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Abstract
The article substantiates the improved technology of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds using caustic soda and sodium silicate. On the basis of the technological scheme, the norms of technological modes have been developed. In the pilot production conditions of Karshiyog-extraction JSC, we tested the developed technology of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds and ultrahigh-frequency radiation. The developed technology makes it possible to significantly reduce the color, acid, and peroxide numbers and the mass fraction of unsaponifiable substances in the resulting oil. This helps to increase the yield of bleached oil, reduce the consumption of bleaching clay and improve the quality and food safety of the resulting product. As a result, the yield of refined cottonseed oil, obtained from low-grade cotton seeds, increased by 1.1 times (90%) (compared to the traditional one (85.1)).
Highlights
Alkaline refining of vegetable oils is considered a chemical process, where, along with the interaction of free fatty acids with alkali, complex soap stocks are formed, which contain soaps, phospholipids, gossypol, chlorophyll and their derivatives, triacylglycerides, free alkali, water, etc. [1]
We have developed an improved technology for two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds using caustic soda and sodium silicate
The developed technology of two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from lowgrade cotton seeds using caustic soda, sodium silicate, and microwave radiation is carried out as follows: raw cottonseed oil is fed through scales 1 to tank 2, from where it is pumped 3 through a heat exchanger 4 into a jet reactor-turbulizer 11
Summary
Alkaline refining of vegetable oils is considered a chemical process, where, along with the interaction of free fatty acids with alkali, complex soap stocks are formed, which contain soaps, phospholipids, gossypol, chlorophyll and their derivatives, triacylglycerides, free alkali, water, etc. [1]. Along with the use of chemical reagents to neutralize free fatty acids, it has recently been recommended to use physical methods of influencing such emulsions, which include ETE - electromagnetic treatment of an emulsion, microwave radiation (super highfrequency radiation), etc The role of the latter is manifested in the change in the dipole moment, polarity, and surface tension of electric car components of vegetable oils [3,4,5]. We recommended use a 50% aqueous solution of nitrilehylphosphonic acid in the process of watering a mixture of oil with alkali to discolor the resulting oil by binding it with gossypol, chlorophyll, and their derivatives [10] Taking this into account, we have developed an improved technology for two-stage alkaline refining of oils obtained from low-grade cotton seeds using caustic soda and sodium silicate
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