Frame Theory Perspective Research Articles

Analyzing the guiding principles of AI ethics: A framing theory perspective on the communication of ethical considerations in artificial intelligence (AI)

Various organizations have created AI ethics standards and protocols in an era of rapidly expanding AI, all to ensure ethical AI use for the benefit of society. However, the ethical issues raised by AI’s societal applications in the actual world have generated scholarly debates. Through the prism of framing theory in media and communication, this study examines AI ethics principles from three significant organizations: Microsoft, NIST, and the AI HLEG of the European Commission. Institutional AI ethics communication must be closely examined in this rapidly changing technical environment because of how institutions frame their AI principles.

Framing Theory Perspective of Identity and Narratives of Conflict in Nigerian Media

The first casualty in any conflict situation is often the nature of communication among the conflict actors. Perhaps, that is why conflict is commonly referred to as “breakdown in communication.” In this direction, this study examines framing theory perspectives of identity and narratives of conflict in Nigeria media. Conflict is naturally attractive and a source of news for the media. It is “the bread and butter” of journalism. Since independence in 1960, Nigeria has suffered some of the most obstinate conflicts, most of them constructed from differences in religious and ethnic identities. Religious and ethnic nationalism has led to conflicts about control of state power, unequal allocation of resources, economic decline, and religious clashes. In this context, the media have an important role to play in promoting honest, accurate, and timely information about the issues that will reduce tension, create the conditions for equitable development and reduce the level of ignorance and fear that contribute to misunderstanding and hostility in society. This presumption confers on the media the ability to either escalate or de-escalate conflict situations. This study, therefore, focuses on identity and media narratives of conflict, triangle and levels of conflict analysis, manifest and latent conflict management, including the role of the media in managing and resolving conflict.

Newspaper Content Analysis of 2012-2015 Ombaste Ethnic Conflict in Nasarawa State: A Framing Theory Perspective

This study examined the newspaper coverage of the Ombatse crisis that hit Nasarawa State from 2012-2015. The Ombatse was a movement that wanted to resurrect the Eggon culture in a kind of renaissance and ensure a culture of high morality and chastity; laudable as these objectives were, the group suddenly turned dreadful, assuming a more militant posture; attacking and killing enemies real or perceived including security forces in their hundred. The study employed content analysis, which is a quantitative method of data generation. It applied four predetermined frames: actor frame, action frame, reaction frame, and consequence frame. 2112 dailies were censured for the period of four years. Study applied purposive sampling technique in the selection of the Daily Trust and Leadership newspapers where 180 copies of the papers were examined. The found that reaction frame was the predominant slant of the Nigerian newspapers with 61.1% of the news stories as reactions to the Ombatse activities. By implication, the findings revealed vacuity of the Nigerian media in handling a core national issue to which the media itself is a stakeholder. The study recommended that the media must be active participant in addressing, shaping public understanding of social upheaval- because the role of the media during conflict cannot be underestimated. The media should be able to analyse consequences, the possibility of collateral damage on the parties involved, the shadow parties and the by-standers. Nigerian journalists should also be trained and retrained on guide to sensitive-conflict reporting.

A Comparative Analysis of English Translations of Allusions in Song Lyrics from the Perspective of the Frame Theory

To shed some light on the English translation of Song lyrics, this paper takes the English translation of allusions in Song lyrics by Xin Qiji as the research object, analyzes the role of the frame theory in the English translation of allusions in Song lyrics, and explores the strategies suitable for the translation of allusions from the frame theory perspective.

Framing COVID-19 and the Movement Control Order: Between Social Responsibility and Editorial Ideology

Pandemics pose significant global risks. If the aftermath of a large-scale health crisis is not carefully contained, it can be catastrophic. In times like this, the media plays an important role in educating the public and upholding social order by covering news that is both insightful and positive. This study examines media coverage of the COVID-19 health crisis in Malaysia during the country's Minimal Control Order (MCO) period using a framing theory perspective. According to the results of a content analysis of The Star Online (N=870) and Malaysiakini Bahasa (N=870), issues concerning the technical implementation of the Movemenet Control Order (MCO) and the economy dominated the news. Despite the parallels in the topics covered, the study also discovered that when it came to framing the news, The Star was more optimistic about how the crisis is progressing than Malaysiakini, suggesting that even during a pandemic, local newspapers couldn't wander too far from their political and ideological positions.

Healthy selfing: Theoretically optimal environments for the development of tacting and deictic relational responding


 From a relational frame theory perspective, our sense of self is a by-product of language that arises from transformation of stimulus functions through relational framing of our own responding. In this way, selfing is an important action that allows us to clarify our needs, wants, and what matters to us. Tacting and deictic relational responding are two processes that are instrumental to the development of a healthy selfing repertoire. This paper provides an overview of tacting and deictic relational responding in accordance with relational frame theory in addition to features of an optimal environment for shaping these processes. In terms of tacting, it is important to consider learning environment sensitivity, consequence availability, the individual’s experience, and to facilitate rich discussions of private events. In terms of deictic relational responding, it is important to provide frequent interactions that contain multiple exemplars of distinctions between self and others in addition to rich discussions of private events while also tailoring to the individual when drawing from training protocols. We conclude with a brief overview of the current evidence base regarding the identified features.

The narratives of fertility clinic’s websites in Spain

One of the important developments in assisted reproductive technology is the technique of oocyte preservation, which enables women to preserve their eggs when there is a threat of becoming infertile in the future. In spite of the still experimental status of this procedure, fertility clinics widely recommend it to healthy women who wish to postpone childbearing for social reasons. Since in fertility clinic’s websites appear extensive recommendations and promotion about this technology, it seems important to analyze their online persuasive communication. Our analysis applies a mixed methodology of content and discourse analysis from a framing theory perspective. It provides an in-depth analysis of the content of fertility clinics’ websites in Spain, describing their communication/information strategies regarding fertility preservation for social reasons. The present article confirms the inconsistency that exists in terms of the clarity of the information given by these websites, since the information is framed intending to attract more women to the egg freezing services.

Cause-related marketing for disaster risk reduction in the tourism industry: A comparative analysis of prevention- and recovery-related campaigns

Abstract An increasing number of companies are using Cause-related Marketing (CrM) to fund-raise in support of disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities. This study presents a comparative analysis of two CrM campaigns promoted by a tourism firm in order to improve disaster prevention and recovery of the destination. The results highlight that European tourists belonging to generation Y process prevention- and recovery-related stimuli in different ways. Prevention-related campaigns appear to be generally more effective than recovery-related campaigns. Interestingly, taking in consideration only less-involved to the cause consumers, the intention to participate to the campaign slightly increases in the presence of recovery-related instead of prevention-related cause suggesting further investigation focused on this trend. Theoretical contributions refer to the increased understanding of how tourists elaborate the concept of prevention and recovery from a message framing theory perspective. The paper concludes with managerial implications and opportunities to leverage disaster-oriented CrM campaigns in order to protect hazard-exposed communities.

Framing Islam at the World of Islam Festival, London, 1976

AbstractThis article focuses on a neglected historical example where contemporary museological framings of Islam in Europe were established—the World of Islam Festival in London, 1976. The material consulted consists of the publications and materials from the Festival Trust, media coverage and academic discussions of the Festival. These are analyzed from a frame theory perspective. The Festival is situated in a very specific historical period after the advent of Gulf oil money, but before the resurgence of Islam and the Iranian revolution. It was framed by the traditionalist perspective of Frithjof Schuon and Seyyed Hossein Nasr and in large part funded by the United Arab Emirates. It is argued that what might at first appear to be a festival celebrating the presence of Muslims in modern Britain acted to stabilize a dichotomy between Islam and modernity that is still dominant in museological framings of Islam in Europe.

Persuasive Communication on Social Egg Freezing in California from a Framing Theory Perspective

Persuasive Communication on Social Egg Freezing in California from a Framing Theory Perspective

The Impact of Mindfulness and Perspective-Taking on Implicit Associations Toward the Elderly: a Relational Frame Theory Account.

Perspective-taking interventions have been shown to improve attitudes toward social outgroups. In contrast, similar interventions have produced opposite effects (i.e., enhanced negativity) in the context of attitudes toward elderly groups. The current study investigated whether a brief perspective-taking intervention enhanced with mindfulness would be associated with less negativity than perspective-taking alone. One hundred five participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions which comprised of an active or control perspective-taking component and an active or control mindfulness component. Participants were then administered an Implicit Associated Test to assess implicit biases toward the elderly. Results supported previous findings in that the condition in which perspective-taking was active but mindfulness was inactive was associated with greater negative implicit bias toward the elderly; however, some of this negativity decreased in the active perspective-taking and active mindfulness condition. The current findings and other mixed effects that have emerged from perspective-taking interventions are discussed from a Relational Frame Theory perspective.

Framing a mystery: Information subsidies and media coverage of Malaysia airlines flight 370

This study examines from an information subsidies and framing theory perspective the media coverage of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. Through a content analysis of Malaysian government information subsidies (N=78), and Malaysian (N=155) and Chinese (N=93) newspaper articles, findings include differences of crisis frames and risk roles, the absence of crisis cause did not detract from attribution of responsibility in regard to risk arbiters’ potential solutions to managing the crisis, among other key findings. Implications include the need for the inclusion of an unknown crisis type to the crisis communication typologies and models and theories, as well as supporting the argument of previous studies in regard to media coverage partially determined by the country’s media system and Palmlund’s (1992, 2010) generic roles of societal evaluations of risk.

Furthering a behavior analytic account of self-control using relational frame theory.

The understanding of self-control from a behavior analytic perspective has developed over the past several decades. Researchers have refined the concept of self-control and developed empirical interventions to support the utilization of self-control training in translational and applied settings. This paper describes self-control training, how interventions have been implemented, and suggestions for future research. Future directions include implementing self-control training procedures from a Relational Frame Theory perspective.

Framing Medical Tourism: An Analysis of Persuasive Appeals, Risks and Benefits, and New Media Features of Medical Tourism Broker Websites

This study explores the benefits and risks featured in medical tourism broker websites, as well as the types of persuasive appeals that these websites use to attract potential customers, from a framing theory perspective. In addition, it examines relationships among types of appeals and specific types of health-related services offered by medical facilities abroad and the role of new media modalities within medical tourism broker sites. A content analysis of 91 medical tourism broker websites was conducted. The results indicate that the websites highly emphasized benefits while downplaying the risks. Specifically, despite offering consumers complicated and risky medical procedures, the websites failed to report any procedural, postoperative, or legal concerns associated with them. Moreover, the results indicated that the websites relied on heavy use of new media features to enhance the appeal of the medical services that were offered. The implications of these findings, future directions for research, and limitations of the study are discussed.

Restoring Americans’ nonequivalent frames of terror: An application of Relational Frame Theory.

The present paper describes two studies that attempted to form equivalence classes between terrorist and American images using a matching-to-sample preparation. Experiment 1 first exposed American participants to training conditions in which they were reinforced for matching terrorist to American stimuli and American to terrorist stimuli. Participants were then tested for derived relations between these same American and terrorist stimuli. Additional training was also conducted whereby American and terrorist images were matched with stimuli depicting the words Peace, Unity, and Resolve. Experiment 2 replicated the first experiment and also included additional training and testing conditions to examine any relative effects on participants' ability to form equivalence classes. Results of the two studies suggest that most participants failed to form equivalence classes between the two types of images, yet the degree to which they did increased following the training that paired the terrorist and American images to the words Peace, Unity, and Resolve. Implications of these data from a Relational Frame Theory perspective are presented. Key words: terrorism, Middle Eastern, prejudice, stereotypes, matching-to-sample, Relational Frame Theory. ********** September 11, 2001 changed the lives of many Americans and the perception of security in America. The events at the United States World Trade Center Towers have been devastating to all of America, not only those directly affected. The psychological ramifications and the feeling of a loss of national security that followed the terrorist attacks affected Americans in numerous ways (Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Greenberg, 2003). There has been an increase in persons across the country that are now seeking psychological services of clinicians due to a significant increase in numbers of individuals seeking help for posttraumatic stress (Meisenhelder, 2002; Thobaben, 2002). Other psychological research reports that many Americans have increased their need for human contact (Alper, 2002) and that individuals have sought at religion as a means of coping with such stress and devastation (Meisenhelder, 2002). Evidence also that there has been a 4.9% nation-wide rise in antidepressant prescriptions compared to the 6 months prior to the attacks (Kettl & Bixler, 2002). Case reports are now surfacing of persons who have been tempted to commit suicide following the terrorist attacks (Duggal, Berezkin, & John, 2002). For example, approximately one year following the terrorist attacks, three medical students of Middle Eastern descent were detained for 17 hours after a woman claimed to have heard them discussing the attacks and the additional mourning that the United States would soon face. They were found to be innocent and later released. (New York Times, September 14th, 2002). A natural consequence of the government's warnings to be aware of possible terrorist treats is that individuals with Middle Eastern heritage have often been perceived suspiciously as those who perpetrated the 9/11 attacks were themselves of Middle Eastern heritage. This line of thinking has lead to an overgeneralization of this race as potential terrorists due to their outward appearance and/or religious practices. An additional result of such beliefs and actions is the false accusations and arrest of many law abiding citizens. An unfortunate result of such overgeneralization is that many members of American society pigeon-hole an entire race through prejudice, bias, and stereotypes, even though it is only a small number of individual who correctly fit such perceived attitudes. In the field of social psychology many large-scale and overarching theories have been developed regarding the possession of such hypothetical constructs as racial prejudice, stereotypes, and biases towards members of social, racial, or religious groups with which one is not accustomed to or unfamiliar with (Brown, 1988). …

Terrorism and Relational Frame Theory

The present paper presents a conceptualization of human behavior involved in terrorism from a Relational Frame Theory perspective. Relational frame theory is a contemporary behavior analytic account of human language and cognition. This account has yielded answers to many substantial empirical and theoretical psychological questions that have puzzled psychologists for some time. We believe that relational frame theory can and does account for the behavior of terrorists, those persons affected by terrorists acts directly and indirectly, as well as the entire culture of a country at large. This paper outlines the current state of psychological affairs regarding terrorism in the United States of America, traces the evolution and application of relational frame theory, and describes the prejudices that may follow from a terrorist attack or contribute to terrorist recruitment. Implications for scientists and practitioners are also presented.