Fractions Of Substances Research Articles

Deciphering the impacts of composition of extracellular polymeric substances on sludge dewaterability: An often overlooked role of amino acids

An investigation was conducted for waste activated sludge pretreated by different methods (e.g., ultrasonic, thermal, ozone, and acid/alkaline) in order to establish correlations between amino acids and parameters related to sludge dewaterability (e.g., capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in different fractions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), zeta potential, and particle sizes). The results indicated that glycine, serine, and threonine were the key identified amino acids correlated with parameters related to sludge dewaterability. To be exemplified, glycine showed positive correlations with the normalized CST (regression coefficient (R) = 0.72, p < 0.05), the normalized SRF (R = 0.74, p < 0.05), PN in soluble EPS (R = 0.89, p < 0.05), PS in soluble EPS (R = 0.56, p < 0.05), tryptophan-like PN in soluble EPS (R = 0.60, p < 0.05), and tryptophan-like PN in loosely-bound EPS (R = 0.58, p < 0.05). After adding extra glycine, serine, and threonine into sludge samples, sludge dewaterability was deteriorated. The hydrophilic functional groups of CO and C–OH were found to be more predominant in sludge with the presence of these amino acids. The Lewis acid-base interaction predominated in determining the net attraction among sludge flocs. Moreover, the presence of glycine, serine, and threonine resulted in high repulsive hydrophilic interaction, which deteriorated sludge dewaterability. This study emphasized the importance of amino acids in sludge dewatering and amino acids might be incorporated into parameters reflecting sludge dewaterability.

New possibility for characterization of dissociation behaviour of supramolecular electrolytes: results obtained for the International Humic Substances Society standard and reference samples by coulometry

BackgroundHumic substances can be considered as polyelectrolytes with supramolecular character and complicated behaviour in water environment. The fractions of humic substances dissolved in water are the most active ones and determinative for their functioning in nature, where the proton-binding and dissociation ability play a crucial role. The dissociation behaviour of humic and fulvic acids can be affected by different circumstances including their concentration which is directly connected with the molecular organization of humic particles in solution and the accessibility of their ionizable functional groups. This study is focused just on these active fractions and their dissociation behaviour in the dependence on their content in studied system.ResultsStandards and reference samples of International Humic Substances Society were used. Flow-through coulometry was used to determine the total content of acidic functional groups in fulvic solutions and humic leachates. The amount of dissociated acidic groups was determined on the basis of potentiometry. Several differences between the behaviour of humic and fulvic acids were found. While whole samples of fulvic acids including the weakest functional groups were analysed, only the active dissolved humic fractions containing stronger acidic functional groups were characterized. The fractions containing higher amounts of the weakest functional groups remained insoluble. The dissociation degree of fulvic acids decreased with their increasing content, but a maximum on its concentration dependence obtained for humic acids was observed.ConclusionsTwo different values of dissociation constants were determined for each sample. The first was determined on the basis of the extrapolation of infinite dilution, second was determined as their average value in the region of high concentrations in which it was constant. Obtained values characterize the functioning of dissolved humic substances from point of view of their dissociation ability. The results obtained by this approach can help to predict the acid–base behaviour of dissolved organic carbon in soil and generally in nature. The acid–base behaviour of dissolved organic carbon depends on its ratio to water. It behaves differently in soil which is dry and in soil which is wet or saturated by water.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY OF VEGETABLE OILS PRODUCED IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Vegetable oils are a valuable multivitamin raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry due to the content of effective biologically active organic components and mineral substances. To assess the quality and food safety of unrefined vegetable oils obtained from sunflower seeds and flax of Kazakhstan agro-formations by the method of «cold pressing,» we studied the basic indicators of their qualitative and quantitative composition. It was found that the organoleptic characteristics (transparency, color, smell and taste) of the tested vegetable oils correspond to unrefined sunflower oil of the highest grade, unrefined linseed oil of the first grade. Studies of the physicochemical parameters of sunflower and linseed oils: colored number (14,40 mg of iodine), acid number (1,4-1,5 mg KOH/g), weight fraction of phosphoruscontaining substances (0,18% and 0,5%), humidity (0,13%; 0,17%), peroxide number (6,7 and 9,0 mmol of active O2/g), iodine number (132 and 176 gJ2/100) and saponification number (188 and 187 mg/g) also correspond the requirements of regulatory documents and standards. In sunflower oil samples, the amount of oleic acid is 52,21%, linoleic acid 28,97% is determined, which are within the normal range, although they are adjacent to the levels of higher limits. Analysis of linseed oil fatty acids showed that samples contain linolenic acid 50,1%, All other fatty acids are noted within the permissible limits, and oleic acid 14,13%, linoleic acid 17,9% are close to the upper limits of permissible limits. NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the optimal ratio of ω-6 andω-3 of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of the studied vegetable oils correspond to their name in the ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Linking soils and streams: Chemical composition and sources of eroded organic matter during rainfall events in a Loess hilly-gully region of China

Ascertaining the chemical compositions and sources of eroded organic matter (OM) is of significant importance for understanding the flux and fate of laterally transported OM at the catchment scale. Limited information, however, is available for the sources and dynamics of the eroded OM in bulk and soluble phases in relation to land-use types and rainfall events from an erosion prone landscape. In this study, we collected the top-soils from different land-uses and gully bank in uplands over seven rainfall events in 2016 to address this issue at two contrasting watersheds (with vs. without soil conservation measures) in the Loess hilly-gully region of China. Chemical compositions of eroded OM in bulk sediments and stream waters at the stream channels during rainfall processes were determined by spectroscopic analysis and source partition was inferred with the stable isotopic technique. Our results indicated that OM from forested soils had higher aromaticity, hydrophobic fraction, humification, molecular weight, and proportion of humic-like substance compared with other land-use types. The calculation with isotope mixing model indicated that the eroded bulk OM sources in sediments mainly originated from gully bank, orchard, and forests at the watershed coupled with soil conservation measures. Further, gully banks were the main contributor of eroded OM during rainfall events only at the watershed without conservation practices. Moreover, the principal component analysis suggested that the dissolved organic matter in stream waters were primarily derived from microbial OM sources (i.e. biological production of OM) in deep soils during rainfall events at both contrasting watersheds. Our findings highlight the effects of soil conservation measures and rainfall events on the nature and reactivity of eroded OM in various forms issuing from watersheds.

Literature Review on Estimation of Drug Parameters Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is a computing technique used to identify the pharmacokinetic properties of humans and other animal species. This technique is used to identify various drug parameters. One of the parameters is bioavailability. Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of substances being absorbed by the body. Contrasts in bioavailability, realizing whether drug formulations are identical is necessary. The area under the plasma concentration time curve which is AUC determines the bioavailability of the drug. PBPK model is a significant modelling to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The goal of this paper is to review various literature which uses PBPK model in different pharmaceutical applications in different populations evaluating, verifying, predicting and identifying different pharmacokinetic and drug parameters.

Effects of dissolved oxygen on the sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution by bioleaching

Bioleaching is a biological conditioning technology for sludge, which not only improves sludge dewatering performance but also removes heavy metals from sludge. As the bioleaching process is a comprehensive biological and chemical process, it is necessary to explore the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on bioleaching efficiency. Three bioleaching experiments with different DO concentrations (T1: 0.8–3.1 mg/L, T2: 3.1–5.5 mg/L, T3: 5.5–7.5 mg/L) were conducted for five days. The sludge dewatering efficiency was evaluated using capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF). The relationship between sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fraction distribution was investigated. In the treatment with the highest DO concentration, the minimum values of SRF and CST were 4.31 × 1011 m/kg and 13.5 s, which occurred earlier than the treatment with the lower DO concentrations by approximately 24–48 h. A significant decrease (83.4–93.2%) in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) protein (PN) was observed in all treatments, while a positive correlation (r = 0.924, P < 0.01) was observed between SRF and PN content in TB-EPS. A relatively higher abundance of Acidithiobacillus was found with the increase in DO concentration. Additionally, other genera including Metallibacterium, Alicyclobacillus, Acidibacter, Acidocella, and Luteococcus also played important roles in EPS biodegradation. These results revealed that increasing the DO concentration could improve sludge dewatering performance and heavy metal removal by enhancing bioleaching microbial activity, the degradation of PN in TB-EPS, and sludge floc fragmentation, but only if sufficient energy sources were provided.

Quality indicators of hymatomelanic acids preparation as a potential anti-rheumatoid agent

The article studies the influence of hymatomelanic acids, one of the fractions of humic substances of peloids, on the course of rheumatoid arthritis. This substance was standardized by using physicochemical analysis. The elemental composition of the substance as well as a number of spectral (IR, NMR) characteristics were revealed. The list of components formed as a result of hydrolysis of the initial preparation and their relative content was determined. Fatty acids and their derivatives are the predominant constituents of peloid hymatomelanic acid hydrolyzate. The tissues of immunocompetent organs including regional lymph nodes, spleen, and also rat liver were studied. For the experiment, a model of adjuvant arthritis was selected and four groups of animals were formed. They were withdrawn from the experiment on the 17, 21 and 26 day. The histological picture indicated that when modeling rheumatoid arthritis, such pathological changes in the immunocompetent organs of rats as edema of the parenchyma and stroma, sclerosis, thickening of the walls of blood vessels, develop during the whole period of observation. A list of descriptors of the studied drug was obtained and it was found that the use of peloid himatomelanic acids in the model of adjuvant arthritis had a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, as evidenced by the normalization of the morphofunctional state of the spleen, regional lymph nodes and liver.

Production, Purification, and Study of the Amino Acid Composition of Microalgae Proteins.

Microalgae are known to be rich in protein. In this study, we aim to investigate methods of producing and purifying proteins of 98 microalgae including Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, Nostoc sp., Dunaliella salina, and Pleurochrysis carterae (Baltic Sea). Therefore, we studied their amino acid composition and developed a two-stage protein concentrate purification method from the microalgae biomass. After an additional stage of purification, the mass fraction of protein substances with a molecular weight greater than 50 kDa in the protein concentrate isolated from the biomass of the microalga Dunaliella salina increased by 2.58 times as compared with the mass fraction before filtration. In the protein concentrate isolated from the biomass of the microalga Pleurochrysis cartera, the relative content of the fraction with a molecular weight greater than 50.0 kDa reached 82.4%, which was 2.43 times higher than the relative content of the same fractions in the protein concentrate isolated from this culture before the two-stage purification. The possibilities of large-scale industrial production of microalgae biomass and an expanded range of uses determine the need to search for highly productive protein strains of microalgae and to optimize the conditions for isolating amino acids from them.

Fine three-dimensional simulation of the heterogeneous anode of a solid oxide fuel cell with direct internal reforming

The performance of direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells (DIR-SOFCs) depends on the coupling of multiphysics field and electrode microstructure. This study develops a heterogeneous model for a DIR-SOFC anode based on a microstructure reconstructed using X-ray. The control equations are accurately defined at the corresponding geometry characteristic in accordance with the actual physical phenomena. The distributions of activation overpotential and molar fractions of substances are investigated. The effects of total overpotential, prereforming extent, and operating temperature are discussed. Electrochemistry reaction rate is faster than reforming reaction rate and is fluctuating at a microscale. Total overpotential has an insignificant effect on CH4 conversion rate, but operating temperature has a significant effect on CH4 conversion rate and electrical performance of cell. Higher prereforming extent of methane is beneficial for elevating electrical performance. The present model is beneficial for the study on the relationship between the microstructure and cell performance.

Efficiency of Application of Liquid Fertilizer Gumavit When Sprouting Seeds

The object of this study was Gumavit, a liquid humic fertilizer based on peat. This fertilizer is obtained by cavitation dispergation of peat in a shock pulse generator and subsequent alkaline extraction from a water-peat mixture of humic acids. This study examined the effect of Gumavit on the germination energy and germination capacity of barley seeds, wheat and tomatoes, as well as its effect on plant growth and development. It was found that Gumavit did not adversely affect the germination energy and germination capacity of seeds of grain crops and tomatoes. The use of a 0.2% (of humic acids - HA) Gumavit solution had a positive effect on the sowing quality of the studied cultures’ seeds. The use of a 0.01% (of HA) solution of Gumavit to moisten sand and germinate seeds after 14 days had a positive effect on the length and mass of Favorit wheat grain sprouts; as well as a positive effect on the root mass of Favorit and Kamyshanka-3 wheat, Volgogradskii-12 barley, Volgogradskii 5/95 tomatoes and Dar Zavolzhia tomatoes. The increase in the root mass of the studied cultures can be explained by the absorption of a small fraction of humic substances by the roots of these plants, leading to an increase in the number of lateral roots and their root hairs.&#x0D; Keywords: Gumavit, seed treatment, germination energy, germination capacity, grain crops, tomatoes, moistening sand, length and mass of sprouts

Distinctive Sources Govern Organic Aerosol Fractions with Different Degrees of Oxygenation in the Urban Atmosphere.

Understanding how the sources of an atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) govern its burden is crucial for assessing its impact on the environment and adopting proper control strategies. In this study, the sources of OA over Beijing were assessed year-around based on the combination of two separation approaches for OA, one from chemical fractionation into the high-polarity fraction of water-soluble organic matter (HP-WSOM), humic-like substances (HULIS), and water-insoluble organic matter (WISOM), and the other from statistical grouping using positive matrix factorization (PMF) of high-resolution aerosol mass spectra. Among the three OA fractions, HP-WSOM has the highest O/C ratio (1.36), followed by HULIS (0.56) and WISOM (0.17). The major sources of different OA fractions were distinct: HP-WSOM was dominated by more oxidized oxygenated OA (96%); HULIS by cooking-like OA (40%), less oxidized oxygenated OA (27%), and biomass burning OA (21%); and WISOM by fossil fuel OA (77%). In addition, our results provide evidence that mass spectral-based PMF factors are associated with specific substructures in molecules. These structures are further discussed in the context of the FT-IR results. This study presents an overall relationship of OA groups monitored by chemical and statistical approaches for the first time, providing insights for future source apportionment studies.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАГЕНТОВ ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С КОРРОЗИЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯУЗЕНЬ

One of the biggest challenges in oil and gas production projects is dealing with the various types of corrosion to which certain parts of field equipment are exposed. Selecting the right corrosion inhibitor for the specific environment is extremely important. Choosing inhibitors for a particular location can be a difficult task because there are many factors to be considered. Understanding the corrosion problems that can arise is important in the oil and gas industry, and knowledge of which inhibitors to use to deal with general and localized corrosion will save time and money in the long run. This article presents the results of studies of various brands of domestic and foreign corrosion inhibitors for use in the Uzen field: physical and chemical characteristics (density, viscosity, freezing temperature, mass fraction of active substance, compatibility with field waters, amine number), efficiency of corrosion inhibitors in laboratory conditions and on a bench simulating field reservoir conditions, taking into account pressure, temperature, fluid flow rate, as well as aggressive components - hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In addition, studies of corrosion inhibitors' effect on the process of preparation of production are also given. The works were carried out in the center of scientific and laboratory research of KMG Engineering branch " KazNIPImunaygas" LLP.

Visible light-activated NGQD/nsC3N4/Bi2WO6 microsphere composite for effluent organic matter treatment

The diminishing availability of clean water resources has led to a high demand for advanced, effective wastewater effluent reclamation techniques. In this study, a new microsphere composite of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots, nanosheet C3N4, and Bi2WO6 was synthesized and characterized to examine its feasibility as a visible light-activated photocatalyst for wastewater reclamation. At the optimal dose of 1 g•L−1 under 6 h of illumination, the composite exhibited a high removal capability for effluent organic matter (82.8 ± 1.6%). Its high performance and stability over multiple cycles are attributed to two factors: (1) its harvesting ability over a wide range of the visible light region and (2) its ability to separate photoinduced charge carriers effectively, which is driven by the efficient interfacial contact of the hosts and inclusion of the photosensitized nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots in the structural network. The complex effluent organic matter removal process of the compound was further examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that humic-like components with a higher degree of aromatic condensation and greater molecular size were preferentially removed by photocatalysis. Protein-like components were removed more rapidly than the humic-like components due to the synergetic effects of OH and 1O2 on the rapid decomposition of low-molecular-weight compounds. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the photocatalytic system preferentially removed larger molecules via adsorption and oxidation; however, smaller size fractions might be produced via the breakdown of biopolymer and humic substance fractions in effluent organic matter.

Excess sludge disintegration by discharge plasma oxidation: Efficiency and underlying mechanisms

A huge amount of excess sludge is inevitably produced in wastewater treatment, and it is becoming more and more urgent to realize efficient sludge reduction. Discharge plasma oxidation was used to efficiently disintegrate excess sludge for sludge reduction in this study. Approximately 18.22% sludge disintegration and 27.8% reduction of total suspended solids (TSS) were achieved by discharge plasma treatment. The water content of the filter cake decreased from 81.9% to 76.0% and the bound water content decreased from 2.66 g/g dry solid to 0.73 g/g dry solid after treatment. The large quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by discharge plasma played important roles in sludge disintegration by destroying flocs and promoting the transformation of organic substances. Concurrent cell lysis induced by ROS oxidation released intracellular organics and water into the liquid phase. The fraction of soluble extracellular polymer substances (S-EPS) was enhanced from 16.10% to 58.51%, whereas the tightly bound fraction was reduced from 70.62% to 28.91%. Migration and decomposition of EPS were the main processes for EPS changing at a low oxidation capacity, whereas cell lysis became important at a high oxidation capacity. In summary, the plasma treatment effectively improved sludge disintegration.

Clarification of sunflower oil with nanocarbon sorbent and analysis of product quality indicators

The concept of Industrie 4.0 involves the introduction of innovative industrial technologies. Sunflower oil is the most common vegetable oil in Russia. Improvement of sunflower oil quality is required taking into account changes in the domestic and foreign markets of Russia. The process of oil clarification with nanocarbon structures is proposed in the article. The influence of fullerene-containing sorbent on the efficiency of sunflower oil clarification process was investigated in the work. The mathematical model of the process is developed with the complete factorial experiment. Colour, acid number, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances were taken as quality indicators. Variable indicators were the amount of fullerene-containing sorbent, the particle size of the fullerene-containing sorbent and the clarification process temperature. Series of experiments were carried out. According to them the values of color and acid numbers, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of the oil were obtained. The indicators obtained were compared with the oil indicators after the traditional clarification method. According to the built mathematical models graphs, a comprehensive quality indicator was determined as well as the optimal values of the conditions for the clarification process. It was found out that the use of fullerene-containing carbon as a sorbent for sunflower oil clarification improves the acid number by 80%, the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – by 74%, and the color index – twice. Thus, the use of fullerene-containing carbon as an adsorbent makes it possible to obtain world-class sunflower oil.

Accumulation of humic substances in an Oxisol fertilized with pig slurry for 15 years

ABSTRACT The growth of swine production in Brazil has increased the amount of production and use of pig slurry (PS) as soil fertilizer. This product provides nutrients to plants, and a continuous application of this residue usually increases total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The objective of this study was to determine the SOC content and its distribution into humic substance fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) in an Oxisol annually fertilized with PS for 15 years. The experiment was implemented in 2001 with a maize and oat crop rotation under no-tillage system in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil. The treatments used were: PS at rates of 0 (Control), 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 year-1, mineral fertilizer, and PS combined with mineral fertilizer, applied on the soil surface once a year. The 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers were evaluated for SOC content in the fractions humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, and E4/E6 ratio of humic substances. Increases in PS rates up to 100 m3 ha-1 increased the SOC content in the 5-10 cm soil layer; however, decreased the proportion of the soil fulvic acid and humic acid fractions, favoring the accumulation of organic carbon in the humin fraction. The E4/E6 ratio was higher when using the soil mineral fertilizer than that found in treatments with PS.

Ultrasound regulation of functional properties of Avena sativa L. while sprouting

There has been a significant increase in the oat (Avena sativa. L) consumption recently due to the new scientific data on dietary properties of oats, high content of polyphenols, especially Avenanthramides, and some flavonoids with an antioxidant effect. However, the thick layer of the cell wall in the hypoaleurone area and the uneven distribution of nutrients over the kernel determine the need to find effective technological solutions for their use in food production. The use of whole grain and its sprouting could be one of the possible solutions. Sprouting breaks difficult to digest grain complexes, thus making nutrients available for plant development and easier for human body intake. In the framework of this study, we propose to activate the process of grain sprouting by ultrasonic treatment of water used for preliminary grain soaking. The research results revealed that the proposed method accelerates accumulating of polyphenolic substances, phenolic acids and total antioxidant capacity. The mass fraction of polyphenolic substances in Avena sativa L. samples preliminarily aged in water treated with ultrasound (315W) for 2 minutes was 2.811 mg CAE/g, which is 4.64 times more than the mass fraction of the reference non-sprouted sample. Accumulation of phenolic acids at different treatment modes was intensified by 30.5% and more compared to the non-sprouted grain. Mathematical processing of the total antioxidant capacity (DPPH) results established a reasonable mode of ultrasonic water treatment used for grain soaking - 400 W for 2 minutes, the total antioxidant capacity will be 2.254 mg TEAC / g. Thus, the ultrasonic effect can be recommended as an intensifier in grain sprouting.

Development of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds using caustic soda, sodium silicate and microwave radiation

The article substantiates the improved technology of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds using caustic soda and sodium silicate. On the basis of the technological scheme, the norms of technological modes have been developed. In the pilot production conditions of Karshiyog-extraction JSC, we tested the developed technology of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds and ultrahigh-frequency radiation. The developed technology makes it possible to significantly reduce the color, acid, and peroxide numbers and the mass fraction of unsaponifiable substances in the resulting oil. This helps to increase the yield of bleached oil, reduce the consumption of bleaching clay and improve the quality and food safety of the resulting product. As a result, the yield of refined cottonseed oil, obtained from low-grade cotton seeds, increased by 1.1 times (90%) (compared to the traditional one (85.1)).

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТРИБОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СТАЛИ 18ХГТ ПОСЛЕ ЦЕМЕНТАЦИИ И УПРОЧНЯЮЩЕЙ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ

The work presents the results of the following researches: – samples of gears made of 18KhGT steel (determination of the thickness of the cemented layer, distribution of microhardness over the thickness of the cemented layer, measurement of the surface and core hardness, analysis of the microstructure of the cemented layer and core); – suspensions of grades VAP-2, VAP-4 and VFP-5 (determination of the conditional viscosity, mass fraction of nonvolatile substances, coating impact strength, coating elasticity in ben-ding, coating adhesion, hardness and density). There has been performed a comparative analysis of the tribological characteristics of solid lubricating coatings of the VAP-2, VAP-4 and VFP-5 grades on samples of steel 18KhGT after carburizing and hardening heat treatment.

Ecological problems related to the safe processing of dairy raw materials and whey

A significant number of milk processing companies all over the world confront the challenge of whey recycling. To date, the processing of milk results in a considerable amount of waste products, which can be used in core production processes, for the output of additional products and can help neutralize harmful effects of milk processing waste waters on the environment. This factor emphasizes the relationship between food and environment. The extraction of water from cheese and curd whey in the manufacture of concentrates gives a solution to one of the challenges facing the dairy industry – the processing of secondary dairy raw resources. Whey concentrates have certain advantages because they are long-shelf-life and easy-to-transport products of high nutritional and biological value. Several studies have assessed process flow factors of whey dehydrating in the manufacture of whey concentrates. The research was carried out using an experimental unit of a vacuum dryer with the thermal radiation power supply. The concentrates with a percentage of dry substances ranging from 11 to 30 % were produced. The important outcomes to emerge from the study are data on the dynamics of vacuum-induced water extraction from cheese and curd whey, its appropriate modes, as well as regularities and specifics of water removal. The quality of concentrates was assessed according to key parameters. The organoleptic properties of sample concentrates met all criteria quite sufficiently, being similar to input parameters. Whey concentrates with a mass fraction of dry substances from 11 to 30.0 % are recommended to use in recipe compositions of fresh and fermented whey-containing drinks. IR-rays represent a good alternative to conventional thickening and drying processes of raw materials at high processing temperatures. The properties of input raw materials remain unaffected owing to non-destructive temperature modes of the vacuum dryer.