Frame Work Research Articles

Compact stars admitting Finch-Skea symmetry in the presence of various matter fields* *PKS acknowledges National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) under Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India for financial support to carry out the Research project No.: 02011/3/2022 NBHM (R.P.)/R#D II/2152 Dt.14.02.2022. Sokoliuk O. performed the work in frame of the "Mathematical modeling in interdisciplinary research of processes

In the present study, we investigate the anisotropic stellar solutions admitting Finch-Skea symmetry (viable and non-singular metric potentials) in the presence of some exotic matter fields, such as Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) dark matter, the Kalb-Ramond fully anisotropic rank-2 tensor field from the low-energy string theory effective action, and the gauge field imposing symmetry. Interior spacetime is matched with both Schwarzchild and Reissner-Nördstrom vacuum spacetimes for BEC, KB, and gauge fields. In addition, we study the energy conditions, Equation of State (EoS), radial derivatives of energy density and anisotropic pressures, Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equilibrium condition, relativistic adiabatic index, sound speed, and surface redshift. Most of the aforementioned conditions are satisfied. Therefore, the solutions derived in the current study lie in the physically acceptable regime.

Introducing Fuzzy Logic for Software Reliability Admeasurement

Software reliability estimation using fuzzy logic is shown in this article. The suggested approach tries to assign target dependability to each of its parts. The initial stage in estimating reliability is to combine the aspects of the experts in this proposed method. The system’s element of proportionality is evaluated in the second phase. Employing the equations of defuzzification, the system ele- ments undergo the process of defuzzification. We must compute the weightage of subset of the framework (i.e. module) when we have obtained precise data. The subset’s reliability is estimated, at the root of its weightage. By testing the most often used functions first and less frequently used functions second, the portrait of operational status is determined, which is one of the most impor- tant criteria for ensuring successful testing and increased reliability (Ebeling). Efficiency has improved in comparison to the prior results obtained. It aids in the assignment of reliability to every subsets prior to the frame working of real system. This even takes Operation status into account as element of propor- tionality, which assists in providing reliability to the subsets frequently used, designing a framework for reliability admeasurements, advantageous for all the subsets present.

Texture Image Analysis for Larger Lattice Structure using Orthogonal Polynomial framework

An Orthogonal Polynomial Framework using 3 x 3 mathematical model has been proposed and attempted for the textureanalysis by L.Ganesan and P.Bhattacharyya during 1990. They proposed this frame work which was unified to address both edgeand texture detection. Subsequently, this work has been extended for different applications by them and by different authors overa period of time. Now the Orthogonal Polynomial Framework has been shown effective for larger grid size of (5 x 5) or (7 x 7) orhigher, to analyze textured surfaces. The image region (5 x 5) under consideration is evaluated to be textured or untextured usinga statistical approach. Once the image region is concluded to be textured, it is proposed to be described by a local descriptor,called pro5num, computed by a simple coding scheme on the individual pixels based on their computed significant variances. Thehistogram of all the pro5nums computed over the entire image, called pro5spectrum, is considered to be the global descriptor.The novelty of this scheme is that it can be used for discriminating the region under consideration is micro or macro texture,based on the range of values in the global descriptor. This method works fine for many standard texture images. The works usingthe proposed descriptors for many texture analysis problems with (5 x5) including higher grid size and applications are underprogress

In situ measurement and management of soil, air, noise and water pollution in and around the Limestone mining area of Yerraguntla, YSR kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India for the sustainable development

For emerging countries, mining has been a vital factor in employment, economic development, infrastructure, and supply of essential raw materials for Nation’s Gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The Limestone mine industry is serving as a viable route for economic transformation in India. Limestone exploration causes major damage to the environment at Yerraguntla industrial zone, YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental Pollution parameter that causes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil pollution in and around limestone quarries started in the early 1984. The present study estimated Air Quality Index (AQI) as 76 based on the air quality sub-index approach using four pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx) for a period of 24 hrs by taking one sample per hour during the post monsoon. Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained as 303.91 from fourteen physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, fluoride, Total alkalinity etc.) measured from water samples. Soil quality was determined using four physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, WHC, Calcium and Magnesium) from the soil samples collected from ten sampling stations. The obtained pH range was (7.6 to 9.4), EC of the soil was determined as 4,140 µs/cm, the water retention capacity of the soil, ranges from (17.68 to 97.68) %, and the Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ranged from 74.5 to 272.75 mEq/L. Noise levels were determined as 76.64 dB in the mine’s, 58.16 dB in the cement industry, and 52.285 dB in the mine surrounding villages. This study can help mining sector management’s in developing a sustainable Environmental Management frame work to meet the world sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Promoting a meaningful learning of double integrals through routes of digital tasks

Within a wider project aimed at innovating the teaching of mathematics for freshmen, in this study we describe the design and the implementation of two routes of digital tasks aimed at fostering students' approach to double integrals. The tasks are built on a formative assessment frame and classical works on problem solving. They provide facilitative and response-specific feedback and the possibility to request different hints. In this way, students may be guided to the development of well-connected knowledge, operative and decision-making skills. We investigated the effects of the interaction with the digital tasks on the learning of engineering freshmen, by comparing the behaviours of students who worked with the digital tasks (experimental group, N=19) and students who did not (control group, N=19). We detected that students in the experimental group showed more exibility of thinking and obtained better results in the final exam than students in the control group. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the experimental educational path and offered us interesting indications for further studies.
 Subject Classification: 97D40, 97U70, 44A45

Fixed points inn-gonal graphicalb-metric spaces under contractive conditions

In this paper, we will define a new metric space called n-gonal graphical b-metric space. We will also prove some fixed point theorems in said metric space and give suitable examples to illustrate our results. These results will help to solve many nonlinear convex models in machine learning and optimization by formulating them in fixed point schemes of optimization. Our paper opens the door for researchers to work in the intersecting area of machine learning and functional analysis in the frame work of [Formula: see text]-gonal graphical [Formula: see text]-metric space.

New Concepts of To Separation Axioms in Fuzzy Topology

Fuzzy set was introduced by Zadeh in his classical paper of 1965. Three years later, Chang gave the definition of fuzzy topology, which is a family of fuzzy set satisfying the three classical axioms. In this paper, we have introduced and studied some new notions of To separation axioms in fuzzy topological spaces by using quasi-coincident relation for fuzzy set. Every ordinary (crisp) topological space vacuously satisfies condition of being quasi-To. In this paper concept of quasi coincident relation used to introduce and investigate some quasi separation axioms such as To, T1, & T2. Concerning quasi-To space in the general frame work of fuzzy topological spaces.

A frame work of handover analysis for randomly deployed heterogeneous networks

In 5G HetNets, the massive deployments of small cells result in an excessive number of handovers, including both vertical and horizontal handovers, which induces heavy signalling overhead and significantly impact the network performance. However, handover statistics are difficult to analyse due to the random formations and the coverage limitation of small cells. To tackle such analytical challenges, we propose a stochastic geometric analysis scheme in order to capture the statistics and the impact of mobility on handovers. In a single frame-work, we estimate the average numbers of vertical and horizontal handovers that users undergo inside the network, and derive its closed-form expression by approximation. We observe that the total number of handovers is an increasing function of small cell density, whereas the number of vertical handovers is concave. Our results also show that under a sufficient condition, the expected number of handover is independent of mobility pattern but relies only on the travelling distance for a given wireless network. The authenticity of our analysis are verified via simulations.

Semantic Variations in Punjabi Circumfixal Pattern: An Optimality Theory Analysis

Circumfixation is a type of affixation in which a word is changed into a different form by adding a morpheme in two parts on both sides at the same time. This study is focused on the semantic changes occur while a circumfix is attached to root and new word is formed, which changes its meaning and connotation simultaneously. For instance: kɘm „work‟ is a root word with neutral connotation while its derivation ni-kɘm-ma „incompetent‟ has a negative connotation. This negativity of meaning is indicated from the circumfix attached with the root word. This study examines the semantic variations that occur through derivation. To analyze these features, Optimality Theory will be used as theoretical frame work

Features of krotsk in contemporary theatrical text ( (the play of rubbish models) )

The search for krotsk featuresin the theater in terms of confirmation of funny and sarcastic as an antique energy of the krotsk strange , in terms of adopting criticism crusacks for chaos in the life of individuals and society. The search included fourth chapter. The first chapter guarantees the systematic frame work for research in terms of the problem determined in question,features of krotsk in the theatrical text? and the separation of the importance of research is highlighted in the features of the krotsk in the theatrical text(The play of rubbish models),also chapter included time limits from 1900-1995 and the possibility and concluded the search defining terms. The second chapter ensures theoretical framework and included two parts ,The first interest in the historical inspection of the krotsk ,Then the entrance of the conceptual interest in the study of the krotsk and the pattern and the compromise, then the second search came for the features of krotsk in the global theatrical text ,The selection of texts is reflected in crevice and divers krotsk, The chapter concluded with indicators that resulted in theoretical framework. The third chapter included the search procedures, which included his community and his appointment, it was include play of rubbish which was chosen to fit his aim . The fourth chapter included the result ,It is the adoption of krotisk contradiction to photographs of life contradictions ,In addition to the shapes and krotsky models multiple forms contributed to the cards ,each of the symbol ,insinuation and double the theatrical elements and employed by the writer to express a reality of ugly and maeginalized freedom. The semester included a number of conclusions ,recommendations ,proposals and the list of sources and concluded.

Development of a Methodological Framework for Measuring Energy Performance of Urban Patterns in New Egyptian Communities (Toward Achieving Sustainable Urban Regeneration)

The concept of Sustainable Urban Regeneration/Retrofitting (SUR) is considered a promising approach for addressing most of the current environmental issues. Developed countries have shown a growing interest in achieving SUR in consistence with raising the efficiency of urban performance. Since the energy sector greatly impacts urban development, it is necessary to adapt new approaches & frameworks (FW) to activate Energy Efficiency (EE) in planning a new, not just Egyptian settlement. Enhancing Energy Performance of Urban Patterns (EPUP) is achieved by: (i) controlling energy consumption of urban patterns; & (ii) pursuing energy self-sufficiency. Egypt still confronts major challenges in how to manage growing consumption rates in a way that is not commensurate with the rates of growth of local production. Practical case studies confirmed the failure in applying the principles of EE in most urban pattern of new cities. Therefore, the research problem is formulated as: the current urban planning methodology in Egypt fails to consider EPUP. Consequently, this research aimed to develop a comprehensive Methodological Framework for Energy Performance Measures (MFEPM) of spatial urban patterns of new Egyptian communities. The MFEPM was developed based on the analysis of relevant Literature & comparative analysis of SUR case studies & tools, resulting in a set of indicators (checklist) to measure & minimize EE of the main urban systems forming the diverse urban patterns. Next, the suitability of the checklist for the Egyptian context was improved based on national strategies & guidelines, and through questionnaires with local stakeholders. Then, the MFEPM was tested on urban pattern samples from new Egyptian cities through an extensive qualitative analysis with GIS tools. Finally, the MFEPM will be integrated into the strategic urban planning methodology adopted by the researcher. The MFEPM assists decision makers to apply the concept of contingency planning through developing more efficient interventions to cope with the dynamic urban context.

Strengthening the biogas sector of Ethiopia through international collaboration: the case of the Digital Global Biogas Cooperation (DiBiCoo)

Even though biogas technology was introduced in Ethiopia in 1957, the technology is still in its infancy stage with more than 98 % of biogas plants installed in Ethiopia at a small- scale level and used for cooking and lighting applications. The Digital Global Biogas Cooperation (DiBiCoo) project facilitates collaboration between European biogas industries and stakeholders from emerging and developing markets through the development and application of innovative digital and non-digital support tools, knowledge transfer and capacity building. The Digital Global Biogas Cooperation helped the Ethiopian biogas sector through capacity building trainings, creating a digital biogas and gasification matchmaking platform to link companies with local biogas actors in the country, and assisting demo case projects up to prefeasibility study stage. Furthermore, it provided practical exposure through virtual and in person biogas plant tour in several countries, and generating several documents related to the Ethiopian biogas sector including an assessment on biogas potential, financial options and a legal frame work to assist the sector. Based on this collaboration, more than 30 stakeholders participated in 11 web seminars, 2 capacity-building trainings, 3 days business model development training in Biogas and more than 10 virtual study tours. One demo case and three- follower cases prefeasibility studies were supported. Thus, the Digital Global Biogas Cooperation is providing much needed support to the biogas sector of Ethiopia.

STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF DIAGRID STRUCTURE FOR DIFFERENT DIAGRID ANGLES WITH CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ANALYSIS

It is frame work of diagonally intersecting metal, concrete, or wooden beams i.e. used in the construction of building and roofs and its diagonal components can carry both gravity and lateral loads due to their trigulated design and axial actions. Construction sequence analysis is a non linear analysis approach in which the structures in analyzed at various stages corresponding to the construction sequence and partially required loads are applied sequentially at every stage. A plan of 20 m × 20m size was considered. ETABS 2016 was used in modeling and analysis of structural members and subjected to seismic loads for zone V as per IS1893-2016. In total 6 models with different diagrid angles (520 620 & 680 ) and column removal scenario at different floor levels. To study bending moment and shear force variation in transfer girder beams for with and without construction sequence and study axial force variation in columns for with and without construction sequence analysis & also study seismic response of diagrid structure with different diagrid angles i.e., storey displacement and storey drift. For response spectrum analysis when compared different diagrid models (620 and 680), diagrid model 680 is less displacement as compared to other degrees implying that we take above 680 diagrid angle is best for tall buildings. A more realistic design than the standard design is produced by including sequential load case in the study of multistory RCC structure. Key Words: Diagrid angle, construction sequence analysis,

A Role of Knowledge Level of Employees in Customer Relationship Management With Special Reference to Lic

Purpose: Role ofknowledge level of employees in customer relationship management with special reference to LIC. In order to investigate a range of factors of CRM in LIC of India. In this specially concentrate to understand the knowledge level of the employees as perceived by the customer. Theoretical framework: The theoretical frame work of the study, CRM is assessed the Knowledge level of employees isthe independent variables and the customer satisfaction is the dependent variable in the study. CRM is shown influencing the customer satisfaction. The significant influences of the factors on CRM vary according to different demographic profiles and views on policy holdings. Design/Methodology/Approach:Descriptive research design was use in this studyThe prime data were collected from the sample of the respondents was identified from the total population of lic policy holders. The statistical analysis was carried out with the application of SPSS package. Both Descriptive and Inferential Analysis were carried out. The tools for the Inferential Analysis included Independent Sample t-test, One Way ANOVA, Chi Square Test, Friedman Test, Correlation and Regression. Findings: The findings of the study based on output of the study. Henceforth reasoned that there is a huge distinction between mean positions towards Factors of Customer Relationship Management. In light of mean position, Customer Engagement is the main variable of CRM, trailed by Deployment of Modern Technology Knowledge level of the Employees etc. There is no importance contrast between capability of representatives concerning the Factors of Knowledge level of the Employees, There is significance contrast among male and female of laborers with respect to the Factors of Knowledge level of the Employees. The connection coefficient between Perception on Explanation of various items and Ready for Clarification is positive connections between Perception on Explanation of various item and Perception on Ready for Clarification .The connection coefficient between Explanation of various item and Recommending Right Schemes is positive connections between Explanation of various item and Recommending Right Schemes. The connection coefficient between Perception on Explanation of various items and Knowledge about Procedure is positive connections between Perception on Explanation of various items and Easy Acquisition of Policy and also different variables are decidedly corresponded with one another. Research, practical & social implications:This article express a different perspective on CRM in LIC.The results of this study indicate knowledge level of employees has a strong impact on customer satisfaction. Therefore top management should implement latest technology based increase the knowledge level of employees. To increase the knowledge level of employees to help the increasing satisfaction level of policy holders. It is intended to help guide and reassure current and potential Ph. D students. Originality/value:To date, no systematic review has been conducted on the knowledge level of employees in LIC .This paper makes an important contribution to knowledge level of employees in CRM.

Density functional theory studies of the structural, optoelectronic, bond stiffness and lattice dynamical properties of double perovskite oxides M2YVO6 (M= Mg, Sr): Promising candidates for optoelectronic applications

The double perovskite type oxides are deemed to be an eloquent materials to be used for applications in efficient optoelectronic devices/transducers. In order to explore physical properties of M2YVO6; (M = Mg, Sr) perovskites Full potential Linearly Augmented Plane Wave (FPLAPW) method is used in the frame work of WIEN2K code. LDA + U functional has been preferred here for getting an accurate and systematic results associated to the electronic and optical response of these compounds. These compounds fall into semiconductor category showing direct energy band gap of 1.45 eV (Mg2YVO6) and 0.82 eV (Sr2YVO6). Appearance of the energy states of different level in the conduction regions of both compounds fortify the view point that the valence electrons may jump to these states while enhancing conductivity of such devices (i.e., solar cells) whichever are fabricated for producing eternal energy. Projected density of states (PDOS) confirm the presence of Mg2+/Sr2+, Y3+, V5+, O2− in the M2YVO6 where M = Mg, Sr. In addition to it, optical analysis shows that these materials reflect very little electromagnetic radiations when fall on their surfaces. Sr2YVO6 holds relative bond stiffness greater than its standard value of ½ while it is less than half for Mg2YVO6. Phonons analysis shows few soft modes of frequency in case of Mg2YVO6 which might be due to particular orientation of monoclinic phase of the crystal structure, whereas no imaginary modes of vibrations are observed for Sr2YVO6. It looks very fabulous to claim that these compounds might be an appealing ones for optoelectronic applications due to their huge absorption rate/optical conduction ability, which also declares them very suitable materials for devising transducers.

Penerapan Rekayasa Nilai (Value Engineering) pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Pusat Layanan Haji dan Umroh Terpadu Kementerian Agama Kab. Batanghari

Value Engineering (VE) or in Indonesian called Value Engineering is a method that analyzes the problems of a project through a systematic and organized approach by eliminating unnecessary costs without reducing the function, appearance, quality and reliability of the project. In accordance with the regulation of the Ministry of Public Works No. 222/KPTS/CK/1991, the Directorate General of Human Settlements stated that buildings with a value of over 1 billion must be carried out a Value Engineering analysis. Value engineering can be viewed in terms of materials or materials, implementation methods and implementation time. The application of the value engineering method in the Construction of the Integrated Hajj and Umrah Service Headquarters of the Ministry of Religion, Batang Hari Regency, is reviewed in terms of architectural work, namely by reviewing the use of materials in Floor, Ceiling, Roofing, Sills work. Value engineering analysis is carried out in five stages, namely: Information Stage, Creative Stage, Analysis Stage, Development Stage, and Percentage/Recommendation Stage. The information stage is carried out to look for work items that have the potential to have high costs, this can be done by means of a cost model, breakdown, and Pareto analysis. Based on the Pareto analysis, there are 5 work items that have the potential to be carried out by value engineering. In the creative stage, alternative ideas are generated where the quality, function and quality are the same, but at a lower price. The development stage is a comparison between the alternatives that will be obtained at the analysis stage. The recommendation stage is the result of the selected alternatives. At the recommendation stage, the results of the application of the value engineering method are that the material used for floor installation work is 60x60 ceramic, for ceiling work is plywood, for roof work is sand metal tile, for door frame work, windows and ventilation are aluminum frames. Alexindo 4 inch. The total cost before applying value engineering is Rp. 1,454,030,488,23 after applying value engineering there is a cost of Rp. 1,408,960,835.40. The cost efficiency that can be applied in this Development Project is 3%. The value engineering method can reduce the cost of planning the construction of the Integrated Hajj and Umrah Service Center Office Building, Ministry of Religion, Batang Hari Regency.

Influence of Nano Particles on Optical Properties of Cu-MOFs

A copper metal organic frame work (MOF) is synthesized by taking adequate concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-bromomalonaldehyde, 1,4 dicarboxylic acid and copper nitrate. Cu-MOF /Ag2O and Cu-MOF/rGO composites are fabricated and is characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy and FT-IR. The band gap of the MOF/ nanocomposites is reduced when compare to individuals so that a good visible light harvesting catalyst is formed. This reduction of band gap is due to the either create of shallow state with small ionization energy, very close to the valence and conduction band edge. KEYWORDS: Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-bromomalonaldehyde MOFs, Copper Composites, Optical Properties, Ag2O, rGO.

Enhancement of Band Gap Energy and Crystallinity of Cu-MOFs due to Doping of Nano Metal Oxide

Amorphous metal organic frame work (MOF) with copper was a newly synthesized Cu-MOF which has been converted into a crystalline Cu-MOF with addition of nanometal oxide due to assembling of nanometal oxide on Cu-MOF/nanocomposite. The band gap of Cu-MOF/Ag2O and Cu-MOF/rGO has enhanced from visible light harvesting compound to near and far UV light harvesting material due to quantum size effect and can be used as coating material on appliances working under UV light without any degradation.

Map composition framework for synthetic P morphology

In this work we address the data privacy concerns and the need of extensive data sets by the deep learning models. We account the need of low computational frame work along with flexible architecture and diverse requirements. We use a novel approach to generate extensive synthetic P wave morphology sets from fifteen cycles of the real ECG record (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset). Our approach is based on development of Python framework of algorithms. It consists of a composition of a variability trend of discrete realistic ECG record samples. We used regression modalities (polynomial fit and spline fit) in a novel way in R2 vector space. The space thus formed is an interspersion of real and synthetic vectors. The space indexed with each real index in the range (0–14) produced a new synthetic P morphology. We introduced a robust approach by developing threshold invariance in R peak detection. We developed R–R interval extraction and subsequently P contour extraction algorithm as part of frame-work. A similarity metric is proposed in order to compare morphologies and address the realism feel of synthetic morphology. The similarity score of generated wave is 0.72. We have observed the scope for enhancement in P contour extraction algorithm and accounting P width variability. We noted that the method used for synthetic generation is linked to the end use case application for different trade-offs. Thus there is a scope for different methods and novelty. Our method produced extensive morphologies from a fifteen cycle snapshot of the real ECG record. We also developed a GAN P wave setup to estimate the compute complexity of GAN for comparison with map composition framework. The compute complexity was found to be best case O(25K) for the Keras (P wave GAN) sequential model architecture. For map composition frame work the compute complexity is O(67K), however the compute cost is significant in case of P wave GAN which is approximately (32∗106) operations, where as for map composition the cost is approximately (0.67∗106)operations.

TOMATO LEAF DISEASES PREDICTION

This paper deals with the optimized real time detection of diseases that affect the plant and the area affected using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithms. So that appropriate fertilizers can be used to prevent further damage to plants from pathogenic viruses. The activation function is the core of the CNN model as it incorporates the non – linearity to have anauthentic artificial intelligence system for classification. ReLu is one among the best activation functions, but hasa disadvantage that the derivative of the function is zerofor negative values and leads to neuronal necrosis. New mathematical activation function is developed and compared with existing activation functions to improve the accuracy and performance of the system on a Tensor Flow frame work. The experimental results on trained databases show that the developed activation function has improved the CNN model accuracy and performance i.e. 95%. The training speed of the CNN model is improved by 83% when implemented in ARM processor using the proposed optimizer. Further area affected by disease is calculated by using K–means clustering algorithm for optimization of fertilizer usage.