Friendly Attitude Research Articles

Analisis Kinerja Unit Lost and Found Dalam Penanganan Bagasi Penumpang Maskapai Lion Air di Bandar Udara Internasional Yogyakarta

Air transportation modes have increased after the Covid-19 pandemic, this was offset by an increase in the number of airplane passengers. With the recovery of flight activity, it must be balanced with adequate services, one of which is passenger baggage services. The lost and found unit is a unit that serves arrival passengers' baggage so it must have adequate performance. This study aims to analyze the performance of the lost and found unit of Lion Air at Yogyakarta International Airport.
 The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data sources for this study were obtained from primary and secondary data. The technique of collecting data by data triangulation uses the method of observing, interviewing, and documenting. Data analysis applies three stages, namely data reduction, presenting, then conclusion.
 The results of this study are to indicate the performance and constraints of the lost and found units of Lion Air at Yogyakarta International Airport. lost and found unit officers have not carried out their duties properly based on standard operating procedures (SOP) such as inadequate baggage handling, lack of friendly attitude, not punctuality, and lack of ability or expertise of officers. and lost and found units have external and internal constraints such as lack of work equipment, tracking systems, human resources, work environment, and ability, and attitude of officers in handling passenger baggage. It is hoped that the lost and found unit can improve the quality of service for passenger baggage handling.

ACTUALIZATION OF HUMANISTIC POTENTIAL OF STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING

The article clarifies the essence of the humanistic tradition in teaching foreign languages to students, substantiates the need for actualising the humanistic potential of foreign language training for the purpose of intellectual and spiritual enhancement of the individual, as a result of realizing the creative nature of language, which is an external manifestation of the spirit of the nation that enables thinking and cognition. Since each language structures objective reality and describes the familiar world in its own way, familiarization in the process of mastering a foreign language with another culture, another language system and means of interpreting reality constitutes the humanistic value of foreign language training, which takes the individual to a new level of world perception in the general cultural context, in which the highest priority is personality, humanity, dignity, freedom of choice, and the rule of law, etc. Thus, the relevance of this study lies in clarifying the regularities of foreign language training of students from the point of view of the intellectual and spiritual development of the individual in the process of his professional formation under the conditions of globalization and internationalization of modern society, whose security is ensured, first, by the professional and humanistic potential of the nation, accumulated in the context of high-quality education.
 In view of the demand for humanization of knowledge in the information society, the aim of this study is to highlight the need for actualizing the humanistic potential of foreign language training, which is considered through the prism of intellectual and spiritual improvement of the individual when learning foreign languages. The main tasks of the research are to clarify the essence of this potential and determine the mechanisms of its realisation, especially in the aspect of students' effective mastery of a foreign language in the process of personal and professional development, whose integral component is the improvement of cognitive-communicative and emotional-communicative spheres of personality. The methodological basis for consideration of the raised issues is the generalization of psychological-pedagogical and linguistic science about the role of language in learning and mastering socio-cultural experience, about the patterns of personality formation in the process of cognitive activity in the general cultural context.
 The results of the conducted research are a number of generalizations regarding the need for filling interaction in society, in particular professional communication with a humanistic meaning, which emphasizes the humanistic and therapeutic role of communicative culture, determined by certain value norms and principles, among which the priority is the principle of self-sufficiency of the individual, and the principle of tolerance, that is a friendly attitude towards dissimilar opinions and alternative beliefs. Consequently, this determines the realization of the humanistic potential of foreign language training of students, whose fundamental principle should be the humanization of knowledge, that is, turning to such a system of values and criteria, which proclaims treating a person as the highest value, protecting the individual's right to freedom, happiness, comprehensive development and manifestation of one's abilities, as well as the possibility of self-actualization and self-realization of one's nature, emphasizing, at the same time, the need for a reasonable approach to such concepts as freedom, human dignity, correct behaviour and a wide range of human rights as the basis of human existence. At the same time, highly important is the conclusion about improvement of consciousness and self-awareness of students in the process of foreign language training by means of expanding their intelligence and freedom from stereotypes and excessive restrictions to help them realize their inner essence, having the possibility of free choice, which is the main value for humanists.

Связь установок гендерного неравенства у партнеров и эмоциональных состояний женщин в близких отношениях

Background. Negative attitudes towards members of the opposite sex, traditionally defined as sexism, include such a cognitive aspect as attitudes to gender inequality. Close relationships between men and women represent an understudied though significant context for the actualization of both hostile and benevolent gender stereotypes, as well as for the emotional states they cause. Objective. The study focuses on the relationship between gender inequality attitudes of men and women in close relationships and the emotional states of women as the main objects of traditional gender stereotypes. Sample. The sample consisted of 45 couples (n = 90): 45 men 20–38 years old (M = 28; SD = 4.9) and 45 women 20–38 years old (M = 26; SD = 5.16) who are in close relationships from 1 year to 15 years. Methods. An empirical study was carried out with the following methods and techniques: questionnaire “Scale of ambivalent sexism towards women” (adapted by E.R. Agadullina); questionnaire “Hostile and friendly attitudes towards men” (adapted by V.S. Krivoshchekov and others), short version; questionnaire “Scale for assessing relationships” (adapted by O.A. Sychev), the author's questionnaire of emotional states, interviews on the qualitative characteristics of close relationships. Results. The gender attitudes of women themselves and their male partners are related in different ways to the emotional states of women. The emergence in women of contempt, guilt, fear, disgust in relationships is associated with the presence of hostile attitudes in men. At the same time, women’s hostile sexism towards their gender is associated with their experience of loneliness in relationships, while benevolent sexism, on the contrary, turned out to be associated with positive emotions. Hostile paternalism attitudes in both women and their partners are associated with higher sexual satisfaction of women in dyads. Conclusion. The emotional states of women in close relationships are related to the gender attitudes of both partners. The results obtained make it possible to clarify the ambivalent specifics of the relationship between the cognitive component of sexism in the couple and emotional states of women.

Cervical Cancer Care Seeking Behaviour Among Community Women, Jos-North, Plateau State

Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. The screening rate has not reached the WHO's target. This study seeks to assess community women's care-seeking behavior toward cervical cancer screening participation. A cross-sectional design was employed, community women who met the criteria for inclusion were given a self-developed questionnaire conveniently. Results show that the majority (51.9%) of women were between the ages of 21-29, majority (83.0%) had only one sexual partner, majority (75.0%) were extremely poor with very low yearly income of less than 284,700.00 Naira, and 19.3% experienced gynecological symptoms. Majority (78.5%) have the fear of being diagnosed with cancer, and 69.6% fear exposing their genital area. Women agreed that HPV is the causative organism of cervical cancer and husband do not allow someone to touch their wives’ private parts. They moderately agreed that a woman must obtain consent from her husband before going for screening, that exposing their private part is culturally inappropriate. Only 14.1% of those surveyed had ever undergone a cervical cancer screening. Among the respondents who had screened, 57.9% had bad experience. There is a significant difference between age group and screening where majority who had screened were older women within the age group 30-65 years (X2=8.402; P-value=0.005) and having gynecological symptoms has positive influence on screening participation (X2=7.422; P-value=0.012). The majority (92.6%) believed that husband involvement and the caregiver's friendly attitude are among other facilitating conditions to screening. In conclusion, there was low screening participation among community women. Women's knowledge of cervical cancer and screening did not translate into participating in screening. Low socioeconomic status has a significant impact on screening, screening rates were higher among older women than younger ones, and experiencing gynecological symptoms has a positive impact on screening. It was therefore recommended that interventions aimed at enhancing care seeking behavior based on women's needs be implemented.

Pro-environmental elements in the business model of medium and large Polish road freight carriers

Purpose: The policy of sustainable development places requirements on businesses to reduce their negative environmental impact. One of the sectors of the economy that is responsible for greenhouse gas emissions is road transportation. Consideration of the European Union’s environmental goals is forcing road carriers to have environmental measures built into their business models. The purpose of the study was to learn how road carriers can reduce their negative environmental impact so that they can fit in with the goals of the environmental policy and to learn about the regulatory tools that the road carriers expect to be able to support these activities. Design/methodology/approach: Data for this study was collected in computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). The study was conducted in late 2021 and early 2022 by a Polish company that was responsible for the selection of the sample and the collection of the data. The survey was conducted on a sample of 146 medium and large Polish road freight carriers and was a continuation of a study carried out on the same sample of entities conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 using the same technique. Findings: As part of their fleet policy, in order to fit in with environmental goals, carriers base their business models on the purchase of new means of transportation that meet increasingly stringent emission standards and reinforce environmentally friendly attitudes by buying means of transportation with smaller engine displacement that is tailored to the needs arising from their operations. Pro-environmental operational activities of medium and large Polish road freight carriers involve the use of solutions that change the composition of exhaust gases (AdBlue) and reduce fuel consumption (lowering rolling resistance – energy-efficient tires and lowering air resistance – fairings), and the acquisition of pro-environmental driving skills (eco-driving). Other environmentally friendly measures are to increase the utilisation of the vehicle capacity (cargo consolidation) and to eliminate empty runs by looking for cargo to be carried on the way back and using route planning software. Originality/value: The paper indicates the methods to reduce the negative environmental impact considered in the business models of medium and large road freight carriers, so that they fit in with the environmental policy goals, and indicates their expectations associated with the support for the achievement of zero-emission transportation. The results can be useful in the adoption on both the European and Polish level of policies leading to a zero-carbon economy. Keywords: sustainable business models, road freight transport. Category of the paper: research paper.

Circular economy model: generating benefits for sustainable development

The article is devoted to the definition and analysis of the circular economy as the basis for sustainable development of the country. The author identifies the main differences between the circular economy model and the traditional model, characterised by close interconnection and interdependence of all industries, production links and trade and consumer relations, which ensures maximum benefit from available resources. The principles of the circular economy are considered and the main advantages and disadvantages of the circular economy model are revealed. The economic advantages of the closed-loop economy include the formation of a sustainable demand for secondary material resources (and, as a result, a reduction in demand for primary resources in the long term); creation of economic incentives for further investment in the use of secondary raw materials due to the exhaustion of primary material resources; reduction of costs for the maintenance of waste storage areas; and reduction of environmental taxes. The environmental benefits of the circular economy are represented by reduced carbon dioxide emissions; reduced landfill and waste storage areas; reduced consumption of scarce and limited resources, etc. Social benefits are due to an increase in the level of social responsibility for the careful use of material resources; ensuring an environmentally friendly attitude to used goods; an increase in the number of jobs for secondary material resource technologists, etc. Examples of the implementation of the basic principles of the circular economy are given, and thanks to the involvement of new business models, technological enterprises have become able to comply with the principles of the closed-loop economy. The national peculiarities of Ukraine's transition to the circular economy model are analysed.

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CLASS IIB PURWODADI INSTITUTION

Correctional Institution is a Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the Directorate General of Corrections which is given the authority to carry out services, guidance and guidance to inmates in prison. With the emergence of a policy from the Ditjenpas regarding the Prisoners Guidance Assessment System (SPPN) which aims as a guide for correctional guardians in increasing the objectivity of assessing changes in prisoners' behavior, and supporting the fulfillment of prisoners' rights including remission, assimilation, parole (PB), conditional leave (CB). ) and other rights. The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of the SPPN policy, to know the supporting and inhibiting factors and to find out the efforts to overcome the obstacles to the SPPN policy in the Class IIB Purwodadi Prison. This study uses the study of the concept of George C. Edward III. This type of research is qualitative using descriptive method. Data was collected through observation, interviews, documentation and library studies. The results showed that the implementation of the SPPN policy in the Class IIB Purwodadi prison has not run optimally, because there are still problems in communication, namely the lack of communication between the correctional guardians and prisoners, human resources, namely the number of correctional guardians is not proportional to the number of prisoners, correctional guardians have not received training and education specifically related to the implementation of the SPPN policy. Supporting factors: Cooperation both internally and externally, support from superiors, utilization of infrastructure, friendly attitude of officers, good response from prisoners. Inhibiting factors: Limited time, multiple positions, workload, number of correctional guardians not proportional to the number of prisoners, lack of training, lack of infrastructure, insufficient budget/funds. Efforts in overcoming obstacles to the implementation of the SPPN policy are providing training and education to correctional guardians, providing rewards to correctional guardians, increasing cooperation both internally and externally, increasing the number of correctional guardians, utilizing infrastructure facilities.

Preferences for cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation care: A discrete choice experiment among patients in Lebanon

Objective Patient preferences are important in designing optimal rehabilitation care. The aim of this study is to assess preferences for rehabilitation care among two groups of respondents. Design An online discrete choice experiment survey was carried out. Setting We use data for Lebanon, a country where rehabilitation care is still underdeveloped. Participants Patients who have undergone or are currently undergoing rehabilitation treatment (users) and those who have not (yet) used rehabilitation care (non-users). Intervention Patients were asked to repeatedly choose between two hypothetical rehabilitation care packages with seven different attributes: attitude of the staff, travel time to clinic, out-of-pocket costs, medical equipment, rehabilitation plan, additional lifestyle education session, and support during rehabilitation care. Main measures Preference heterogeneity among patients with different characteristics was investigated using random effect binary logistic regression (software package Stata 15). Results In total, 126 respondents completed the survey. The most preferred attribute was an informal and friendly attitude of the staff followed by modern medical equipment, additional lifestyle education session via eHealth, and support during the rehabilitation program via phone call or SMS. Respondents were less in favor of going to the rehabilitation clinic and paying additional out-of-pocket costs for the rehabilitation treatment. This rank order was similar between users and non-users. Conclusion Preferences of patients regarding the type of program chosen (eHealth or at clinical-based) need to be included in future rehabilitation programs. Improving patient experience with rehabilitation programs by giving the best care based on a patient-centered approach is essential.

The Semantics of Grammaticalization


 
 
 The primary meaning of the Danish verb prøve is “to use one’s best ability to do a certain activity or to reach something; make an attempt”; nevertheless, it is also used about activities that do not require one’s best ability. In these cases, it can be argued, the verb has been grammaticalized. The first aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between the literal and the grammaticalized meanings of the verb using NSM (natural semantic metalanguage), based on corpus examples and speaker judgements. Data have shown that the grammaticalized meaning of prøve is reduced when used in the imperative, because it does not contain the assumptions of the speaker as does the non- grammaticalized meaning. On the other hand, the grammaticalized meaning has acquired a new pragmatic feature, namely the friendly attitude of the speaker. The second aim is to describe how the grammaticalized meaning of prøve is related to the Danish “meaning universe”. The analysis has shown that the grammaticalized meaning of prøve includes the element “the speaker wants the conversational partner to feel something good”, which is in accordance with Danish cultural values
 
 

An Individual Approach to Employees as a Key Success and Sustainability of an Organization: Quality and Functional Age Strategy

The main goal is to find out the attitude of the organizations in age diversity regarding the personal work plans of the employees, the policy of the organization and selected identification variables. The data was obtained based on quantitative research and focus groups. The results showed that although company managers are aware of the problem of age strategy and have a friendly attitude towards the age of their employees, most of the surveyed organizations do not have an age strategy included in the organization's policy, and the age strategy is usually not part of the employees' personal work plans.

A New Study on Feng Yingjing’s and Cao Yubian’s Communication with Westerners and Western Learning

Feng Yingjing (1555-1606) and Cao Yubian (1558-1634) are two figures who have been studied a lot in the research on the interactions between Chinese scholar-officials and missionaries in the late Ming Dynasty. However, in the past, the academic circles discussed the relationship between the two and the missionaries separately. In fact, Feng and Cao were good friends as well as metropolitan graduates of the same year. The ideological exchange between the two, especially the discussion on practical learning and the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, provided a rational basis for them to take a praising stand after contacting Western learning. Therefore, this paper investigates the ideological exchange between the two in religious philosophy, and brings the mutual influence of the two into their communication with the missionaries, so as to find out the reasons for their friendly attitude towards Westerners and Western learning.

COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: A study of staff and patient perceptions of their value.

Critical care bed capacity per capita in Ireland is among the lowest in Europe. The COVID-19 pandemic has put additional strain on an over-stretched healthcare system. COVID-19 community assessment hubs (CAHs) were established to prevent unnecessary admission to acute hospitals and to reduce infection spread. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of CAHs and identify how the service might be improved or adapted for possible future use. This was a mixed methods study, incorporating co-design with clinical stakeholders. Data collection was via an online survey and semistructured telephone interviews with staff and patients conducted between January and May 2021. Thirty-one patients completed the survey and nine were interviewed. Twenty interviews were conducted with staff. The findings suggest that the CAH model was successful in providing a dedicated pathway for assessing patients with COVID-19 symptoms, whilst mitigating the risk of infection. Patients were particularly positive about the timely, comprehensiveand holistic care they received, as well as the accessibility of the clinics and the friendly attitudes of the staff. Staff welcomed the training and clinical protocols which contributed to their feelings of safety and competency in delivering care to this cohort of patients. They also highlighted the benefits of working in a multidisciplinary environment. Both staff and patients felt that the hubs could be repurposed for alternative use, including the treatment of chronic diseases. This study describes staff and patients' experiences of these hubs. An unexpected outcome of this study is its demonstration of the true value of effective multidisciplinary working, not only for the staff who were deployed to this service but also for the patients in receipt of care in these hubs. This multidisciplinary patient-centred service may provide a useful model for the delivery of other services currently delivered in hospital settings. An earlier phase of this study involved interviews with COVID-19-positivepatients on a remote monitoring programme. The data informed this phase. Several of the authors had worked in the CAHs and provided valuable input into the design of the staff and patient interviews.

An Analysis of Message Strategies of Newspaper Editorials―With a Focus on Newspaper Articles around the Launch of the New Government―

이 연구는 새 정부가 출범할 때 쓴 사설 두 편을 대상으로 논리 구조와 메시지 전략을 분석한 논문이다. 이 연구에서 사설을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 새 정부 출범에 쓴 두 사설의 논리 구조는 신문사가 정부에 우호적이거나 배타적이어도 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사설의 메시지 전략은 우호적 정부와 배타적 정부에서 차이가 있었다. 우호적 정부에는 사설의 주장이 긍정적이든 부정적이든 관계없이 그것을 뒷받침하는 논거를 선택적으로 제시한다. 하지만 배타적 정부에는 주장에 불리한 논거를 선택적으로 제시하는 메시지 전략을 사용하고 있다. 셋째, 우호적 정부에게 불리한 정책이나 공약은 드러내지 않으려 하고 유리한 정책 분야는 부각시킨다. 반면에 배타적 정부에는 불리한 정책 분야의 메시지를 확대하여 제시하고, 유리한 분야는 축소하여 제시한다. 이러한 메시지 전략은 신문사의 의도를 드러내지 않으면서 중립적인 지지 표현 사용 방법과 중립적인 반대 표현 방법으로 볼 수 있다.This paper analyzes logical structures and message strategies of two editorials written around the inauguration of the new government. The findings are as follows. First, logical structures of the two editorials show no significant differences between newspapers regardless of their friendly or unfriendly attitude towards the government. Second, message strategies of the editorials reveal some differences between friendly and unfriendly newspapers. The government friendly newspaper selectively presents supporting grounds for the editorial argument either it is positive or negative. The unfriendly newspaper, however, demonstrates unfavorable reasons for the argument. Third, the friendly newspaper tries not to uncover disadvantageous policy messages but stresses advantageous policies. On the other hand, the unfriendly newspaper exaggerates disadvantageous policy messages but underestimates advantageous ones. These message strategies do not reveal given newspapers’ intent but are considered using neutral supporting or opposing expressions.

Environmentally friendly urban development: changes in decision-makers’ attitudes, problem perceptions and policy preferences over three decades

This paper investigates changes in decision-makers’ attitudes toward environmentally sustainable urban development in selected Norwegian urban settlements between 1991 and 2020. Changes in general environmental attitudes, problem perceptions and policy preferences concerning urban development are analyzed based on a survey conducted three decades apart in the same case areas among similar samples of decision-makers. The results show a general picture of some mainstreaming of environmental concern, environmentally friendly attitudes and positive attitudes toward measures supporting nature and climate friendly urban development. At the same time, there has been an increased divide between the political left and the political right in their attitudes toward environmental issues in general, as well as toward environmentally sustainable urban development. The results point to a widening gap between environmental attitudes and problem perceptions on the one hand, and the physical reality of escalating crises in the natural world.

Peran Pengalaman Membeli Terhadap Minat Pembelian Ulang dengan Mediator Sikap dan Kesadaran Ramah Lingkungan

This study aims to explain the effect of purchasing experience, environmental awareness and environmentally friendly attitudes on purchase intention using the object of Innisfree environmentally friendly skin care products. The increasing public demand for the use of natural ingredients and an environmentally friendly lifestyle goes hand in hand with public concern about harmful ingredients containing chemicals is also increasing, which is the reason skin care companies specifically serve the trend of using natural ingredients in order to strengthen their marketing strategy. The sample used in this study amounted to 166 respondents located in the territory of Indonesia. The technique used for sampling is convenience sampling. The analysis technique used is SEM analysis with the help of the AMOS 24 program. The hypothesis results show that there is a positive and significant influence on the variables of purchasing experience, environmental awareness, environmentally friendly attitudes, and purchase intention.

Pengaruh Green Trust, Green Price, dan Eco Brand Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

The concept of green marketing has been widely accepted in both of academic and practical areas. This concept encompass all marketing activities developed to stimulate and maintain environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviors. Companies can use the concept of green marketing in formulating strategies to gain the competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Green Trust, Green Price, and Eco Brand on Purchase Decisions (Survey on Consumers of Eiger Products in Ponorogo Regency). By using accidental sampling technique, this research uses 100 customers of Eiger as respondents. The analysis used in this study using multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 22 program. This study proves that Green Trust, Green Price and Eco Brand have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. In the case of Eiger Product in Ponorogo, the concept of green marketing is proven to be able to improve purchasing decision. The increasing of green marketing carried out by the company will further increase purchasing decisions.

Analysis of Employee Performance in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Public Services

The purpose of writing this thesis is to analyze employee performance in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Public Services for making E-KTP and Family Cards at the Rantau Pulung District Office. The research focus in this thesis discusses the quality of work results, quantity of work results, initiatives, job satisfaction, work knowledge. Data collection techniques used by making observations, in-depth interviews and documentation, for informants taken using purposive sampling techniques, this type of research is descriptive and will be analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study obtained by the author that the quality of the work of employees of the Rantau Pulung District Office in making E-KTP and Family Cards in Rantau Pulung was not in accordance with the SOP during the pandemic and there were errors in this writing. The quantity of work results has not reached the target to be achieved. The initiative of still employees is lacking in providing services for making E-KTP and Family Cards. Employee job satisfaction is already good, as can be seen from the friendly attitude of employees. Job knowledge is quite good, it can be seen from the education and ability of each employee. Supporting factors for employee performance include ability and knowledge as well as factors inhibiting employee performance, namely the lack of sophisticated technology, unstable internet networks and the lack of infrastructure available at the Rantau Pulung District Office.

Al- Amṡāl al-‘Arabiyyah wa Dauruhā fī Ta’līm al-Lugah al-Arabiyyah li an-Nāṭiqīna bi Gairihā (Dirāsah Taṭbīqiyyah fi Ḍau’i Kitāb Jamharah al-Amṡāl li al-‘Askarī)

This study evaluated Arabic proverbs and their significance in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. This research employed a qualitative approach with a type of literature research. The primary data source was drawn from Jamharah al-Amṡāl, which was written by Abu Hilāl al-'Askarī's. The conclusions of this study reveal that Arabic proverbs can be utilized as a tool for the accomplishment of educational goals in society, changing the unfriendly to friendly attitude, and accomplishing particular aims in education. In the context of Learning Arabic, proverbs can be a means of realizing a general and specific purpose for the learner of Arabic due to several characteristics that exist in it: the simplicity of sentences, the precision of expression, the power of ideas, the beauty of tone, and the power of influence. In addition, learning content that comprises Arabic proverbs enables students to develop a literary taste when the content is prepared based on the correct scientific basis.

Anxiety in Learning German as a Foreign Language: Its Association with Learners Variables

This study aims to investigate the foreign language anxiety (FLA) level among learners of German as a foreign language and discover the relationship between FLA and students’ variables that are gender, year of study, achievement in German classes, experience staying in Germany for more than six months, weekly contact hours, and course load of the term. The study used a quantitative research method using a survey approach. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), developed by Horwitz (1986), was administered to 246 German language learners in Jordan. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Squared, and univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the collected data then fitted on a regression model. The results suggest that the participants’ level of FLA was on a moderate level, with the anxiety of the German Class as the most dominant aspect and Text Anxiety as the least aspect. The gender of the participants and their weekly contact hours of the German language did not determine their level of anxiety in learning German as a foreign language. The variables that significantly affected the participants’ language anxiety, whether high or low anxiety, were the year of study, the German-language assessment score, staying for more than six months in Germany studying or field training, and the total number of credit hours registered for the term. It is recommended that language instructors create a positive and friendly attitude towards students to reduce language anxiety in the classroom.

The Refugee, an Anguish of Million

"The partition of India left a dark and ineradicable mark in the history of India, which created painful anguish among millions of people, especially in Bengal and Punjab. The sea change about the independence of India made an inexplicable turn of events in the annals of history. The spirit of brotherhood and the generation of human values collapsed suddenly with the advent of independence in the country. This socio-political aspect touched upon the playwright Asif Currimbhoy in making the play The Refugee. Currimbhoy tried to generate compassion through human suffering in and around Bengal, especially in Calcutta. The present play, The Refugee, draws the parallel between Yassin, the young refugee from East Pakistan, and Sen Gupta, a refugee to India from East Pakistan many years earlier. In the beginning, Yassin is cloudy and undecipherable with his indecisive acts towards the cause. On the other hand, Sen Gupta crossed borders many years earlier as a refugee, and he is now well settled in India with his friendly attitude and hardworking nature. Surprisingly, both are at present unperturbed towards the worsened situation of millions of refugees, who are in the camps and outside of the house of Sen Gupta and who need to be addressed by the concern. This play is about the anguish of millions of refugees. It is an act of resolution of dilemma in irony about the influx of refugees growing in number."