Frame Work Research Articles

Strength of London Dispersion Forces in Organic Structure Directing Agent-Zeolite Assemblies.

Herein, we study the London dispersion forces between organic structure directing agents (OSDAs)-here tetraalkyl-ammonium or -phosphonium molecules-and silica zeolite frameworks (FWs). We demonstrate that the interaction energy for these dispersion forces is correlated to the number of H atoms in OSDAs, irrespective of the structures of OSDAs or FWs, and of variations in charges and thermal motions. All calculations considered-DFT-D3 and BOMD undertaken by us, and molecular mechanics from an accessible database-led to the same trend. The mean energy of these dispersion forces is ca. -2 kcal.mol-1 per H for efficient H-O contacts.

Comparison of "framework Shuffling" and "CDR Grafting" in humanization of a PD-1 murine antibody.

Humanization is typically adopted to reduce the immunogenicity of murine antibodies generated by hybridoma technology when used in humans. Two different strategies of antibody humanization are popularly employed, including "complementarity determining region (CDR) grafting" and "framework (FR) shuffling" to humanize a murine antibody against human programmed death-1 (PD-1), XM PD1. In CDR-grafting humanization, the CDRs of XM PD-1, were grafted into the human FR regions with high homology to the murine FR counterparts, and back mutations of key residues were performed to retain the antigen-binding affinities. While in FR-shuffling humanization, a combinatorial library of the six murine CDRs in-frame of XM PD-1 was constructed to a pool of human germline FRs for high-throughput screening for the most favorable variants. We evaluated many aspects which were important during antibody development of the molecules obtained by the two methods, including antibody purity, thermal stability, binding efficacy, predicted humanness, and immunogenicity, along with T cell epitope prediction for the humanized antibodies. While the ideal molecule was not achieved through CDR grafting in this particular instance, FR-shuffling proved successful in identifying a suitable candidate. The study highlights FR-shuffling as an effective complementary approach that potentially increases the success rate of antibody humanization. It is particularly noted for its accessibility to those with a biological rather than a computational background. The insights from this comparison are intended to assist other researchers in selecting appropriate humanization strategies for drug development, contributing to broader application and understanding in the field.

Effect of ductility of flush end-plate connections on the behaviour of MRFs under fire conditions: An experimental study

The performance of beam-to-column connections is a key factor in the behaviour of moment-resisting frames (MRFs) under fire conditions. In this work, the behaviour and failure mechanisms of a half-scale 3D frame, composed of single-bay, single-storey MRFs and Braced Frames, in two perpendicular planes, equipped with 6 mm thick flush end-plate connections, under fire conditions was studied. A ‘scaled’ ISO 834 standard fire curve was followed during fire loading of the frame. The maximum reached temperature was 1100 °C. The temperatures of the elements of frames were measured at 2-minute time intervals. The rotations of the connections and the deflections of the MRFs’ beams at these time points were worked out using an image processing technique. Furthermore, the effect of the ductility of connections was investigated by comparing the results of this study with those of a previous one in which less ductile connections were used. The results showed that the connections used in this study could sustain large rotations of up to 0.7 radian and endure 65 min under fire. Moreover, it was found that using flexible connections (connections with thinner end-plates) enhances the ‘robustness’ of moment frames in fire.

Free vibrations of functionally graded porous hanging and standing cantilever beams

The free oscillations of a functionally graded (FG) porous vertical cantilever beam in the frame work of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is investigated. The beam is subjected to the gravity-load and the properties of the FG material such as the modulus of elasticity and the density are supposed to change through the thickness of the beam according to power-law relations. The equation of motion is derived using Newton’s second law. The Numerical Chebyshev collocation method is utilized to determine the transverse frequencies of the FG porous hanging and standing cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beams. A parametric study is conducted to determine the effects of various factors such as the transverse functionally graded index, the porosity factor, and the elastic and the mass density ratios on the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the FG porous vertical hanging and standing cantilever thin beams under their self-weight. The accuracy of the proposed numerical method is evaluated through comparisons of the frequencies obtained from the present approach with those available in previous literature. In general, it was observed that the elastic ratio has a softening impact on the frequencies except for the fundamental frequency which remains constant as the elastic ratio increases. Moreover, the porosity parameter and the power-law index may have a softening or hardening impact on the frequencies, and the behavior of these frequencies depends on the values of the elastic and the mass density ratios.

글로벌 손해보험산업의 성장성과 수익성 및 안정성에 관한 연구

The objective of this paper is to provide a theorectical and empirical frame work to asses the tradeoffs among three fundamental objectives: profitability, growth, and safety in global general insurance indusry (USA, Japan and Korea). Our financial performance analysis relies on panel data of global general insurance industry for the years from 2010 to 2019 by using key financial variables. A quantitative evaluation of three countries genneral insurers' financial growth, profitability and saferty areas is carried out. The financial evaluation is done in the growth, profitability and safety factors including premium and capital increse ratio, underwriting and investment income, leverage and solvency ratio. The results show that there are no key differences among three impact areas: impact of general insurance growth on profitability, profitability on saferty, safety on growth in three countries. Also, the results suggest that the impact of safety on profitability and growth is a positive and significant relationship and emphasize the need to jointly consider growth, profitability, and safety when evaluating general insurers financial performance. Therefore, global general insurance indusry has to strive to strengthen financial soundness through growth and profitability because underwriting profit and growth depend on the level of safety.

Cosmology in India before Einstein

The Characteristics of all that can be conceptualized and hence named and defined in the world through comparison and contrast is the Science of VaisheShika (1) [2]. This includes a conceptual representation of space and grass visible matter, which is taken to be constructed out of the varying motions of anu. The most fundamental particle of matter.Vaisheshika approaches basic concepts in the characteristic manner. Vaisheshika is observer centric but acknowledge that certain entries are necessary within the conceptual frame work throgh at though there is no direct way of experimental verification of these enteries . In this paper our emphasis is to examine vaisheshikatriya the sutras of kanadsal though the important commentary by the fifteenth century schelorsinha [3] and sankaramisra [4] will also be used for clarification , whenever necessary.

Dobrostan młodzieży jako kluczowy zasób przyszłości – kontekst pedagogiczny

Well-being of youth as a key asset of the future – pedagogical context The aim of the above considerations was to demonstrate how crucial the well-being of the younger generation is as a social asset a form of capital. Drawing upon the relevant literature and available research, the role of educational environments in shaping the well-being of the younger generation was elucidated. The concept of well-being was explicated within the scope of various theoretical frame works and linked to pedagogical concepts, such as education and environment, which are integral components of a young individual’s functioning. It is within the environment that the most crucial life processes of an individual occur, particularly the establishment of peer and social relationships. This ability cannot fully develop without proper psychosocial functioning – without self-awareness and an understanding of the role of others in one’s life. Well-being is an indispensable resource for building relationships with oneself and other social connections. The foundation of this resource lies in the ability to name, differentiate, and express emotions as a neurobiological basis for the need to establish relationships. In this article, mental well-being has been presented as a crucial asset for the future, a competence that will enable the construction and strengthening of this social capital.

Comparative Evaluations of Abnormal Behaviour, Panting, Lamb Mortality and Fleece Cleanliness in Kenguri Sheep under Intensive and Extensive Rearing Systems, Yadgir District, India

The important welfare issues of Kenguri sheep faced during group welfare assessment were analyzed during the study.
 Total of 20 each intensive and extensive Kenguri sheep farms having the herd size ranging from 35 to 300 and 25 to 1480, respectively were cited for group welfare assessment in Yadgir (i.e., Northern Eastern dry agro-climatic zone) district of Karnataka state, India.
 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kawadimatti, Yadgir, UAS, Raichur. Here each selected herd raised up in both intensive and extensive rearing systems was assessed for 20 minutes, during the months of January and February of the year 2022.
 The group level welfare indicators such as abnormal behaviour (stereotypy), panting, lamb mortality and fleece cleanliness were evaluated as per Animal Welfare Indicators assessment protocol for sheep. The overall first group level welfare assessment was significant in between the intensive and extensive rearing systems.
 The comparative welfare study among total of 40 sheep farms revealed that, the stereotypy observed was 4.88 and 1.24%, panting was 1.71 and 3.66%, mild heat stress was 2.18 and 6.49%, lamb mortality was 30.06 and 26.47% in lambs born alive and 0.89 and 2.03%, in lambs born dead. Losses upto weaning was 3.40 and 4.45% and minimum ewes mated was 45.73 and 42.48%. Minimum lambs reared was 30.48 and 26.52%; Fleece cleanliness was very wet that is 2.19 and 3.47%, and filthiness is 0.14 and 1.11% of animals in both intensive and extensive rearing systems, respectively.
 This study may boost the quality of animal assessment for getting better value-added products under the frame work of welfare status in farming community in the future.

Dependence of table beet yield on different doses of compost in organic farming

The paper presents the experimental study results on the effect of different doses of BIAGUM compost on the yield of Dvusemiannaya TSHA table beet variety. The compost was produced from fermented poultry manure. The table beet was grown on sod-podzolic soil on carbonate loam in the frame work of a six-field biology-based crop rotation. No protective agents were used. Mechanical and manual weed control was applied instead. The precursor on the experimental plots was potatoes fertilized with BIAGUM compost in an amount of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) in 2021. The average biological yield of table beet roots in 2022 in the control variant without compost (variant 1) was 24.94 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) (variant 2) – 29.40 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 8 t∙ha–1 (N = 160 kg∙ha–1) (variant 3) – 31.28 t∙ha–1. The study revealed that the compost application (variants 2 and 3) increased the average yield by 17.88 and 25.41 % compared to variant 1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the variant 1 and variants 2 and 3: the LSD for the 5 % significance level was 2.42 t∙ha–1. The compost application in variants 2 and 3 increased the average mass of table beet roots by 30.7 and 33 %, respectively, against the variant 1 (control). The share of substandard roots in the total yield for these variants also increased. In all experiment variants, the nitrate content in the table beet roots did not exceed the allowable value of 1400 mg/kg. The experiment findings indicate a positive effect of BIAGUM compost application in the set doses on the table beet yield cultivated in organic farming.

A RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

The important aspect of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in economic development and poverty reduction cannot be overstated. The definition of SMEs is not standard. It has different meaning according to the scenario. Some authors differentiate them on the basis of capital assets on the other hand some define them on the basis on the skill and turnover. Small and medium entrepreneurs in India in business habit for longevity as they are domestic in their nature of movement but they need to counterfeit ahead only through worldwide unification even though the local institutional frame work and not rigid in encouraging the development of SMEs towards the world economy as those of other countries. Thus, the problem that is identified for this study is how the SMEs be developed to meet the challenges faced globally with the available infrastructure and utility. Information Technology is seen as the spine of the financial system. This could alsobe analysed as the aid of the economy therefore the success of an economy is entirelybased on its financial system. A broad opening in technology has been experienced in the industries and they are currently taking advantage of the innovations to provide better improved customer and more efficient services that will enhances productivity(Akimuli,1999; Ovia,2005). This study will therefore find out the role or impact which the adoption of information technology on small and medium scale industries. It will provide a basis or proposed recommendations which can be re-adjust to the threats, opportunities, features technological competition and contingencies. The adoption of information technology in industries is also attributable owing to the fact that, it is also attributable, customer satisfaction, improve operational efficiency, reduce the running cost, and reduce transaction time. This work will be used as a case study for thisresearch so as to realize its significant impact to guarantee their growth.

Group Actions on Manifolds

In this paper some Riemann Geometry aspects will be gathered with classical time, the study naturally concentrate to PDE’s from the relation outside geometry. The classical frame work of differential geometry (intending smooth manifolds) and later it endured with Riemannian metric is briefly described in one of the sections that were formed to be essential for our understanding of the inner structure of the space.

Risk Management and Performance of Microfinance Industry

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the significance of the relationship between risk management and sustainability of the microfinance industry. Furthermore, how does effective risk management could be used towards sustainable growth in microfinance. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between risk management and sustainability of microfinance industry.
 Design /Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in three administrative districts in Sri Lanka, using 376 MF female borrowers, who represent from different businesses. The cluster sampling technique was selected for the survey. Primary data was collected using personally administered questionnaires and the sample frame was selected from two leading MFIs that consented to participate in the research. The conceptual frame work was developed based on the two variables risk management and sustainability of the microfinance industry. Simple liner regression analysis was taken to determine the significance of the relationship. 
 Findings: The study was able to find a positive relationship between effective risk management and industry sustainability. It was observed that that effective implementation of risk management process in the industry would certainly essential for long-term sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs). The findings showed that there were several strategic management measures that could have been put in place by key stakeholders in the industry.
 Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study found that although there has been potential growth in the industry vulnerability is very highly compared to other industries. Instead of the growth potential, MF is fighting for survival and sustainability. Mission drift, commercialization, and a lack of understanding among stakeholders, negatively impact the sustainability of the microfinance industry. It is significant to keep pace with the inculcating risk management culture among key stakeholders in the industry. Microfinance Institutes, Female Borrowers, Regulators. If not combined with the development of social capital, the financial programs have the possibility of creating a divided, dependent and unsustainable community.
 Implications/Originality/Value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has been conducted on uncovering and exploring the significance of the relationship of two key variables in microfinance industry. Most of the previous studies discussed these factors in isolation not as a collective wisdom to find a solution. This article is an industry contribution for inculcate risk management culture among stakeholders in microfinance and enhance different approaches to promote financial literacy levels of female borrowers who are key to sustainability in the industry.

Crystallography and anisotropy of crystals shape in dense aluminum titanate ceramics

This study investigates the anisotropic grain growth of Fe-doped aluminum titanate ceramics using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Three grades of materials exhibiting various grain size distributions were prepared on the basis of different sintering conditions. The crystal structure of the raw powder was first refined using X-ray diffraction. Then the microstructure variation of sintered polycrystalline aluminum titanate associated to anisotropic grain coarsening was accurately studied. Due to the orthorhombic structure of β-Al2TiO5, the crystal shape is prismatic and elongated along the [100] direction. This specific grain shape is analyzed in relation with crystallographic axes in the frame work of the Wulff approach. The obtained results provide valuable information regarding the microstructure of such flexible ceramics made off anisotropic grains.

Scalable Action Mining Hybrid Method for Enhanced User Emotions in Education and Business Domain

Education sector ,Business field,Medical domain and SocialMedia,huge amounts of data in a single day . Mining this data can provide a lot of meaningful insights on how to improve user experience in social media, users engage in these domains collect and cherish the data as they hope to find patterns and trends and the golden nuggets that help them to accomplish their goal. For example: How to improve student learning; how to increase business profit ability; how to improve user experience in social media; and how to heal patients and assists hospital administrators. Action Rule Miningmines actionable patterns which are hidden in various datasets. Action Rules provide actionable suggestions on how to change the state of an object from an existing state to a desired state for the benefit of the user. There are two major frameworks in the literature of Action Rule mining namely Rule-Based method where the extraction of Action Rules is dependent on the pre-processing step of classification rule discovery and Object-Based method where it extracts the Action Rules directly from the database without the use of classification rules.Hybrid Action rule mining approach combines both these frame works and generates complete set of Action Rules. The hybrid approach shows significant improvement in terms computational performance over the Rule-Based and Object-Based approach. In this work we propose a novel Modified Hybrid Action rule method with Partition Threshold Rho, which further improves the computational performance with large datasets.

Portrayal of Women Empowerment in Pakistani Drama: A Case of Ghisi Piti Mohabbat

The research study explores/ analysis the portrayal of women empowerment in Pakistani drama “Ghisi Piti Mohabbat”. The drama is on aired on leading Pakistani drama channel ARY Digital. Furthermore it examines women empowerment under the following categories. The main categories will be Decision Making, Social Mobility, Confident and Financial or Economic Independence. The study analysis the portrayal of women in Pakistani drama by using qualitative method of discourse analysis in order to find out the contextual meaning of dialogues used in drama “Ghisi Piti Mohabbat”.Liberal feminist theory was employed as the theoretical frame work for the study. The finding of the study might suggest that women are shown/ represented in confidence, self-made and strong character, and shown as taking ownership of decision they take on the life. Finding further might suggest that women face many societal pressures throughout their life.

Physicochemical differences between camelid single-domain antibodies and mammalian antibodies.

In recent years, single-domain antibodies, also known as nanobodies, have emerged as an alternative to full immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs), due to their various advantages, including increased solubility, faster clearance, and cheaper production. Nanobodies are generally derived from the variable domain of the camelid heavy-chain-only immunoglobulin Gs (hcIgGs). Due to the high sequence homology between variable heavy chains of camelids (VHHs) and humans (VHs), hcIgGs are ideal candidates for nanobody development. However, further examination is needed to understand the structural differences between VHs and VHHs. This analysis is essential for nanobody engineering to mitigate potential immunogenicity, while preserving stability, functionality, and antigen specificity. We obtained the VH and VHH sequences of various camelid and non-camelid mammalian antibodies from public databases and used multiple sequence alignment based on the Chothia numbering scheme. Aligned sequences were subjected to diverse analyses encompassing paratope length, binding prediction, motif, disulfide bridge, salt bridge profiling, and physicochemical characteristic distribution. Logistic Regression coupled with the Boruta - Random Forest algorithm facilitated the comprehensive examination of physicochemical properties. Our findings revealed longer, less variable paratope sequences in VHHs, along with specific antigen binding residues with increased binding potential compared to VHs. Although the VHs showed more heterogeneous noncanonical disulfide bond patterns, the VHHs had a higher number of noncanonical disulfide bridges. Intriguingly, a typical salt bridge between the 94th and 101st positions in the VHs had a very low encounter rate in the VHHs. Surprisingly, we also identified notable differences in the physicochemical patterns of mostly conserved frameworks (FWs), especially the FW2 and FW3 regions, between VHs and VHHs. Our findings point to possible key sites in VHHs as candidate residues for nanobody engineering efforts.

Platinum Group Metal-Free Catalyst Loading Optimization for Dry Cathode Operation in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

With an increasing interest for green hydrogen as an important fuel for the global energy transition and as a raw material for green chemistry, extensive research efforts are currently devoted to increase the performance of water electrolysis technologies. In this frame work, Anion Exchange Water Electrolysis (AEMWE) has a strategic role promising to boost electrolytic hydrogen production without relying on scarce resources as AEMWE does not need Iridium or other Platinum group metals (PGM) catalysts, unlike Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE), to reach high power density [1].In this work, the focus is on electrode optimization for dry cathode operation. Operating without a liquid feed on the cathode reduces the extent of the drying of hydrogen gas and simplifies the balance of the plant. However, water must be transported from the anode to the cathode where it is consumed by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) [2]. Also, ionic connection from the membrane to catalyst surface must be provided by the ionomer without a supporting electrolyte which is generally employed in AEMWE to improve performance [1]. Under these premises, it is clear that using high catalyst loading to compensate for the intrinsic low activity of Platinum group metals-free (PGM-free) catalysts will result in lower utilization of the catalyst layer as a function of the electrode thickness [3].To study how transport limitations hinder cathode performance, we manufactured catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) via decal transfer method and varied the cathode catalyst loading thereby adjusting catalyst layer (CL) thickness. RaneyTM Nickel served as the cathode catalyst and Super PTM Carbon as the conductive additive. It was found that increasing the catalyst loading between 0.65 mg/cm2 and 1.65 mg/cm2 greatly improved cell performance (Figure 1). However, cell voltage proved to be less sensitive to cathode loading for higher loadings. In fact, to reasonably improve the performance further, a loading of 4.55 mg/cm2 was necessary. Noticeably, the high frequency resistance (HFR) was found to be independent of catalyst loading (i.e. CL thickness) due to the high electronic conductivity of the cathode CL with carbon additive.This works sheds light on how AEMWE performance are related to cathode catalyst loading when the cathode is dry operated. It is found that performance improvement is limited at high loading (above 1.65 mg/cm2). This shows how the ionic conductivity of the electrode should be improved to mitigate the low mass activity of PGM-free catalyst.[1] Ayers, Katherine, Nemanja Danilovic, Ryan Ouimet, Marcelo Carmo, Bryan Pivovar, and Marius Bornstein. “Perspectives on Low-Temperature Electrolysis and Potential for Renewable Hydrogen at Scale.” Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 219–39.[2] Koch, Susanne, Joey Disch, Sophia K. Kilian, Yiyong Han, Lukas Metzler, Alessandro Tengattini, Lukas Helfen, Michael Schulz, Matthias Breitwieser, and Severin Vierrath. “Water Management in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers under Dry Cathode Operation.” RSC Advances 12, no. 32 (2022): 20778–84.[3] Liu, Jiangjin, Zhenye Kang, Dongguo Li, Magnolia Pak, Shaun M. Alia, Cy Fujimoto, Guido Bender, Yu Seung Kim, and Adam Z. Weber. “Elucidating the Role of Hydroxide Electrolyte on Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 054522.Figure 1 Polarization curve of CCMs with different cathode catalyst loading. The cathode contains 65 % catalyst (RaneyTM Nickel), 10% ionomer and 25% Super PTM Carbon. NiFe nanoparticles are used in the anode with 5% ionomer (AP-1-HNN5-00-X). The measurements are conducted at 60 °C feeding 1 M KOH to anode. Figure 1

Need for external replication trials in homeopathic basic research: presenting research on three duckweed test systems as an example

One of the main aims in homeopathic basic research is to find reliable test systems that are externally replicable. In face of the replication crisis in research in general and the specificities that are necessary to include in homeopathic basic research, it is of great importance to encourage high-quality replication trials. One way to achieve that is to build up a register or a data base for test systems in homeopathic basic research that are already developed to the point that external replication trials are possible. Such a register offers the opportunity to include not just the published information but also helpful insight such as material lists and time frames for easier planning and conduction of replication trials. Additionally, further information on critical environmental parameter, unpublished negative results, etc. could be included.
 The general frame work of such a register/ data base is demonstrated with the example of three different duckweed test systems developed in our working group since 2001. The growth rate of duckweed (Lemna gibba L., clone number 9352) was investigated in randomised and blinded settings, using either untreated plants or plants pre-treated with a stressor (arsenic solution or calcium deficiency in the growth medium). Within the original trials, potentised substances in the range of 14x-33x were compared to water control groups (succussed and unsuccussed water). The stability of the test systems was investigated in parallel systematic negative control (SNC) experiments. All original trials revealed a significant influence of some potencies on the growth rate of duckweed and stable test systems as shown with SNC experiments. Four internal replication trials for two of the three test systems were conducted. The replication trials showed effects of homeopathic preparations with some differences in effect size and effect direction compared to original studies.

Działalność terminologiczna Hipolita Cegielskiego w świetle aktualnych zagadnień komunikacji specjalistycznej

This paper presents a historical figure of Hipolit Cegielski (1813-1868), a Polish entrepreneur and philologist, and analyzes his past terminological work (creation, development and maintenance of terminology of agricultural machinery) within a current framework of specialized communication. The analysis was conducted on four levels: the level of communicative acts, the level of agents, the level of microcommunity, the level of macrocommunity (Schubert 2007). The aim of the paper is to identify the facets of terminological work in a societal frame of reference.

Strategic approach under ICT for farmer empowerment

In spite of successful research on new agricultural practises concerning crop cultivation majority of farmers not getting upper bound yields due to several reasons. Therefore there is a need to propose a cost effective frame work for a agricultural information dissemination system to disseminate expert agricultural knowledge to the farming community in order to improve crop productivity. It aims to provide expert advice which is crucial to the Indian farmer to harvest different kinds of crop varieties based on the demand in the world market. According to above instruction establish the relationship between the information technology and computer related services with the farmers who are working hard in their farm.