Fruit Growers Research Articles

Cold resistance genes of fruit crops

Fruit crops are an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients, macro- and microelements, vitamins, organic acids, and antioxidants. Today, the overwhelming part of fruit supply in the market is provided by foreign producers. Import substitution and meeting the demand of the Russian Federation population for fruit consumption by the domestic agro-industrial complex is impossible without expanding the geography of cultivation areas, including those in zones of risky agriculture, which requires breeding of frost-resistant (cold-resistant) cultivars (fruit crops). Application of modern biotechnological and molecular genetic methods in breeding work will increase the profitability of fruit growing by reducing the time required for obtaining plants with the desired traits and by complex evaluation of the prospects of genotypes of parental forms. The present review considers modern data on cold tolerance genes of various fruit and berry crops, summarizes the known mechanisms of their action, activation, and regulation.The review considers modern data on genes of fruit and berry crops resistance to low temperatures, including characterization of genes encoding key receptors, signaling, effector proteins, and transcription factors in apple, pear, peach, pineapple, and strawberry. The known mechanisms of their operation, activation, regulation are given, and signaling cascades are described.

Dietary intake of polish organic and conventional fruit growers and their life partners - a pilot study.

Diet is one of the elements that contribute to health and quality of life. There are significant discrepancies between the diets of people living in different regions, with different beliefs, or with different approaches to sustainability and ecology. There is a lack of research on dietary intake among organic and conventional fruit growers. The aim of our study was to examine the diets of orchardists and their immediate life partners in terms of meeting energy requirements, nutrient intake and fulfillment of dietary recommendations in this group. Fifty-three participants (28 in the organic group and 25 in the conventional group) took part in the study. Dietary data were obtained using the 3-day dietary record. Body mass and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Physical activity was estimated using a questionnaire method. The study group was aged 44 ± 8 years, with a body weight of 84 ± 16 kg and a height of 172 ± 9 cm. The mean BMI was 28 ± 4 kg/m2. Mean energy intake with diet was 2170 ± 606 kcal/day with needs of 3002 (1991-5144) kcal/day. A significant proportion of the study group did not fulfill their calcium and vitamin D requirements. In addition, a significant proportion of the conventional fruit growers did not cover their needs for potassium, magnesium and vitamins: E, C, and folate. Both groups had too high an intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, and too low an intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, the orchardists' diets mostly provided adequate amounts of nutrients, with inadequate intakes of calcium, vitamin D, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The diets of organic fruit growers were significantly richer in selected nutrients.

Assessment of the Sustainability of Productive Systems in Nariño, Colombia

Human development must ensure the welfare and survival of an ever-growing population. To assess the impact of agroecosystems on sustainability in Nariño (Colombia), variables related to sustainable development were evaluated through a semi-structured survey conducted with 122 producers from 6 municipalities in the Nariño department. The association between the categorical variables associated with the pillars of sustainability was analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). From the MCA, 23 indicators were selected, representing quantitative information on the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of the participants. The municipalities were characterized according to the needs and strengths of the producers. Five groups encompass most characteristics of the producers, which are largely independent of geopolitical conditions. On the other hand, the population characterization indicates that the economic well-being of fruit growers can promote the conservation of natural resources. Finally, a principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was conducted to construct the General Sustainability Index (GSI). A network graph for each municipality revealed that the indicators of the production systems are in an unfavorable environment in almost all aspects related to sustainability. The GSI values reveal unstable agroecological conditions that are causing environmental deterioration, with critical levels in the municipalities of Arboleda, Sandoná, and Providencia. Social investment and public policies must be implemented to improve the economic conditions of the producers, accompanied by legislation on the proper management of natural resources.

Using stink bug migration behavior for physical exclusion.

Stink bugs have become an increasing concern for tree fruit growers due to changing management strategies and the introduction of an invasive species. The use of broad-spectrum insecticides for stink bug control disrupts biological control and leads to secondary pest outbreaks. To seek alternative tactics, we investigated the physical exclusion of native stink bugs with single-wall net barriers at orchard borders. First, stink bug capture on clear sticky panels along orchard edges showed that movement between the native shrub-steppe vegetation and the orchard occurs for much of the growing season instead of the presumed single migration event in August. Most stink bugs were captured between 1 m and 3 m heights, signifying a 4 m exclusion barrier would intercept migrating bugs. We tested large net barriers (4 m × 23 m) constructed of plain netting with or without deltamethrin-infused netting in flaps compared to a no-net control. The capture of target and nontarget arthropods was determined with plastic tarps below the nets or on the open ground of the control. Net barriers did not directly affect stink bug densities in the orchards, although orchard populations were low overall. Barriers did intercept stink bugs, and the addition of deltamethrin flaps enhanced stink bug mortality but at the price of nontarget arthropod mortality. Our results indicate that stink bug management efforts should focus earlier in the growing season and given the long period of migration, barriers are a more sustainable way of slowing movement into the orchard than the current sole reliance on chemical control.

Assessment of the Knowledge Level of Pomegranate Production Technologies in Maharashtra, India

China is the world's top fruit grower, with India ranking in second. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh are the main fruit-growing states in India. The present study was conducted in Maharashtra with the specific objective of determining “Knowledge Level of the Pomegranate Growers”. Nashik, Sholapur and Ahmednagar districts were purposively selected for the study, as they are some of the maximum pomegranates growing districts in Maharashtra state. A Total of 180 pomegranate growers were selected from six talukas of these districts. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The study revealed that more than four fifth (83.34 %) of the pomegranate growers had medium level of knowledge about pomegranate production technologies, followed by 12.77 per cent and 03.89 per cent of the pomegranate growers having low and high level of knowledge, respectively.

Influence of FeSO4.7H2O, Indole-3-Butyric Acid and Different Nutrient Medium on In Vitro Sapling Propagation and Micrografting of Walnut (Juglans Regia L.)

Walnuts are considered a functional food and play a significant role worldwide in people's regular diets. The cultivation and trade of walnut rootstocks and saplings are crucial agricultural activities globally and in Türkiye. Rootstocks are used for grafting and propagating different walnut varieties, and they are essential for tree development, fruit yield, product quantity, and most importantly, their ability to adapt to various ecological conditions and resist diseases and pests. Fruit growing and production of fruit rootstocks of deep-rooted plants in horticulture is given high importance in many countries. However, poor rooting and slow-growing sapling prevent establishing high-yield clonal production. Especially walnut sapling propagation is more complicated and time-consuming than other woody plants. Our research aims to grow high-quality saplings by using biotechnological techniques. This study used modifications to the current in vitro basal medium and evaluated the effects on in vitro rooting and micrografting of walnut species. The optimal medium for shoots induction (2.93±0.90) of the plant was determined as 4 number medium (Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium with 5.4 µM NAA + 6.9 µM TDZ + 0.6 µM GA3 and solidified with 0.7% agar). In trials to develop sapling, the 10.33 and 6 rooted (2.5cm root length) shoots were obtained from MS nutrient medium with 14.7 and 19.6 µM of IBA and 348.42 µM of FeSO4. 7H2O, and two micrografted plants in MS medium with 19.6 µM of IBA and 348.42 µM of FeSO4.7H2O survived. After three months in the growth chamber, six saplings were ready for transfer to the field. Our findings suggested that FeSO4.7H2O and high dose IBA treatment in MS medium is efficient for in vitro rooting and obtaining in vitro micrografted saplings.

Determination of fruit characteristics, nutrients and biochemical contents of Transvalia (Prunus persica L.) peach cultivar grafted on different clonal rootstocks obtained by selection and hybridization

Rootstocks are frequently used in modern orchard practices due to their special characteristics. They not only eliminate the limiting factors in fruit growing but also have advantages such as increasing productivity, fruit quality, dwarfing, and nutrient yield. In addition, rootstocks have a significant impact on plant development, fruit characteristics, nutrients, and biochemical content. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different peach rootstocks on fruit quality, nutrient content, and biochemical content. A total of 16 rootstocks of the species P. persica were used as test material. GGF3 rootstock has the highest values in terms of fruit weight (297.33 g), fruit width (83.50 mm), fruit length (77.58 mm), seed weight (9.96 g), seed width (28.16 mm), and seed length (43.47 mm) features. The effect of rootstocks on nutrients (except Cu, K, P, and Fe) in the fruits was statistically significant. The effect of rootstocks on nutrients (except Cr and Na) in the leaves was found to be statistically significant. The effect of rootstocks on both leaf and fruit plant nutrient contents varied. The rootstocks had statistically significant effects on fruit nutrient contents (except Cu, K, P, and Fe) and leaf nutrient contents (except Cr, and Na). It has been found that there is a positive relationship between micro and macronutrients. According to the results of biochemical analysis, statistically significant differences were found in biochemical contents. The highest total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total monomeric anthocyanin contents except for the total antioxidant content of peach fruits were observed in Kl 38 rootstock (137.19 mg kg−1, 25.68 mg kg−1 and 7.48 mg kg−1, respectively). The highest total antioxidant content was detected in NG1 and NGF14 rootstocks (349.46 mg kg−1). According to principal component analysis (PCA), the eigenvalue of 13 PCs was above 1.0 and accounted for 86.08 % of the total variation; this effectively showed the variation among peach rootstocks with respect to the traits analyzed. The data obtained show that rootstock varieties have a significant impact on the traits and that the selection of rootstock varieties has a very important place, especially in economic breeding.

Nutritional Composition and Antinutritional Factors of Five Wild Edible Fruits Grown in the Mekdela District, South of Wollo, Ethiopia.

This study was carried out to determine the mineral content and nutritional properties of five wild fruits Rhus vulgaris, Rosa abyssinica, Rhus natalensis, Euclea racemosa, and Ficus sur. The proximate composition parameters (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude protein) and antinutritional factors were evaluated using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and elemental analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. Among the five wild edible fruit species, Rhus vulgaris had the highest carbohydrate content (83.3 ± 0.28 g/100 g) and a high total energy (344.5 ± 2.21 kcal/100 g). Euclea racemosa was found to have the maximum ash content (12.8 ± 0.37 g/100 g), protein content (3.22 ± 0.01 g/100 g), and moisture (16.24 ± 0.003 g/100 g), respectively. Rhus natalensis showed the highest fiber content (9.54 ± 0.003 g/100 g). Mineral analysis showed that local wild fruits contained a considerable amount of minerals. The calcium concentration ranged from 99.51 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 160.12 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. Potassium concentration varied from 54.34 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 234 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris. Iron ranges from 21.4 mg/100 g in Rosa abyssinica to 41 mg/100 g in Rhus natalensis, and zinc ranges from 2.3 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris to 4.2 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. A high saponin content (2.12 mg/100 g) and a low tannin content (0.23 mg/100 g) were obtained in Rosa abyssinica. The phytate content (1.52 mg/100 g) and the oxalate content (0.9 mg/100 g) were high in Rhus natalensis. In conclusion, the present study shows that wild fruits can be used as food supplementation in food in a safe area.

EVOCA™, the first biofungicide developed by Biotalys’ AGROBODY Foundry™ platform

Biotalys’ first protein-based biofungicide, EVOCA™, is developed to help fruit and vegetable growers who are looking to protect their produce from fungal diseases such as Botrytis and powdery mildew. Developed with the AGROBODY Foundry™ platform, and thanks to a new and unique mode of action (new FRAC code: Group 51 under F10), this innovative product provides a new rotation partner in integrated pest management programs that both protect against resistance and reduce dependency on chemical pesticides and environmental impact.

Physiological adaptations of the Japanese plum tree for agricultural productivity: A promising crop for high altitude tropics

The Japanese plum tree is of great importance in the productive development of Colombian fruit growers due to its nutritional contribution to human health, its great adaptability in the tropical highlands, and its good yields. This review presents the current investigative state of physiology of this plant and its management in tropical highlands, including aspects such as its ecophysiology, forced production, gas exchange, flowering, pollination, and fruit development. In Colombia, Japanese plum production systems are adapted between 1,670 and 2,900 m a.s.l., average solar brightness of 1,400 h per year, 12 h photoperiods, temperatures between 14 and 20°C during the day and 6 and 8°C during the night, and rainfall between 700 and 1,600 mm per year. Under these conditions, management can be implemented to produce cyclical crops of the Japanese plum. This management consists of the selection of varieties with low chilling requirement, chemical defoliation, proper fertilization, fruit and green pruning, and the application of chemical substances that promote the breaking of flower buds. Flowering and pollination require a high specificity so that they do not present incompatibility. The growth and development of the fruit requires 1,538 degree days until harvest. This review indicates the great adaptability, management, and production of Japanese plum in the Colombian high tropics.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Convective- and Microwave-Dried Blackberry Fruits Grown Using Organic Procedures.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of convective and microwave drying on the bioactive-compounds content of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) fruits, as well as drying parameters and energy consumption. The fruit was dehydrated in a convective dehydrator at a temperature of 50 °C and 70 °C and in a microwave oven at power levels of 90 W, 180 W and 240 W. The highest amount of anthocyanins, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity were obtained in blackberry fruits that were microwave dried at 90 W and 180 W (46.3-52.5 and 51.8-83.5 mg 100 g-1 dm of total anthocyanins, 296.3-255.8 and 418.4-502.2 mg 100 g-1 dm of total phenolics, and 1.20-1.51 and 1.45-2.35 mmol TE 100 g-1 dm of antioxidant capacity for 90 W and 180 W models, respectively). It turned out that microwave dehydration shortened the processing time and lowered the energy consumption compared to convective drying (a significantly reduced drying time of 92-99% with microwave dehydration). Blackberry fruits dehydrated at 240 W showed the shortest dehydration time (59-67 min), minimal energy consumption (0.23 kWh) and the most efficient diffusion (1.48-1.66 × 10-8 m2 s-1).

A Study of Acreage Dynamics and Crop Variability in the Horticultural Sector of ODOP Scheme of Madhya Pradesh, India

The objective of the present study was to analyse the dynamics of acreage of major horticultural crops included under the ODOP scheme in Madhya Pradesh. The research methodology used for the purpose of analysing the data includes absolute change, relative change, compound annual growth rate and coefficient of Variation. For analysis secondary data on area under various horticultural crops was collected from the official website of Directorate of Economics and Statistics, India for a period of 21 years (2000-01 to 2020-21). Nine major horticultural crops were selected in the study which were divided under spices (Chillies, Coriander, Ginger, Garlic, and Turmeric), vegetables (Potato, and Onion) and fruits (Mango and Banana). The change and growth rate of area under major crops were analysed by using absolute and relative change and compound annual growth rate and coefficient of variation. The analysis and research findings showed that area share under most of spices declined except for chillies in Khargone district. Highest growth rate in area under spices was for garlic in Mandsaur district. For vegetables onion showed increase in area in Shajapur and potato in Dewas and Ujjain, and positive growth rate was recorded for all districts in both crops except potato in Gwalior district. While in fruits banana showed considerable increase in share as well as growth rate in Burhanpur district. Mango showed positive growth rate in Anuppur district. The theoretical implications of the study was a decline in area share but a positive growth rate in majority of spices in Guna, Tikamgarh and Rewa. While the majority of vegetables showed positive growth in the state. The contribution of study is in bringing the attention of spice, vegetable and fruit growers towards the real potential of various districts for the growth of spices, fruit or vegetable in that region. This will ultimately contribute in profiting the farmers and increasing their production efficiency.

Farmer Preferences Regarding Andean Fruit Crops Across Six Municipalities in the Department of Nariño, Colombia

Understanding the dynamics of crop choices in different regions is critical to designing effective strategies for sustainable agriculture and rural development. The experiment was carried out in six municipalities in the Andean region of the department of Nariño, Colombia. The correspondence analysis was used to explore the association between the preferences of farmers and cultivated fruit species. On farms of 90 fruit growers, seven Andean fruit crops were planted, including Solanum betaceum, S. quitoense, Physalis peruviana, Passiflora pinatistipula, P. ligularis, P. edulis, R. fruticosus. At the end of the experiment, a structured survey was carried out to ask the producers which crop they preferred to implement on their farm, and which one produced the worst experience. In addition, a general diagnosis of the main phytosanitary problems they had throughout the cultivation period was carried out. Arboleda and Sandoná farmers demonstrate a distinctive inclination towards S. betaceum, while Ipiales exhibits a preference for P. peruviana. Conversely, La Florida, Providencia, and El Peñol distinctly favor S. quitoense, with widespread acceptance for R. glaucus and P. ligularis. Farmers do not have a preference for planting P. pinatistipula in Ipiales. S. betaceum was intensified Anthracnosis and Potyvirus-related issues, affecting crop periods and fruit quality. S. quitoense faces altitude-dependent pathogen susceptibility, while R. fruticosus contends with downy mildew. Passion fruit confronts Fusarium sp., gray mold, and dieback. Tailored interventions are crucial for sustainable agriculture amidst diverse challenges. This research contributes valuable insights for informed agricultural planning and regional development policies.

YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR: an optimized model based on transformer module and attention mechanism for apple leaf disease detection.

Apple trees face various challenges during cultivation. Apple leaves, as the key part of the apple tree for photosynthesis, occupy most of the area of the tree. Diseases of the leaves can hinder the healthy growth of trees and cause huge economic losses to fruit growers. The prerequisite for precise control of apple leaf diseases is the timely and accurate detection of different diseases on apple leaves. Traditional methods relying on manual detection have problems such as limited accuracy and slow speed. In this study, both the attention mechanism and the module containing the transformer encoder were innovatively introduced into YOLOV5, resulting in YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR for apple leaf disease detection. The datasets used in this experiment were uniformly RGB images. To better evaluate the effectiveness of YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR, the model was compared with different target detection models such as SSD, YOLOV3, YOLOV4, and YOLOV5. The results showed that YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR achieved mAP@0.5, precision, and recall of 73.4%, 70.9%, and 69.5% for three apple leaf diseases including Alternaria blotch, Grey spot, and Rust. Compared with the original model YOLOV5, the mAP 0.5increased by 8.25% with a small change in the number of parameters. In addition, YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR can achieve an average accuracy of 92.4% in detecting 208 randomly selected apple leaf disease samples. Notably, YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR achieved 93.1% and 89.6% accuracy in detecting two very similar diseases including Alternaria Blotch and Grey Spot, respectively. The YOLOV5-CBAM-C3TR model proposed in this paper has been applied to the detection of apple leaf diseases for the first time, and also showed strong recognition ability in identifying similar diseases, which is expected to promote the further development of disease detection technology.

The Role, Significance and Need For Clustering of Fruits and Vegetables In Ensuring Food Security

The article highlights the role, importance of fruit and vegetable production and the need for clustering in ensuring food security. Definitions and approaches of economists and industry experts to the concept of food insecurity are studied. In order to improve the provision of food safety, proposals and recommendations have been developed for the development of fruit and vegetable growing and the organization of a cluster system.

Residue of Pesticides in Fruits, Vegetables, and Their Management in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, using pesticides to manage pests in the growing of fruits and vegetables is a standard practice. Various classes of pesticides have been approved to combat pests, but the majority of those in use now are outdated broad-spectrum insecticides with significant residual effects on crops of freshly eaten fruits and vegetables. This review reveals that Ethiopia’s assessment of the residual pesticide level in fruits and vegetables has been lacking. According to the reviewed literature, crops that are often treated with pesticides in many countries have significant residual pesticide levels. However, Ethiopia has not adequately reported on this issue. Furthermore, due to a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of pesticide residues on human health, Ethiopians frequently use pesticides improperly to control pests in fruits and vegetables. The majority of consumers eat their fruits and vegetables unprocessed, without washing or cooking them first. To reduce the risk of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables for consumer safety and to battle the health effects of toxic chemicals in humans, monitoring pesticide residues and raising awareness about the adverse effects of pesticides on humans are urgently needed. Before they may be registered and sold, pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables as well as in the environment must also undergo proper testing and evaluation. New pesticide generations that have fewer side effects on fruits and vegetables must also be developed. By washing, peeling, canning, or boiling fruits and vegetables before consumption, the detrimental effects of pesticide residues on human health can be minimized.

Research of Olive Sprouts and Fruits Grown in Uzbekistan

The primary focus of this study is the nurturing and adaptation of olive cultivars to the climatic conditions prevalent in the Republic of Uzbekistan, with an objective of yielding unusually high-quality olive oil that is both sustainable and environmentally friendly. Investigations were carried out into the physical and chemical properties of olives cultivated within Uzbekistan. The research findings support the assertion that the olive oils produced can be integrated into the diet, and also diversify the range of non-traditional vegetable oils available. Furthermore, this could enhance food security in response to rising population pressures. From a socioeconomic perspective, the cultivation of olives could serve as a viable financial endeavour for Uzbek residents, given that the process of producing this nutritious oil can be undertaken domestically with minimal expenditure.Conducting the results of the research work on the studies optimal timing of harvesting and planting stem cuttings Russian olive. The formation of adventitious roots on cuttings Russian olive is dependent on callus. The roots are laid in the cambium of the stem cuttings and breaking through the crust near the pillow or sheet between the callus and bark.

CHILE: HOW TO BECOME AN ECONOMIC STAR OF THE PACIFIC REGION?

Chile is the state actor that became the regional power to be reckoned with despite a relatively small population and tense geopolitical relations with three neighbours – Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia, – while the pecularities of the national topography make the task of economic development considerably harder. Moreover, at the first sight, the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet with its notorious repressions hardly could lure foreign investors. The article explains which commodities and services helped the country to reach one of the highest per capita levels in South America The authors focus on the specific features of Chile’s geopolitical location by highlighting key points of its political and economic interactions with Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru, and also identify important segments of the state’s tourism business which turn it into a significant point of cultural and tourist development in the Latin American region. In this vein, the importance of cooperation between Chile and other states in the region in the field of air transportation is emphasized, since this collaboration allows them to actually dominate the airspace and establish numerous tourist and cargo transportations. The importance of mining which allows Chile establishing cooperation with other regional actors in this sector is emphasized. In addition, the authors highlight the sphere of agriculture where Chilean farmers emphasize fishing, fruit growing and wine production, as well as the subsequent export of these goods abroad due to the small consumption capacity of the domestic market. Considering Chile’s foreign policy interactions with external partners, the authors stress the importance of cooperation with China and the US. These states are noted to have a significant influence on the development of the Chilean economy because they cooperate with it in all critically important sectors. However, the uncontrolled growth of Chinese import flows and the excessive presence of Chinese multinational corporations in the territory of Chile cause certain concerns both in Chile and on the part of the United States. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that the state’s balanced economic policy in the region allowed Chile to gain a worthy place in the economic structure of Latin American trade and increase the pace of its own development.

Determining the prospects of the development of the cooperative of fruit and vegetable products

In this article, the economic importance of the fruit-vegetable cooperative and its importance in providing the country's population with food products comes from its relevance. The main goal of the research is to supply industrial enterprises with raw materials by using the system of cooperation in the production of fruit and vegetable products. In the conducted scientific research, the mechanisms of state support for fruit and vegetable growers in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the development trends of fruit and vegetable cooperation in the Kashkadarya region to ensure food safety by improving the fruit and vegetable network as a result of the stable growth of cooperation, and to provide the population with ecologically clean products On the basis of economic-mathematical modeling of directions for determining and improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable enterprises, forecast parameters until 2026 have been developed.

Peculiarities of remote teaching of the discipline "soil science with the basics of geology" for students of the agronomic specialty

The article examines the issue of organizing the study of the discipline "Soil science with the basics of geology" for students of the first year of studies of the Bachelor's degree program in the specialty 203 - horticulture, fruit and vegetable growing and viticulture in the system of distance and mixed learning. The purpose of distance learning is to provide an opportunity to acquire knowledge to all those who wish to obtain a profession or improve their professional qualifications. The change in the direction of the educational process and the main approaches to teaching methods in Ukraine is due to the influence of socio-political factors, which include the introduction of martial law in the country, the rapid spread of the coronavirus infection, and the corresponding restrictions caused by these events. The specificity of teaching all narrowly focused disciplines, including "Soil science with the basics of geology", requires special terminology, vocabulary for its functioning. The relevance of this topic takes place in the modern educational environment, because high-quality teaching of disciplines is not possible without using the means and opportunities provided by the Internet and computer technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning for teachers and students in the context of the introduction of e-learn technology are outlined. Presented materials for filling the lecture, laboratory, independent parts of the course "Soil science with the basics of geology". The topics of the lecture part of the course and the topics of laboratory works are given. The issues of the specifics of mastering the laboratory practicum of the course under a mixed form of education are discussed, because the applicant may not always have the opportunity to conduct laboratory research while on distance learning. Separate laboratory works require the direct participation of both the teacher and the student. The structure of the course, features of working with the course are presented.