Fruit Plants Research Articles

Miracle Fruit Pulp Transcriptomes Identify Genetic Variants in Support of Discovery Research and Breeding

Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is the botanical source of miraculin, a natural, noncaloric sweetener. Miracle fruit plants have a bush-like architecture and produce multiple flushes of attractive red berries each year. The berries consist of a large seed, opaque pulp, and brilliant red peel. The pulp of the fruit contains a glycoprotein, miraculin, that binds to the tongue’s sweet receptors and induces a conformational change in response to acidic stimuli. Thus, a strong sweet sensation is imparted in the absence of sugars. The miracle fruit plant is becoming increasingly popular because of its taste-modifying properties, but the species lacks many of the breeding tools common to other crops. We report miracle fruit pulp transcriptomes from ‘Sangria’, ‘Vermilion’, ‘Flame’, and ‘Cherry’ morphotypes. A consensus transcriptome included 91,856 transcripts. Reads mapping to the miraculin gene had the highest representation in individual miracle fruit pulp transcriptomes. Other abundant transcripts primarily included Gene Ontology categories representing cellular components, nucleus and nucleic acid binding, and protein modification. The transcriptomes were used to design real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) primers for actin, elongation factor 1α, and the miraculin gene. Analysis by qRT-PCR indicated that miracle fruit pulp and peel tissues had the highest abundance of miraculin transcripts, although other tissues such as leaf, root, and flower also had detectable levels of the target sequence. Overall, these results will support discovery research for miracle fruit and the eventual breeding of this species.

GROWTH PERORMANCE OF TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.) SEEDLINGS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SALINITY AND SODICITY

Agroforestry is a viable land-use option of salt affected soils which ensure the remunerative use of this valuable resource. A two years pot study was carried out to evaluate salinity tolerance of tamarind fruit plant against different levels of salinity and sodicity. Treatments included were: T1 = ECe, 1.17 dS m-1 + SAR, 10.87, T2 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T3 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T4 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T5 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T6 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T7 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T8 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T9 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T10 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 45. Results revealed that no plant was survived at higher level of salinity (10 dS m-1) and sodicity (SAR 45) and complete cessation and mortality was observed in this treatment. Data of survived plants at the end of study showed that salinity and sodicity arrested the growth variables of tamarind seedlings and increasing levels of salinity-sodicity led a reduction of 3.52% to 82.47% in plant height, 1.53% to 84.61% in stem girth, 5.63% to 88.26% in number of leaves and 7.44 to 90.77 in number of branches over control (non-stress) treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that tamarind seedling can withstand and survive at salinity and sodicity level of 10 dS m-1 and SAR 35.

Notice of a new Crataegus ‘Kokhno’ and +Crataegomespilus

Crataegus (+Crataegomespilus) ‘Kokhno’ is a new graft chimera originated from the junction where Crataegus germanica (= Mespilus germanica) scion was top-grafted onto a stock Crataegus sp. In 1993, in the arboretum of one of the forestry-division offices in the Volhynia region, Vladyslav Oleshko found a putative hybrid between hawthorn and medlar, which was named in honor of well-known Ukrainian dendrologist Mykola Kokhno. He believed this plant was the result of a crossing between Mespilus germanica and Crataegus ucrainica because it was characterized by heterophylly having a mixture of both medlar and hawthorn leaves. The flowers of this plant are not solitary but placed in corymbs. The fruits are not aligned in size and range from 0.5–5.0 cm in diameter. The study of this hawthorn-medlar in the dendrological collection of the M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv, Ukraine) led to the conclusion that it is a graft chimera, not a hawthorn-medlar sexual hybrid. This hawthorn-medlar cultivar is morphologically similar to medlar but differs in the arrangement of flowers and fruits. The fruits typical for varietal medlar develop from solitary flowers, whereas atypical small fruits are located in groups. Both types of fruits have no germs in the stones. The cultivar ‘Kokhno’ is adapted to the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and performs well as an ornamental and fruit plant. An outline of the history and nomenclature of graft hybrids (chimeras) between Crataegus and Mespilus is given.

Toxicity Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Soursop Leaves from Three Regions in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The fruit plant known as the soursop (Annona muricata L.) is indigenous to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. The leaves of soursop contain substances with the potential to be cytotoxic, such as phenols and anonaceous acetogenins. Numerous variables, including geographic location, climatic conditions, and pest or disease disturbance factors, might impact a compound's phenol levels and toxicity. This study aims to investigate whether there are variations in the phenolic content and toxicity of the ethanol extract of soursop leaves that are grown in Gowa, Takalar, and Pinrang, three distinct regions in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to evaluate the total phenolic content, whereas Artemia salina Leach larvae were used for the BSLT method of the toxicity test. The results showed that the extracts of soursop leaves from Gowa, Pinrang, and Takalar had total phenolic contents of 3.7588% mg GAE/g, 0.9686% mg GAE/g, and 1.3832% mg GAE/g, respectively. Gowa, Pinrang, and Takalar have LC50 values of 38.19 µg/mL, 34.35 µg/mL, and 70.95 µg/mL, respectively, indicating their toxicity. The conclusion is that there were differences in the phenolic content and toxicity level of the ethanol extract of soursop leaves. All of these areas could source raw materials of soursop for the development of herbal medicines with cytotoxicity, i.e., anticancer, because they have LC50< 1,000 µg/mL.

Banka-Siphon Attached Eden-Canal of Damodar May be Develop as ‘Biodiversity-Biomedicines-Hub’ Improving World Policy

The oldest habitat of the ‘Damodar-River-Based-Kanchannagar’; the Banka-Siphon-Dam (BSD) of Banka River (BR) attached Eden Canal (EC) of Damodar River (DR), covering a 3-5 sq km area, enriched different flora- and faunal diversity with agricultural fields and dense vegetation forty-five years ago. But it was decreasing gradually up to December 2019 due to massive visitors or tourists, picnic parties with large sound systems, irregular fishing, killing wild animals, cutting the trees, disturbing and catching different animals including migratory birds, unethical human behaviors, and urbanization nearby. The Covid-lockdowns also impacted the ecosystem during the pandemic coronavirus-disease (COVID-19), it has faced social and economic challenges among the communities, and health systems-“the invisible patients”, due to hampering truism and education, and suspicious killing or catch or death of grey-colored water monitor lizards, fishing cats, civet cats, and barn owls, and even migratory birds also. And it has lost the ecological balance of water, land and vegetation (micro bio-climate) with an increased viper snake, rodent population, etc. And adversely affect the environment (Water, Sanitation and Ecology) and societal problems. To overcome, it is therefore, augments that propagation of the artificial nests, awareness, plantation of different fruits plants, and cultivations would be beneficial to do away with the rodent menace largely, and inhibit the damage and economic losses, without putting any severe implications on the sustainability of pisciculture-fishery agro-ecosystems of the “Banka-Siphon Eden-Canal of Damodar May be Develop as ‘Biodiversity-Biomedicines-Hub’ Improving World Policy”. And the perfect ecological balance of water, land and vegetation may develop any ‘Future-Socioeconomically-Ecological-Tourist-Hub’.

The Possibility of Using Fruit-Bearing Plants of Temperate Climate in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most dangerous metabolic diseases. The incidence of this disease continues to increase and is often associated with severe complications. Plants and natural plant products with a healing effect have been successfully used in the treatment of many disease entities since the beginning of the history of herbalism and medicine. At present, great emphasis is placed on the biodiversity of crops and the replacement of the monoculture production system of popular temperate climate plants, such as apple, pear, plum, and vine, with alternative fruit species. Very promising fruit plants are Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas); mulberry (Morus alba); bird cherry (Prunus padus); sour cherry (Prunus cerasus); plants of the genus Amelanchier, Sorbus, and Crategus; medlar (Mespilus germanica); quince (Cydonia oblonga); plants of the genus Vaccinium; and wild roses. When promoting the cultivation of alternative fruit-bearing plants, it is worth emphasizing their beneficial effects on health. This systematic review indicates that the antidiabetic effect of various parts of fruit plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, which have different mechanisms of antidiabetic action and can be used in the treatment of diabetes and various complications associated with this disease.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Strawberry cv. Sweet Sensation Grown in Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India during the rabi season (October, 2018–March, 2019) to study the effect of growth regulators such as 28-Homobrassinolide and Triacontanol on growth and yield of strawberry cv. Sweet Sensation. The treatments consisted of seven levels of growth regulators including control viz. control, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm and 2 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide and 2ppm, 5 ppm and 10 ppm of Triacontanol. The effect of growth regulators was studied on different morpho-physiological parameters and biochemical and quality parameters such as chlorophyll content of leaves, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and TSS of fruit. The results revealed that the foliar application of 0.5 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide produced the maximum plant height, number of leaves plant-1, petiole length, canopy spread, leaf area plant-1, crown diameter, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, RWC, number of flowers plant-1, number of fruits plant-1, percent fruit set, fruit length and fruit diameter, chlorophyll content of leaves, whereas the treatment of 1 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide recorded maximum plant height, petiole length. However, the minimum value of the morphological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters were recorded in control (foliar spray of water). Hence form present study it may be confirmed that foliar application of 28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm significantly improved the growth, yield, and quality attributes of strawberry.

Variability of the traits of technological quality of fiber flax varieties flax straw

The results of the study of the adaptation potential of perennial fruit crops depending on climatic changes are presented. The physiological state of some pear varieties during summer periods in 2021, 2022 in the fruit plantations of the Krasnodar Territory were evaluated. Two Russian varieties (Flamenko, Luberskaya) and two European varieties (Conference, Williams) were studied. An experiment on artificially drying freshly harvested pear leaves at constant room temperature was conducted to amplify the negative effects of summer stressors. The relative water content of leaves and electrolyte leakage were determined before and after the stress according to generally accepted methods. It was found that relative humidity is an important factor for normal leaf development, and the change in its values in the summer months correlated with the variability of values of the stress parameter of pear leaves - electrolyte leakage. It was found that the widespread European variety Conference was the most susceptible to the effects of artificial stress. After a short drying period, this variety was characterized by a sharp increase in the electrolyte leakage to ~36 % on the background of a significant decrease in the relative water content in the leaves (71–73 %), due to the development of oxidative processes, leading to a violation of the integrity of cell membranes. Russian varieties Flamenko and Luberskaya, as well as the European variety Williams, on the contrary, by the studied physiological parameters had no strong differences (the change of physiological parameters was from 1.1 to 1.3 times), which allowed them to be identified as more resistant varieties to this type of stress exposure.

Influence of weather conditions on the variability of physiological leaf parameters in pear cultivars

The results of the study of the adaptation potential of perennial fruit crops depending on climatic changes are presented. The physiological state of some pear varieties during summer periods in 2021, 2022 in the fruit plantations of the Krasnodar Territory were evaluated. Two Russian varieties (Flamenko, Luberskaya) and two European varieties (Conference, Williams) were studied. An experiment on artificially drying freshly harvested pear leaves at constant room temperature was conducted to amplify the negative effects of summer stressors. The relative water content of leaves and electrolyte leakage were determined before and after the stress according to generally accepted methods. It was found that relative humidity is an important factor for normal leaf development, and the change in its values in the summer months correlated with the variability of values of the stress parameter of pear leaves - electrolyte leakage. It was found that the widespread European variety Conference was the most susceptible to the effects of artificial stress. After a short drying period, this variety was characterized by a sharp increase in the electrolyte leakage to ~36 % on the background of a significant decrease in the relative water content in the leaves (71–73 %), due to the development of oxidative processes, leading to a violation of the integrity of cell membranes. Russian varieties Flamenko and Luberskaya, as well as the European variety Williams, on the contrary, by the studied physiological parameters had no strong differences (the change of physiological parameters was from 1.1 to 1.3 times), which allowed them to be identified as more resistant varieties to this type of stress exposure.

Khasiat Buah Tin (Fiscus carica L.) dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Sains

The fig fruit plant (Ficus carica L.) is a type of plant that belongs to the Moraceae family which has a specialty in the Qur'an and is rich in benefits and grows a lot in the West Asia region and of course Indonesia. In Indonesia, the existence of figs has begun to be developed to be varied into products that can compete in the market. Figs are specifically enshrined in the Qur'an which is in the letter at-Tiin, this means that Allah hints at the efficacy or benefits of figs. The content of bioactive compounds in figs can be used as medicine and is useful for treating various diseases. In addition to bioactive compounds, the largest chemical content is in figs, namely polyphenols and flavonoids. The purpose of writing this journal is to provide information regarding the properties and benefits of figs. The properties contained in figs are also used for traditional medicine, including being used for the treatment of ulcers, indigestion and diarrhea, while in the scientific scope and pharmacological activity including as an antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory agent.

Estimation of Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Quantitative Characters in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Genotypes

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability, genetic advance, as well as perform correlation and path analyses on 20 different okra genotypes, including one check variety. The experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. A randomized block design with three replications was employed for the study. Thirteen characteristics were observed and recorded, which includes: days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, length of mature fruit (cm), diameter of fruit (cm), average fruit weight (gm), internodal length (cm), number of nodes on the main stem, number of primary branches, plant height (cm), number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, seed index (gm), and fruit yield per plant (gm). Azad Bhindi-1 exhibited the highest mean performance in terms of fruit yield per plant among all the genotypes. The PCV values were consistently higher than the corresponding GCV values for all traits, indicating the influence of environmental factors on trait expression. Fruit yield per plant and number of primary branches displayed the highest GCV and PCV values. The number of primary branches exhibited both high heritability and genetic advance. The correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant association between number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. The traits with the highest positive direct effects on fruit yield per plant were obsereved for average fruit weight and plant height, as determined through genotypic and phenotypic path analysis. These identified traits can serve as effective selection criteria for strategizing an efficient breeding programme to enhance fruit yield in okra.

Kajian Suhu Pengeringan dan Ketebalan Irisan Terhadap Mutu Tepung Batang Tanaman Buah Naga (Hylocereus sp.)

Cactus plants include the stems of dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus sp.), which have nutrients that may be good for human health. These can also be used to make flour because they have the ability to replace wheat flour by up to 25% and have been used in a variety of processed goods, including noodles, yoghurt, cakes, puddings, cookies, and jelly drinks Abundant dragon fruit plant stems will come to waste if not utilized optimally, so it is necessary to process dragon fruit stems by processing them into flour. One of the stages of making flour is drying, which aims to remove the water content of the material to a certain extent to get maximum results and can extend the shelf life of flour. This study aimed to examine the effect of the appropriate drying temperature and slice thickness on the quality of dragon fruit stem flour using a rack-type oven with gas as a heat source. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design arranged in a factorial manner consisting of 2 factors: drying temperature and slice thickness. The results showed that the best treatment was at a drying temperature of 60°C with a thickness of 2 mm, as seen from the observations, namely the relative humidity of 28,51 and the fineness modulus of 1,030.

Evaluation of Orange and Biofertilizer on Some Yield Traits of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

In the year 2021, in one of the communities in the Abu Ghraib area of Baghdad, a factorial experiment was carried out to study the effect of adding organic manure(poultry, cattle and sheep)and dry bread yeast suspension on certain yield characteristics of cucumber plants (Hadeel hybrid) grown in a greenhouse. Results showed that poultry waste had the best effects in the fruit set (67.21%), the diameter of the fruit)of 2.58 cm(, the number of fruit (36.81 fruit plant-1 ), the weight of fruit (66.00 g), and the yield (2.42 kg plant-1 ). The poultry manure caused a reduction in the peel thickness to a minimum value of (0.145mm). Compared to the control treatment, adding dry yeast suspension to plants improved all yield parameters tested. Keywords: Cucumber, sheep manure, cattle manure, dry yeast, poultry manure, yield.

Diversity of wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area of Cigalontang Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia

Abstract. Kulsum NNS, Susandarini R. 2023. Diversity of wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area of Cigalontang Village, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4161-4167. Wild edible fruits are non-timber forest products that support the nutritional adequacy of communities around the forest. Scientific inventory and documentation of wild fruit plant diversity are important to reveal local resources' potential in supporting local communities food security. A study on wild edible fruits in the agroforestry area in Cigalontang Village aimed to document the diversity of fruit plant species and traditional knowledge of the community on food plants available from the forest. This study used semi-structured interviews with 63 respondents and guided fieldwork to identify natural habitats and collect specimens of wild edible fruits. The results showed that people of Cigalontang Village commonly consumed 49 wild edible fruit species belonging to 27 families. Zingiberaceae and Moraceae were two families with the highest number of wild edible fruit species mentioned by the respondents. All the fruits were consumed raw as fresh fruits, and some were known as ingredients for traditional medicine to treat minor health complaints. The community discussed the use of wild edible fruits with a review of the nutritional content based on relevant references. Results showed that the community used wild edible fruits for daily nutritional needs, not for sale. Both older and younger generations shared knowledge about the diversity of wild edible fruit plants and were closely related to local traditions kept within the frame of local wisdom. This knowledge, supported by local wisdom held by the community, is important to maintain the sustainability of fruit plant diversity and its conservation.

Classification of Dragon Fruit Stem Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Network

A holticulture plant known as dragon fruit (pitaya) is a fruit that has many benefits and is widely cultivated by farmers in several areas of Banyuwangi. In dragon fruit plants there are various kinds of diseases that attack including red spot, stem rot, black rot, scab, and mosaic. Farmers still recognize diseases on dragon fruit stems manually so that sometimes there are errors in disease recognition. In this research, a system was developed to identify the types of diseases on dragon fruit stems. This system was built by proposing the Convolutional neural network method with the proposed architecture using the Python programming language with the Tensorflow, Keras, and Scikit-Learn libraries. The proposed system is tested using k-fold cross validation with tunning parameters fold = 5 and epoch = 5. The training results show that the highest accuracy performance value is 85.06% with the data used as test data as many as 191 images producing 147 correct data and 44 data wrong, while the average overall accuracy score was 76.43%.

Effect of Optimum Levels of Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv Pant C 1

A field study was conducted in the Village Sabli of district Tehri Garhwal to know the effect of optimum levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv Pant C 1. To assess the effect of fertilizers on yield and yield parameters randomize block design (RBD) in field and completely randomized design (CRBD) in laboratory were used with 20 treatment combinations. In this study two levels of nitrogen (40 and 80 kg N ha-1), one level of phosphorus (35 kg P2O5 ha-1), two levels of potassium (35 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) and two levels of farmyard manure (20 and 25 tonns ha-1) were taken. Among all treatment combinations, fertilizer dose of NPK and farmyard manure 80:35:35 kg and 25 t ha-1 (T9 treatment) was found most suitable for cultivation of chilli. A significant increase in yield and yield parameters were recorded like number of fruits plant-1, length of the fruit, 100 fruit weight, fruit yield kg plot-1, fruit yield q ha-1 and dry fruit yield q ha-1. The result found promising when 80 kg nitrogen, 35 kg phosphorus, 35 kg potassium and 25 tonns farmyard manure ha-1 respectively were used and was found significantly superior over other treatments. A significant effect of treatment on mean daily germination, highest value of relative growth index was recorded for T9 treatment. The T7 treatment had registered maximum mean germination time. The various treatments had significant effect on T50 and highest T50 value was observed in T7 treatment. On the basis of above study it can be suggested that fertilizer ratio of N:P:K (80:35:35) with 25 t ha-1 of FYM give good yield and plant growth.

Perkembangan Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Lunak Pada Tanaman Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the most important commodities in Indonesia. The dragon fruit production center in Indonesia is located in Banyuwangi Regency with a production of 82,544 per year. Areas in Banyuwangi that produce large quantities of dragon fruit are Bangorejo, Pesanggaran, Silirangung, Purwoharjo, and Tegaldlimo. Dragon fruit is a type of plant that has a strong resistance, but there are many factors that can cause a decrease in production, one of which is OPT. Soft rot disease in dragon fruit is an example of a pest that attacks dragon fruit plants. This disease can cause physical, physiological, and chemical changes in dragon fruit plants that affect production yields. According to several sources of bacteria that cause soft rot disease is Pectobacterium. Pectobacterium will spread quickly if the surrounding conditions are supportive, such as environmental conditions, weather, temperature, and care carried out by farmers.

Ethnobotany and Conservation of Wild Edible Fruits in Sumatra: a Case Study in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Wild edible fruit (WEF) plant species are species that are not cultivated or domesticated but are available in their natural habitat and are an important food source for indigenous communities. In recent times, WEFs have been threatened by various factors – particularly over-exploitation, land-use changes, and biodiversity loss. The aim of the study, therefore,is to investigate the diversity and ethnobotany of WEF species used by indigenous people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted in five villages of Pesisir Selatan district,West Sumatra, Indonesia – namely, IV Koto Mudiek, Sungai Nyalo IV Koto Mudiek, Taratak Tempatih IV Koto Mudiek, IV Koto Hilie, and Taluk Tigo Sakato. The plant materials were collected from the study area, while local knowledge was gathered through semi-structured interviews involving 393 respondents that were selected using random sampling. A total of 75WEF plants from 30 botanical families were found in the study area. These plants were used for multiple purposes – including food, medicine, construction materials, agricultural tools,fuel wood, and fodder. Artocarpus integer, Baccaurea polyneura, Pometia pinnata, Baccaurea macrocarpa, Bellucia pentamera, Mangifera foetida, Durio oxleyanus, Mangifera odorata, and Baccaurea racemosa were the most popular species for local people in the study area. Loss of traditional knowledge among generations is a major threat to the availability and existence of these species. Indigenous and local knowledge is essential for the use, management, and conservation of WEF plants.

PENGELOLAAN EKOWISATA DAN PENTINGNYA PENERAPAN CHSE

Godong Ijo is an educational tourist attraction that carries the concept of "forest in the middle of the city" has facilities such as restaurants, fishing ponds, educational gardens, children's playgrounds, and mini zoos. This makes Godong Ijo often used as a tourist visit destination both from school children to the general public. Lush rare trees and animals such as squirrels, lizards, toads can still be found at the location and become learning materials for school children. Carrying the theme of ecotourism, Godong Ijo is present as an Education Garden consisting of food plant zones, medicinal plants, herb plants, industrial plants, fruit plants zones and unique and rare plant zones as tourist attractions. Based on observations and interviews, it is known that managers need an understanding of ecotourism management and CHSE guidelines issued by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, especially for tourist attractions. In an effort to support these needs, the team strives to provide assistance in the form of counseling on understanding ecotourism and its management as well as CHSE (clean, health, safety, environment sustainable) protocols to staff at Godong Ijo with the aim of human resources working in Godong Ijo gaining understanding and understanding of ecotourism management and CHSE Health protocols.

Propagation Methods and Mulching Modulate the Quantum Yield, Ionic Relations, and Production Components of Sour Passion Fruit under Salt Stress

In semiarid regions of Brazil, water and/or soil salinity is one of the limiting factors for sour passion fruit production. Low rainfall rates combined with edaphic conditions (high concentrations of soluble salts) intensify deleterious effects on plants. Thus, strategies that minimize the effects of salt stress, e.g., grafting with tolerant species and soil mulching, are extremely important to ensure the expansion of irrigated fruit farming in this region. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of grafting and mulching on the quantum yield, ionic relations, and fruit production of sour passion fruit irrigated with moderately saline water. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in split plots, in a 2 × (2 × 2) factorial arrangement to evaluate the combination of low and moderate salinity water (main plot) with the propagation method (seeds and grafting on P. cincinnata) and without and with plastic mulching (subplots), with four replications and three plants per plot. The ionic relations in passion fruit leaves were increased with the use of rootstocks and plastic mulching under irrigation with moderately saline water. The use of mulching increased the yield of photosystem II in sour passion fruit. The passion fruit plants propagated by seeds had 187.52% more fruits than those grafted onto P. cincinnata. The use of rootstocks with P. cincinnata in sour passion fruit restricted the uptake of Na and Cl but reduced fruit production.