Strawberry Research Articles

THE COMPLEX EFFECT OF A MIXTURE OF SAPROTROPHIC BACTERIAL STRAINS ON GARDEN STRAWBERRIES DURING PRE-PLANTING PROCESSING

The studies were carried out in field experiments in 2014-2017 with the aim of a comprehensive assessment of the action of bacterial bioagents on garden strawberry plants in the conditions of a production mother liquor. It has been established that preplant treatment of strawberry seedlings with a suspension of a mixture of strains of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM V-10642, B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM V-10643, B. subtilis VKPM V-10641) in equal proportions, at a concentration of 1×105 CFU/ ml) increased their survival by an average of 20.5% relative to the control, providing a pronounced antistress effect. The degree of damage to strawberry leaves with white spotting decreased by 1.2-1.8 times due to the immunizing effect of the drug. Treatment with a mixture of bacterial strains stimulated an increase in the length of the aerial part by 15%, the length of the root system - by 19%, the biomass of strawberry plants - by 20%, as well as vegetative propagation of strawberries - the number of daughter rosettes increased by 31.8%. The preparative mixture of bacterial strains has a multifunctional effect on plants and is a promising tool for expanding the arsenal of biological methods to increase the efficiency and environmental stabilization of the production of strawberry planting material.

Evaluation of <i>Fragaria×ananassa</i> Duch varieties in the conditions of the Orenburg Region

The article presents the results of the study of strawberry varieties in winter hardiness, yield, resistance to diseases and pests. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture. The objects of study were 15 varieties of garden strawberries of various genetic origin. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the varieties of garden strawberries in the conditions of the Orenburg region for winter hardiness, productivity, resistance to diseases and pests and to identify the best for breeding. As a result of two-year studies of the resistance of strawberry varieties to low temperatures of the winter period, winter-hardy varieties were identified Aleksandrina, Dukat, Elliot, Orlec, Najdena Dobraya, Rubinovyj Kulon, Desnyanka Kokinskaya. Common diseases and pests of strawberries in the Orenburg region are white spot, brown spot, gray rot and strawberry mite. During the years of the study, there was dry hot weather, which contributed to the least development of diseases, but also negatively affected the development of strawberry plants. The defeat of gray rot in the studied varieties was not noted. Field resistance to white spotting was shown by the varieties Orlec, Najdena Dobraya, Daryonka, Baunti, Aleksandrina, Rubinovyj Kulon, Bogota, Troickaya, Desnyanka Kokinskaya, Dukat. The defeat of brown spotting from 0 to 0.3 points was noted in the varieties Rubinovyj Kulon, Desnyanka Kokinskaya. Aleksandrina, Najdena Dobraya. According to yield records, the following varieties were distinguished: Bogota (11,1 t/ga), Troickaya (10,9 t/ga), Daryonka and Dukat (10,3 t/ga), Aleksandrina (9,7 t/ga), Elliot (9,5 t/ga), Desnyanka Kokinskaya (9,4 t/ga), Kalinka (9,3 t/ga). According to the results of the evaluation of strawberry varieties, the starting material for breeding in the Orenburg region can be varieties Aleksandrina, Najdena Dobraya, Rubinovyj Kulon, Desnyanka Kokinskaya. Daryonka, Bogota, Troickaya.

The state and prospects of growing varieties of garden strawberries in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

In our country, the productivity of strawberries ranges from 2 to 10 t/ha and is limited mainly by unfavorable soil and climatic conditions and genetic imperfection of the zoned assortment. So according to employees of the State Export Commission and research institutions, some varieties of strawberries are able to produce 20-30 in different regions. The purpose of our research was to study the biological characteristics of varieties of garden strawberries in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan and to identify promising varieties to improve the assortment. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the fruit and berry nursery of the Educational and Scientific Center of the Bashkir State Agrarian University, located in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objects of research were varieties of garden strawberries adapted to local conditions and completely new to our zone: Festival, Kimberly, Zenga-Zengana, Clery, Alba, Asia, Roxana. The zoned assortment of garden strawberries does not fully meet the modern requirements of industrial and amateur gardening. Varieties with a high level of adaptability to abiotic and biotic stresses are needed, suitable for fresh consumption and for technical processing. Currently, the selection of new varieties, an integrated approach to the study of garden strawberries, the assessment of the genetic potential of varieties, their resistance to major diseases and pests, as well as adverse environmental factors, is of particular relevance. In this regard, the identification of varieties with the necessary economic and valuable characteristics will make it possible to effectively cultivate strawberries in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The productivity of garden strawberries in the studied years (2019-2021) depended on the variety, the age of the plantings and weather conditions during the growing season. The duration of flowering of strawberry varieties for an average of three years was 11-14 days. The longest flowering was observed in the Roxana variety. Early fruit ripening, on average for three years (2019-2021), was typical for the Festival variety (June 15-16). Later, the berries began to ripen in the Roxana variety. The highest yield, on average for three years, was in the Kimberly variety (20.8 t/ ha), the lowest – in the Festival variety (12.8 t/ha). The best indicators of the tasting evaluation were noted in the varieties Kimberly and Asia.

Performance of Integrated Nutrient Management on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cultivar winter drawn in Baksa district, Assam, India

The present demonstration was conducted under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baksa during 2018, 2019 and 2020 to identify a integrated plant nutrient supply through balanced fertilization of organic, inorganic and biofertilisers in strawberry cv. Winter Down and potential effect on growth and yield attributing parameters were investigated. Results revealed that Strawberry cultivar winter dawn showed superior performance on growth parameters like plant height (23.78 cm), number of leaves (26.71nos), numbers of runners (5.98 nos) and length of runners (67.25 cm) per plant in Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost + 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF)as compared to other treatments whereas control showed the minimum growth in all parameters. The plot treated with Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost + 50% RDF also showed early flowering (47.79 days) with more number of flowers (46.23nos.) and early fruiting with more numbers of fruit per plant (36.62nos.) in strawberry cv. winter dawn as comparison to other treatments. The Individual fruit weight (35.67g) found larger in plot treated with Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost + 50% RDF that varies significantly from plot treated with 100% RDF(34.57g), 50% FYM + 50% RDF (33.76g) and 50% Vermicompost + 50% RDF (33.87g) and control (13.59g). The highest yield per plant (538.29g) was obtained from Azotobacter + PSB + vermicompost + 50% RDF treated plot whereas (528.18g), (527.17g), (527.28g), (528.19g) and (241.19g) were achieved from 100% RDF, RDFwith N in two split dose as basal and before the onset of flowering, 50% FYM + 50% RDF and 50% Vermicompost + 50% RDF and control respectively and varies significantly among them. The Azotobacter + PSB + Vermicompost + 50% RDF treated plot found better combination of nutrient management practices in straw berry cultivation both in quality and yield point of view

Вплив грунтово-кліматичних умов на урожайність суниці садової (Fragaria ananassa L.)

Modern climate changes pose new challenges to scientists. Dry springs and low-snow winters negatively affect the development and fruiting of berry crops. Therefore, the breeding of new strawberry varieties, favorable to the new climatic conditions, is timely. On the basis of the Sumy Research Station of Horticulture, the factors that positively affect the development and fruiting of garden strawberries, in particular soil and climatic factors, were studied. Of the climatic factors for berry crops, the most important are heat and moisture supply during the growing season, overwintering conditions, harsh temperature fluctuations in summer and winter, low minimum temperatures, spring frosts and their frequency of recurrence and droughts, as well as soil conditions, which are harmful to fruit crops. To avoid diseases of the root system, it is recommended to avoid heavy clay soils. In conditions of high humidity and poor air access, plants are more vulnerable. Even if it rains, strawberries need watering during the phases of flowering, crop formation, berry picking and bud differentiation. The conducted phenological observations of the studied strawberry varieties showed that the beginning of flowering and ripeness of the varieties ‘Rosana Kyivska’, ‘Olvia’ depend on the beginning of the vegetation period. The yield was determined by weighing at each fruit collection in all areas of the experiment. The yield of mid-early varieties ‘Sonata’ and ‘Giant Journe’y in 2023 was negatively affected by frosts in May on the surface of the soil -1 0С, which damaged 10 % of the flowering plants. Covering with a white cloth and using soil mulching with a black film accelerated the growth of berries. The drip irrigation system even during the dry Mays of 2022-2023 with the amount of precipitation (30 mm) and (16.8 mm) made it possible to obtain a high yield of ‘Prestige’ (11.5 t/ha) and ‘Rainbow’ (11.9 t/ha). Studies have shown that growing garden strawberries under more controlled conditions accelerates plant development, maturity and achieves higher yields than under normal conditions. Key words: garden strawberry, climatic conditions, productivity, culture, variety, soil.

Micro Propagation on Strawberry: A Review

The fruit crop known as strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) produces maximum revenues in the quickest period of time. It is the diet’s richest source of the vitamins and minerals needed for human health. The major method of growing strawberries is by runners, which produce susceptible-to-disease plants. Plantlets produced using in vitro micropropagation are free of disease and can be used for further culture. Using MS media supplemented with 3-4% sugar, 0.751.0% agar, and an adequate combination of plant growth hormones, such as 6-benzyladenine, NAA, IBA, and kinetin, shoot cultures can be grown from shoot tips. Strawberry explants have been cleaned, multiplied into shoots, rooted, and ex vitro acclimated as part of a routine regeneration technique. The difficulties in getting better-quality plants and their higher endurance rate during ex vitro acclimatization can be greatly reduced by in vitro micro propagation. The Culture of Tissue Laboratory, a division of Ain Shams University’s Faculty of Agriculture in Egypt, is where the study was conducted. This work’s main goal was to determine whether using runners as meristem cultures to micropropagate a strawberry cultivars Festival and Marquez is a feasible approach. This was done while testing various gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mgl-1) during the multiplication phase. It was discovered that 0.4 mgl-1 of GA3 produced the greatest number of shoots each organ transplant and each shoot’s leaves, whereas 0.5 mgl-1 was the most effective focal point for growing buds.

Growth and Quality analysis of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cv. Chandler in two production system

The Department of Horticulture at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences in Prayagraj conducted an experiment over 140 days in the years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 to investigate the effects of different grow, micro and bloom nutrient dose and substrate combinations under Hydroponics and pot cultivation in Prayagraj climatic zones for higher yield and quality of strawberry. The experiment was set up using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD), with three replications, each with two hydroponic systems and 12 T0 (control). The two different types of Planting systems (pot experiments and hydroponic experiments), as well as their interaction, has a big impact on the Plants’s yield and quality parameters. The results show that Plants grown in a hydroponic system along T7 (with Grow, Micro, and Bloom) at 24-hour intervals of 42 days optimize production and perform best in terms of growth, yield and quality contributing traits. In comparison to soil and soilless medium, the hydroponic system produced yields that were 20-92% and 16-91% greater, respectively. The nutrient absorption was likewise the highest under this method, indicating that nutrients are available to Plants in hydroponic systems more readily than in soilless medium or soil, and that this method provided the largest net returns and benefits and rate of cost.

Особливості маркетингової політики просування товарів на ринку заморожених ягід

The aim of the article is to determine the features of the marketing policy for promoting goods in the market of frozen berries. The article analyzes the current state of the domestic and world market of frozen berries. It is determined that the market of frozen berries in Ukraine began to develop rapidly and actively in 2015. It is found that Ukraine today has a significant potential for berry growing and can ensure full domestic consumption of fruits and vegetables (including in winter) and send products for export. The article determines that the area of plantations of organic raspberries, blueberries and garden strawberries in 2022 increased by more than 2 times compared to 2021, in terms of the volume of plantations, the area of organic raspberries have increased the most. It is noted that in 2022, the importers of Ukrainian organic raspberries were Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic and Serbia. A study of respondents’ perception of innovative products – organic frozen berries – was carried out and recommendations for the formation of marketable products for a new product in the market of frozen fruits and berries have been developed. The authors also conducted a study on the varieties of frozen berries and fruits, packaging and price segments. According to the results of the carried out survey, it was found that 31% of respondents buy frozen berries and fruits from «Arti» LLC. According to the results of the formation of the Ansoff matrix for the development of «Arti» LLC, it was determined that among the possible directions of development of the enterprise is the supply of a new product (production of organic fruit and vegetable products with a full cycle) to the markets of the EU countries. It is concluded that it is expedient for «Arti» LLC to supply its products to the market of the EU countries not in the form of raw materials, but as a finished product of frozen organic raspberries. In order to bring this idea to life, it is necessary to certify the land and the enterprise.

Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Strawberry

A field experiment was conducted to study the “Impact of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers on growth, flowering and quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa” in the year 2021-2022 during rabi season. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 9 treatment and 3 replications. The treatments were T RDF- 100% NPK (control), T (FYM 75% + NPK 25%), T (Vermicompost 75% + NPK 25%), T (Poultry manure 75% + NPK 25%), T (FYM 50% + NPK 50%), T (Vermicompost 50% + NPK 50%), T (Poultry manure + NPK 50%), T (FYM 25% + NPK 75%), T (Vermicompost 25% + NPK 75%). From the above treatments and experiment conducted, it is found that treatment T (Vermicompost 25% + NPK 75%) was found best for all the parameters in Plant height, Number of leaves, Leaf area, Plant spread, Days taken for first flowering, Number of flower per plant, Days taken for first fruiting, No. of fruit per plant, Average per fruit weight, Fruit weight per plant, Fruit length, Fruit width, Total fruit yield, Total soluble solids, Acidity, Ascorbic acid. Also treatment T (Vermicompost 25% + NPK 75%) was found to be best and suitable in term of benefit cost ratio.

Efficiency of the use of bio preparations for increasing the storage life of garden strawberry berries

Efficiency of the use of bio preparations for increasing the storage life of garden strawberry berries

Assessment of the resistance of strawberry varieties to major diseases in the south of Sakhalin

The article presents the main diseases of garden strawberries in the monsoon climate of the island. Sakhalin - gray rot and white spot. Observations were carried out from 2017 to 2020 in the experimental nursery of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture”. The purpose of the research was to assess the introduced varieties of garden strawberry for resistance to diseases with the selection of the most resistant varieties for its further introduction. The objects of study were 21 varieties of garden strawberry As a result of the research, varieties that are complexly resistant to white spot and gray rot were identified: Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa. Deroyyal, El’santa, Figaro, Sal’sa, Tago. Varieties with resistance to white spot are distinguished: Tanyusha, Rumba, Evi, Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa, Cheburashka. Varieties with weak, 1 point susceptibility to one of the diseases - Rumba, Evi, Cheburashka, Kleri, Podarok sud’by, Vima Zanta, Figaro, Tago, Sal’sa The most affected strawberry varieties to gray rot disease were noted in 2020. The most favorable for the development of white spot disease developed in 2018, 2020, associated with the temperature regime of the air in these years, where the sum of effective temperatures was 781 ° C and 830 ° C. and farms.

Features of the development of strawberry microplants in vitro

This article presents the results of a study of the effect of different sterilizers and nutrient media of different composition on the characteristics of the growth and development of garden strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) microplants in vitro. To introduce a plant into a cell and tissue culture, two very important conditions must be met - to choose the right sterilizing solution, its concentration and processing time, and to choose the right balanced nutrient medium suitable for a particular culture. The studies were carried out on two varieties of garden strawberries: Favorit and White Swede. Sterilization of plant material was carried out with two sterilizers - 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 1% silver nitrate solution. Studies have shown that the largest number of sterile explants was obtained by sterilizing the material with silver nitrate. Subsequently, viable meristems were planted on three nutrient media of different composition. According to the data obtained, it can be concluded that the MS nutrient medium with the addition of cytokinin 6-BAP at a concentration of 1 mg/L turned out to be the best in terms of the multiplication factor, the percentage of survival and the height of microplants..

Effects of various nitrogen fertilizers and the Extrasol biopreparation on the quality of garden strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) at fertigation with drip irrigation on soddy podzolic soils

Current approaches to land use and agricultural production are increasingly aimed at achieving high productivity through the use of crop rotation, siderites, integrated plant protection, minimized soil cultivation, microbiological fertilizers, and biological preparations. Modern microbiological preparations enhance the uptake of nitrogen and ash elements by plants, improving the rhizosphere of plants and the quality of strawberry fruit. Aim. To establish the effect of Extrasol applied using drip irrigation and various forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on the chemical composition of leaves and fruit of garden strawberry.Materials and methods. Garden strawberry plants of the Rusich and Troitskaya cultivars were treated with Extrasol and mineral fertilizers. Experiments were carried out in 2017–2020 at open-ground plots of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow Oblast). The experimental plots were characterized by soddy podzolic soils of medium-loam granulometric composition. Plant samples were analyzed using conventional methods. The experimental scheme consisted in the application of various nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate) either in combination (2 mL/L of the working solution) or without Extrasol. Conclusions. In strawberry cv. Rusich, the use of ammonium nitrate increased the calcium content in plant leaves and decreased its content in fruit, which negatively affected the crop quality. Mineral fertilizers applied in combination with Extrasol increased the nitrogen content in leaves and fruit. The combined use of the amide form of nitrogen (urea) and Extrasol adversely affected the level of nitrates in cv. Troitskaya fruit. The use of fertigation and Extrasol reduced the amount of soluble dry substances in strawberry fruit.

Use of prolonged-acting fertilizers in growing garden strawberry seedlings

Timeliness. Currently, the Russian Federation has a high demand in healthy planting material of garden strawberries. The benefits of using fertilizers when growing strawberry seedlings have been proven by numerous studies. However, a comparative study of the effect of new fertilizers and methods of their application is very limited. In this regard, studies aimed at identifying the effectiveness of the use of prolonged-acting fertilizers in the production of garden strawberry planting material in protected soil conditions are relevant.Methods. Adapted to non-sterile conditions, ex vitro healthy garden strawberry plants were planted in a peat substrate of Veltorf LLC (recipe No. 5c/2) with the addition of Pg mix starter fertilizer with the structure NPK 14-16-18 + microelements (1.5 g/l of substrate). At the same time, prolonged-acting fertilizers were introduced into the substrate in the recommended concentrations: FertiPro Gran 1M (1.25 g/l of substrate), Ruscote 5-6M (3.0 g/l of substrate), Basacote Plus 6M (4.0 g/l of substrate), control peat substrate without fertilizers, PG mix standard.Results. It has been established that for the Karmen crop with an average runner-forming ability, the effectiveness of applying FertiPro Gran 1M fertilizer to the substrate was revealed, with the use of which, on the 180th day of cultivation, the number of runners and rosettes increases by 3.5–3.8 times compared to the control. At the same time, the yield of marketable seedlings is 95% compared to 70% in the control. For the Jūnija smaids crop with a high vine-forming ability, the effectiveness of all experimental variants with the application of FertiPro Gran 1M, Ruscote and Basacote Plus fertilizers to the substrate was revealed, with the use of which, on the 180th day of cultivation, the number of runners and rosettes increases by 1,9-2,5 times compared to the control. At the same time, the yield of marketable seedlings is 94-96% compared to 65% in the control.Conclusion. The introduction of long–acting fertilizers FertiPro Gran, Ruscote and Basacote Plus into the peat substrate with the addition of Pg mix starter fertilizer allowed a 2.3 – 3.8-fold increase in the number of runners obtained and 1.9-3.5-fold increase in the number of sockets obtained compared to the control without fertilizers.

Appraisal of Heavy Metals Accumulation, Physiological Response, and Human Health Risks of Five Crop Species Grown at Various Distances from Traffic Highway

Road surfaces and vehicular traffic contribute to heavy metals (HM) contamination of soil and plants, which poses various health risks to humans by entering the food chain. It is imperative to evaluate the status of contamination with HM and associated health risks in soils and plants, especially food crops. In this regard, five crop species, i.e., strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), were evaluated at 0–10, 10–50, and 50–100 m distance from the highway near the urban area (Takht Bhai) of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation, phenolics, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and proline contents in plant parts were assessed. Pb and Cd in plants decreased with an increase in distance. Pb was above the critical limit in all plants except wheat, Cd exceeded the permissible level of the World Health Organization in all plants except wheat and tomato. Pb and Cd were higher in strawberries. Tomato and strawberry fruits, tobacco leaves, and sugarcane stems showed higher Pb contents at a 0–10 m distance. Phenolic contents in leaves were higher than in roots. The target hazard quotient (THQ) in edible parts of most crops has been greater than one, which presents a threat to human health upon consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first holistic approach to assess metal contamination in the selected area, its accumulation in field-grown edible crops, and associated health risk.

Effect of AgNps and different sources of Zinc on rooting and acclimation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem in vitro

This study was conducted to examine the effect of adding different concentrations of nano silver nitrate (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and zinc source {traditional(0.86mg L-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O) and nano zinc 0.086mg L-1 as Zinc oxide) to the specifies medium of rooting strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem, in addition to testing the efficiency of nano silver nitrate and zinc source on successful percentage of cultures adapting stage. Results revealed that highest rooting percentage, root numbers, roots length, leaves content of total chlorophyll and macro nutrients (N, P and K) were achieved the highest average at 10mg L-1 + nano zinc treatment. The source of cultures resulting from rooting stage affected the plant survival at acclimatization stage. The treatment 10 and 15mg L-1 of nano silver nitrate + nano zinc achieved 100% success percentage.

Dry waste of red tea leaves and rose petals confer salinity stress tolerance in strawberry plants via modulation of growth and physiology

Climate change is considered one of the major contributing factors to soil salinization, leading to land degradation. Several alternative organic waste materials are proposed for agricultural sustainability. Strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa cv. Tioga) is one of the most consumed crop plants on a global scale due to its numerous economic and industrial benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how varying concentrations of diluted salt water (0%, 10%, 40%, 80%, 100%) affected the growth and physiology of Fragaria ananassa cv. Tioga. Our results indicated that shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area, fruits weight, fruits per plants, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a and b significantly decreased in salt-stressed strawberry plants as compared to control plants. Moreover, salinity stress increased the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium (Na) content, SOD and APX activity. However, the application of dry waster of tea leaves (DWT) and dry waste of rose petals (DWR) led to improvements in chlorophyll content, RWC and potassium (K) content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and fruit yield of strawberry plants. In comparison to DWT, the best outcome was observed in plants treated with DWR, suggesting a new and eco-friendly strategy to increase crop yields under salt stress in commercial production. In conclusion, DWT and DWR treatments helps in the improvement of strawberries grown under salt stress conditions and increases their tolerance to salt stress.

Mycotoxin contamination of fresh berries and fruits marketed in the central region of Russia

New emerging strains of toxigenic molds in agricultural areas and insufficient data on levels of their toxic metabolites occurring in domestic horticultural fruits and berries require risk assessment of MT contamination for this plant group of mass consumer products. This study concentrated on samples of fresh fruits and berries sold on the consumer market (185 samples, including 127 intact and 58 with signs of deformation and molding). We applied our own developed technique for quantification of mycotoxins based on HPLC-MS/MS. In this study, we were the first in the RF to examine contamination of garden strawberries, raspberries, currants, huck-leberries, blueberries, gooseberries, dogwood, plums, blackthorn, apples, pears) with 27 MT including poorly studied emergent MT (EMT), produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria. Strawberries, gooseberries, black currants and raspberries turned out to be the most contaminated with MT; red currants, apples and pears were less contaminated. The greatest variety of MT and EMT species was found in strawberries (23 MT), gooseberries (8 MT), black currants (7 MT) and raspberries (6 MT). Among the regulated MT, fumonisins B1 and B2, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 were detected in intact strawberries; patulin, in raspberries; deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in black currant. As for damaged and moldy berries and fruits, the list of detectable toxins was expanded, primarily due to the detection of several types of unregulated EMTs. EMT tenuazonic acid was mainly detected in moldy berries; its levels increased manifold in almost all species, except for strawberries in which penicillic acid prevailed. These new data on MT contamination in fruits and berries indicate the necessity to perform in-depth hygienic assessment of such products sold on the Russian market to identify MT, EMT and their producers. The obtained results will be used to identify hazards at the first stage in risk assessment with its focus on MT and EMT contamination of fresh fruits and berries.

Оценка потенциальной опасности влияния риск-индуцирующих факторов образовательного процесса и среды обитания на соматическое здоровье учащихся школ различного типа

New emerging strains of toxigenic molds in agricultural areas and insufficient data on levels of their toxic metabolites occurring in domestic horticultural fruits and berries require risk assessment of MT contamination for this plant group of mass consumer products. This study concentrated on samples of fresh fruits and berries sold on the consumer market (185 samples, including 127 intact and 58 with signs of deformation and molding). We applied our own developed technique for quantification of mycotoxins based on HPLC-MS/MS. In this study, we were the first in the RF to examine contamination of garden strawberries, raspberries, currants, huck-leberries, blueberries, gooseberries, dogwood, plums, blackthorn, apples, pears) with 27 MT including poorly studied emergent MT (EMT), produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria. Strawberries, gooseberries, black currants and raspberries turned out to be the most contaminated with MT; red currants, apples and pears were less contaminated. The greatest variety of MT and EMT species was found in strawberries (23 MT), gooseberries (8 MT), black currants (7 MT) and raspberries (6 MT). Among the regulated MT, fumonisins B1 and B2, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 were detected in intact strawberries; patulin, in raspberries; deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in black currant. As for damaged and moldy berries and fruits, the list of detectable toxins was expanded, primarily due to the detection of several types of unregulated EMTs. EMT tenuazonic acid was mainly detected in moldy berries; its levels increased manifold in almost all species, except for strawberries in which penicillic acid prevailed. These new data on MT contamination in fruits and berries indicate the necessity to perform in-depth hygienic assessment of such products sold on the Russian market to identify MT, EMT and their producers. The obtained results will be used to identify hazards at the first stage in risk assessment with its focus on MT and EMT contamination of fresh fruits and berries.

Quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits and breeding for their improvement

Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources the information about the main quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits (large fruit size, hardness or firmness of fruits, biochemical composition) and breeding possibilities of their improvement at the present stage of breeding is summarized. Quality characteristics of garden strawberries are differentiated by groups: commercial, consumer, biochemical, physical and mechanical, technological. When growing garden strawberries for fresh consumption, the following large-fruited varieties were identified: Clery (Italy), Florence (UK), Alba (Italy), Roxana (Italy), Vima Xima (Netherlands), Vima Tarda (Netherlands), Vima Kimberly (Netherlands), Maya (Italy), San Andreas (USA), Taira, Nelly, Kemiya, Elegy, Alpha, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Krymchanka 87, Arossa, Zarya, Krymskaya rannaya, Uniol, Jantarnaja. The trait of fruit hardness refers to the technological characteristics, but it also depends on the appearance of fruits during harvesting and transportation, which determines the commercial appearance. The following varieties have a high degree of fruit hardness: Tsaritsa, Surprise olympics, Rubinovy kulon, Feyerverk, Aquarelle, Alina, Nelli, Induka (Netherlands), Clery, Darselect (France), Tenira (Netherlands), Selekta (Canada), Polka (Netherlands), Irma (Italy), Alba, Asia (Italy), Syria (Italy), Onda (Italy), Vivaldi (Netherlands). Strawberry fruits are characterized by a unique composition of biologically active compounds that determine the nutritional value of the crop as a source of dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Studies indicate a predominant role of genotype in the accumulation of antioxidants in garden strawberry fruits, as well as the influence of growing conditions on the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. Due to the development of cultivation technologies and the expansion of knowledge about the nutraceutical value of garden strawberries, improving the quality of fruits has become one of the priority objectives of breeding programs around the world. To increase the level of fruit quality traits in garden strawberry, the greatest effect can be achieved by using the original forms with proven donor properties on these traits in breeding.