluster III had highest mean value for fruit weight (312.39 g), fruit length (109.60 mm), fruit width (72.88 mm) and fruit outer flesh thickness (17.95 mm) and least mean values for seed weight per 100 g of fruit (0.933 g). Cluster V was characterized by minimum mean value for 100-seed weight (1.017 g) and maximum value for total soluble solids (11.60 %) and titrable acidity (0.486 %). Contribution towards observed diversity was found to be 47.90, 16.73, 13.11 and 10.76 per cent for seed weight per fruit, fruit diameter, 100-seed weight and leaf width. Genotypes from Cluster III, V and IV may be chosen for intercrossing to get the desired trait combinations through high heterotic response and superior recombinants in their progenies.

SCREENING OF GERMPLASM AGAINST CASHEW TEA MOSQUITO BUG (HELOPELTIS ANTONII)

Field screening to natural infestation of tea mosquito bug was done for seven consecutive years, in total 18 cashew accessions consisting of released cultivars, promising hybrids and other accessions. The screening trail was conducted at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle during the years 2004-05 to 2010-11. The damage to the shoot, panicle and nut surface was assessed by scoring in the 0-4 scale system. The result indicated that all the accession are susceptible to tea mosquito bug infestation with not any resistant/tolerant to the target insect pest. The intensity of percent infestation was found to vary among the accessions.

First Report of Downy Mildew on Blackberry Caused by Peronospora sparsa in Arkansas

In March of 2014, blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) greenhouse seedlings with leaf symptoms that included yellowing on the leaf surface and reddish brown angular lesions with necrotic centers and chlorotic margins were detected in the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR (35°32.065' N, 93°24.3564' W). Symptoms were observed on multiple blackberries in the greenhouse, with an estimated prevalence of 25%. Three symptomatic samples of the affected plants were submitted to the Plant Health Clinic in Fayetteville, AR, for diagnosis. Sporulation was observed on the underside of the symptomatic leaf tissue. Hyaline sporangiophores were observed emerging from stomata on the undersides of leaves, 295 to 620 × 4 to 6 μm with long, straight trunks and were branched 3 to 4 times with bifurcated tips, with a length of 5 to 23 μm. Typically, one branch of each pair curved inward and one reflexed. Sporangiophores ended with sporangia that were round or slightly ovoid, colorless to yellowish-brown, and 14 to 22 × 11 to 18 μm. The causal agent was morphologically identified as Peronospora sparsa Berk (1,2). The identification was confirmed using a molecular method directly from plant tissue. DNA was extracted from two samples (~3 × 3 mm) from each of three symptomatic leaves, followed by PCR amplification using P. sparsa-specific rDNA-ITS region primers P1: 5'-CACGTGAACCGTATCAACC-3' and P2: 5'-GATAGGGCTTGCCCAGTAG-3' (GenBank Accession No. Y15816) (4). DNA amplification was successful, resulting in a product of 94 bp, confirming that P. sparsa was present in the symptomatic blackberry tissue. Sporulating leaf tissue was laid on the underside of surface sterilized blackberry leaves from three plants with a similar genetic background and incubated at 17°C with a 12-h photoperiod in a moist chamber. Sporangiophores and sporangia developed on the underside of lesions on previously uninfected leaves 16 days after inoculation. As a control, leaves from the same three plants were surface sterilized and placed in a moist chamber and incubated at 17°C with a 12-h photoperiod and examined 16 days later. No lesions or sporulation developed on the controls. Previously, P. sparsa has been reported on blackberry in California (3) and Mexico (5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sparsa causing downy mildew on blackberry in Arkansas.

Tuz Stresinin Farklı Anaçlar Üzerine Aşılı Kirazın Vejetatif Gelişimine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

In this study, the effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity on vegetative development of 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry variety was investigated. The study was conducted at Egirdir Fruit Research Station as pot experiment in 2013. One year old nurseries (0900 Ziraat variety) grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium L.) and mahalep (Prunus mahalep L.) rootstocks used commonly for sweet cherry growing in Turkey were used. A mixture (40 kg) of sand+loamy soil+peat+farm yard (1:2:1:0.5 ratios) was placed into 50 liter pots and one year old sweet cherry trees were planted in 50 litre pots. Four different levels of salinity water treatments (T1=0.3 dS m-1, T2=2.0 dS m-1, T3=4.0 dS m-1 and T4=6 dS m-1) were used for both variety/rootstocks combinations as research subjects. The all measurements were done for every 15 days during growing period for determining effects of salinity water treatments on trunk diameter, plant height, shoot length and shoot diameter and periodic alterations were also determined. According to the study, it was determined that vegetative development of sweet cherry trees was inhibited by salinity stress. According to results of vegetative development, it was found that nurseries grafted on mazzard rootstocks (Prunus avium L.) were more sensitive than nurseries grafted on mahalep rootstocks (Prunus mahalep L.). It can be that mahalep rootstock should be used for sweet cherry growing areas which has high irrigation water salinity

Improved In Vitro Propagation of Paulownia elongata, P. fortunei and its Interspecific Hybrid P. elongata x P. fortunei

Our paper presents an effective micropropagation protocol for Paulownia sp. (P. elongata, P. fortuneiand a P. elongata x P. fortunei hybrid). For in vitro culture initiation, axillary buds as well as seeds wereused. For the multiplication stage, modified Murashige & Skoog (MS) was tested, supplemented with0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzilaminopurine) and mT (meta-topoline) at the concentrations of 0.5, 0.7 and 1mg/l. The media supplemented with BAP ensured intense proliferation of axillary buds but they alsocaused negative physiological effects (abundant callus growth at the plantlets’ base). In the P. elongata xP. fortunei hybrid as well as in P. elongata 1 mg/l mT ensured the highest proliferation and multiplicationrates, but the plantlets that resulted from the media supplemented with 0.5 and 0.7 mg/l mT were morevigorous and well developed. In P. fortunei 1 mg/l mT ensured average proliferation rates of 9.28 andaverage multiplication rates of 12.92. Wheat starch proved to be a cheap and very effective alternativegelling agent. Ex vitro rooting and acclimatization was very successful by using Jiffy7 pellets and floatingperlite, the latter being a technique elaborated at the Fruit Research Station Cluj, with acclimatizationpercentages of more than 80 % in the 3-5 cm long shoots and more than 60 % in the 2-2.5 cm longshoots. The protocol developed allowed eliminating the in vitro rooting stage in the commonly usedprocesses in the industry.

Phenolic compounds of apple cultivars resistant or susceptible to Venturia inaequalis

Content: Phenolic compounds play an important role in the plant defense mechanism and are responsible for antioxidant capacity in fruits and vegetables. It is known that the phenolics can determine in the leaves of plants which are resistant/susceptible to fungal infections.Objective: This study investigated the total phenolic compounds, content of shikimic acid from 33 different apple cultivars leaves infected with Venturia inaequalis [(Cke). Wint.] cultured in Fruit Research Station, in Egirdir, Isparta, Turkey.Materials and methods: Leaves of apple cultivars were collected three times in an interval of 30 d from July to September in 2010, and analyzed using HPLC methods to detect changes in the amount of the phenolic compounds and shikimic acid.Results: Total phenolic compounds and shikimic acid in resistant/moderate susceptible apple cultivars were higher than susceptible apple cultuvars, although not statistically different between resistant and susceptible apples. The content of shikimic acid was statistically higher only in the leaves of the domestic cultivar Ankara güzeli on all three dates.Discussion and conclusion: Recently, there have been increased studies trying to explain the resistance mechanism in plants. Natural resistance genes are investigated in some apple cultivars and new resistance varieties which have resistant genes are identified daily. Our study hold to determine the relationship between the phenolic compounds and the expression of resistance seems to be promising.

A Research on the affinity coefficients of Red Globe grape variety with 140 R, 41 B rootstocks

This research has been performed in order to evaluate four different affinity coefficients with formulas, with the purpose to determine achievement ratios related to the omega grafting applied onto the 41 B, 140R rootstock of the Red Globe grape variety which is commercially important grape variety in Lakes Region of Turkey. The study was done in Egirdir Fruit Research Station in Isparta city of Turkey. When the affinity values were statistically analyzed according to rootstocks and year, combinations was significantly evaluated and by evaluating 2012 and 2013 year's data consecutively, hopeful combinations were determined. It has been determined that 2013 years affinity coefficients and 140 R rootstock combination were slightly better than 2012 year and 41B combination. It has been determined that evaluating only with the formulations is not sufficient to get an exact result by the determination of a good affinity. Therefore it is needed to continue studies in future for a long time growing. The results which were evaluated in this study and next years' studies results must be evaluated together when a stable affinity occurs, a final result and suggestion can be made about combinations. Rootstock proposals regarding to the varieties and regions can be made paying special attention to these features will be beneficial for successful viticulture in the future.

Effect of Mulching Material on Growth, Yield and Quality of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Thunb) Cv. Kiran

The field experiment conducted on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) cv. Kiran at Fruit Research Station, Lalbaugh, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, J.A.U., Junagadh during summer season of 2010 to study the effect of different mulching material on growth, yield and quality of water melon cv. Kiran. All the plant growth, yield and quality characters were superior with silver on black polyethylene mulch while, plants without mulch (control) resulted poor growth and yield. With economic point of view, silver on black mulch resulted in the highest net return and found to be more economical with highest cost:benefit ratio.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA

Plum producers world-wide are facing multiple challenges including climate change, reductions in available labor, the need for reduced chemical inputs, the spread of native and exotic pests and pathogens, and consumer demands for improved fruit quality and health benefits. Meeting these challenges will require innovation in many areas of science and technology and especially in plum breeding. In an effort to develop new approaches to plum improvement the USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station fruit breeding program in collaboration with partners in the U. S. and Europe have developed a genetic engineering (GE) approach to target resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) the causal agent of sharka, one of the most destructive diseases of plum. This program has resulted in the development of a GE plum cultivar 'HoneySweet' which has been tested for 15 years in the European Union and in the U. S. and is highly resistant to PPV. 'HoneySweet' has received full regulatory approval in the U. S. 'HoneySweet' represents a new source of PPV resistance for growers and it can be used by breeders to develop additional resistant cultivars and/or rootstocks. Rapidly incorporating important traits into improved plum cultivars requires new approaches to breeding that can reduce or eliminate breeding limitations such as long juvenility periods; the need for extensive and costly breeding plots; and yearly limitations on flowering and fruiting related to seasonal dormancy. To address these limitations the USDA group and partners in the U. S. have developed a system to shorten the breeding cycle of plum. We have overcome the juvenility and environmental limitations of flowering and fruiting by incorporating a gene that induces trees to flower early and continually. We have reduced the plum generation cycle from 3-7 years to less than one year. We call this rapid breeding system FasTrack. The system allows for the rapid incorporation of important traits into plums and then in the final generation, when substantial improvements are clearly evident, only seedlings that do not contain the early flowering transgene are selected. The selected trees may then be used directly as new cultivars, or improved lines for further breeding. Genetic engineering of important traits, FasTrack breeding, and other approaches that are under development will allow the latest advances in biology to be applied to improving and sustaining plum production.

Factors Influencing the Incidence of Mango Leaf Webber, <i>Orthaga euadrusalis</i> Hampson, (Pyralidae:Lepidoptera) in Mango and Their Management

Screening, seasonal activity and management studies of mango leaf webber, Orthaga euadrusalis Hampson, (Pyralidae : lepidoptera) carried out at Fruit Research Station (FRS), Entkhedi, The least susceptible varieties were Chinnarasm, Piddarasm, Bombaygreen, Malda, Sindhuri and Alphanjo. While the most susceptible varieties were Mango Glass, Dahiyar, Temuria and Langrah. Significantly higher infestation was recorded in varieties had higher and dense tree canopy (r value = 0.838). Pest remained active in mango orchard from June to December and completed different over lapping generations during this period.Mechanical removal in early part of the season spot treatment with Imidacloprid (0.02%) and application of insect growth regulator Diflubenzuron were found effective and most feasible for the management of mango leaf webber.

The Direct Ex Vitro Rooting and Acclimation of Some Horticultural Species in Jiffy7 Pellets

Several researchers have used Jiffy7 pellets for direct ex vitro rooting and acclimation as well as for rooting cuttings. At the Fruit Research Station Cluj experiments were carried out for the direct ex vitro rooting and acclimation of some horticultural species in Jiffy7 pellets in order to avoid the expensive and labour-intensive in vitro rooting phase. Polyproplylene multi-purpose trays covered with transparent lids were used as culture vessels, in order to ensure optimal air humidity. The ex vitro rooting and acclimation phases were of one month and most species had high survival rates.

Determination of Carotenoids and their Esters in Fruits of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) by HPLC‐DAD‐APCI‐MS

The berries of Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus have high nutritional and medicinal values and have been used for centuries as food both in Europe and Asia. The oleoresins represent a potential source of carotenoid esters and can be used as food additives, cosmetic ingredients or nutraceuticals. The objective of this study was to develop a HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS method, with both positive and negative ionisation modes, for the direct identification of the native carotenoid composition in fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides. Fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides, cv. Serbanesti and Victoria, were collected from an experimental field at the Fruit Research Station of Bacau, Romania. Samples were extracted using methanol:ethyl acetate:petroleum ether (1:1:1, v/v/v). The HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS analyses were carried out on a Shimadzu system using a YMC C₃₀-column and a gradient elution. In total 22 compounds were detected, eight were free carotenoids, nine were xanthophylls monoesters and five were xanthophylls diesters. Differences were observed in the relative percentage composition of the identified components among the two cultivars investigated. Zeaxanthin-C16:0,C16:0 was the most abundant diester. The unsaturated palmitoleic acid was directly detected in its esterified form, in zeaxanthin-C16:0,C16:1, which is reported here for the first time. Although present in small amounts the unsaturated oleic, linoleic, linolenic, hexadecadienoic and hexadecatrienoic acids were detected in their esterified forms as lutein monoesters, the last two having been detected in Hippophae rhamnoides for the first time. A novel (HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS) method was developed for the direct identification of the native carotenoid composition in fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides.

New varieties of rosa homologated at the Fruit Research Station Cluj between 2009-2011.

‘Violet’ and ‘Aroma’ are two new rosa varieties that were obtained at the Fruit Research Station from Cluj, Romania. They belong to the landscape group of roses. Between the years 2009 and 2011 the field behaviour of the new rosa varieties cultivars was studied, the decorative value was evaluated, as well as their resistance to frost and diseases. In regard to ornamental traits, the most important morphological characteristics were analyzed: the flower color, the habitus, the flowering waves and the way of using the cultivars in various landscape decorations such as: borders, massifs, hedges and small groups, covers.

Results Regarding In Vitro Proliferation in Goji (Lycium barbarum)

SUMMARY At the Fruit Research Station of Cluj experiments were done for the in vitro propagation of an important fruit shrub, Lycium barbarum. An experimental series was carried out in which MS basal medium was used, with different concentrations of growth regulators (BAP at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l or Kinetin at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l. All the variants were gelled with 6 g/l Plant Agar from Duchefa. On these variants the plant material generated callus and growth was inhibited, and the multiplication rate was zero. Another experimental series was carried out, in which Murashige & Skoog 1962 medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP was used, with the pH adjusted to 5.8 and 50 g/l starch was used as gelling agent. 2-node stem fragments were used as microcuttings, 7 pieces/vessel. The inoculi proliferated intensely and after a 2 month culture cycle 191 shoots resulted/vessel (an average of 27.29/plantlet), of which 174 were short, 0.5-2 cm in length and 17 were of 3-4 cm. Because some of the shoots could be fragmented in 2 microcuttings each, 221 microcuttings resulted/vessel, that is, a multiplication rate of 31.57 microcuttings/plantlet.

The Effectiveness of the Fertilizers Applied in the Plum and Cherry Orchards at the Fruit Research Station Cluj-Napoca

SUMMARY Fertilizing is an important step of the agrotechnical complex in the plum and cherry orchards (Koskela et al., 2010; Botu et al., 2010). This ensures high fruit productions every year (Davidescu et al., 1981; Rusu, 1993). This study focuses on the effects of applying different fertilizers on plum and cherry species. During 2010 these effects were monitored for the ‘Carpatin’ plum varietie and ‘Germersdorf’ cherry varietie. The planting distance for cherry trees is 6/3 m and for plum trees it's 4/3m. The experience was done on 6 variants each consisting of 6 randomly chosen trees: V1 – untreated, the control; V2 – fertilized with 20 t/ha of manure + N60 + P50 + K60/ha; V3 – fertilized N80 + P60 + K80/ha ;V4 – fertilized with 30 t/ha of manure + N80 + P50 + K125/ha; V5 – fertilized cu N90 + P60 + K120/ha;V6 – fertilized with 40 t/ha of manure + P70 + K100/ha. In order to determine the effectiveness of the fertilizers had been applied growth dynamics, phenological observations, average productions and the quality of the fruit were monitored. The biggest growth sprout for the plum trees was observed at the V6 variant, where the trees' total height increased by 2,95 m, the crown diameter increased by 2,10 m and the trunk diameter increased by 23 cm. In comparison to the control these dimensions show an increase of 18%, 12% and respectively 15%. For the cherry trees the biggest height, crown and trunk diameter development were also observed for the V6 variant. Experiments have proven the effect that organic fertilizers have in the orchards. Fertilizing improves vegetative growth and therefore an increased fruit production.

The evaluation of grafting success rate in some rose cultivars by the application of treatments with Ceraltin

The rose is a very popular plant species, it has an outstanding ornamental value and it has been grown since ancient times (Palocsay and Wagner, 1966). Tree roses are represented by the cultivars that are trained with trunk and stem or they are obtained by grafting some erect or even climbing cultivars, in the latter case weeping roses would result (Mateescu, 2002). The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Floriculture Laboratory in the framework of the Fruit Research Station Cluj. The aim of the research was to contribute to the increase of the success rate in the process of obtaining tree roses, by the use of Ceraltin® for increasing the grafting compatibility and better subsequent plant growth. The research was carried out in the years 2009-2011, as a series of bi-factorial experiments, in which the two factors, the cultivar and treatment with Ceraltin®, each had four, respectively two graduations. The experimental results were processed by the analysis of variance, by the “Duncan” test (Ardelean et al., 2002). Based on the experimental data, we conclude that the highest grafting success rate, in all the rose cultivars we studied, was obtained as a result of using the Ceraltin® for increasing grafting compatibility. The statistical rate of the effect of the treatment with the Ceraltin® is very high (82%) as compared to the effect of soil (16%), whereas the effect of interaction of the two factors is only 2 % of the total effects.

Feasibility and economic evaluation of low-cost evaporative cooling system in fruit and vegetables storage

The climate of most zones of Ethiopia is characterized as high ambient temperature combined with low relative humidity, which has a negative effect on fruit and vegetables quality during harvesting, transportation, storage and marketing. Low-cost natural and forced ventilation evaporative coolers have been developed for fresh fruit and vegetables storage under arid and semi-arid conditions. The coolers were found to be effective in maintaining micro-environmental conditions for fresh fruit and vegetables storage. This research was aimed at investigating the feasibility and economics of using forced ventilation low-cost evaporative cooling to improve the indoor air conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. To reduce the indoor temperature and raise relative humidity, low-cost forced air ventilation evaporative cooler of 2.6 m2 floor area was fabricated and tested at Haramaya University, Fruit and Vegetables Research Station, on the storability of banana, papaya, orange, mandarin, lemon, mango, tomato and carrot. A fixed operating air flow rate of 4.3 kg- 1 was used to evaluate cooling performance and energy efficiency ratio of the cooler. The results showed that the indoor dry bulb temperature significantly (P < 0.001) drops parallel with a significant (P < 0.001) rise in relative humidity during storage. The energy efficiency ratio (varying from 55 to 84%) was found to be high as the evaporative cooling system requires small electric power only for operating fan and water pump. The economic analysis indicates that the payback period of the evaporative cooling system is less than 1.2 years. The results clearly demonstrate thatthe forced ventilation evaporative cooling system should be recommended for use in developing countries in order to maintain better quality of produce. These results demonstrated the relevance of the use of this low-cost adiabatic cooling technology for shelflife extension of fruits and vegetables and thereby encourage organized women groups to involve in this perishable commodity handling and processing as a source of income.Key words: Cooling, Fruits, Vegetables, Feasibility, Storage

The Behaviour of some Plum Cultivars in the Centre of Transylvania

The plum remains the most important and the traditional fruit species in Romania due to the nutritional value of the fruits and the productivity and ecological plasticity of the cultivars provides an almost sure economic efficiency (Cociu, 1997; Ardelean and Sestras, 1999). At the Fruit Research Station of Cluj no studies had been made regarding the behaviour of the new plum cultivars, that's why the present range of plum cultivars is very poor and with low productivity. The research carried out in 2004-2009, regarding the reaction of some plum cultivars in the centre of Transylvania lead to the following results: From the phenological point of view, the studied cultivars are suitable for the climatic conditions of the region, although there were differences regarding temperatures and rainfall. High yields of good quality fruit were obtained in some cultivars.