FR4 Substrate Material Research Articles

Performance Analysis of Circular Shape Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication System

In this paper proposes a broad band circular strip antenna based on numerical techniques. For the operating frequencies, a circular patch antenna is installed on FR-4 substrate material 4.2. The proposed antenna uses the finite element method to design an operating frequency from 2GHz to 10GHz. Substrate height is 1.6mm. The circular patch has a circumference of 8.82mm. The antenna displays good output below -16dB is the return loss value and the antenna gain is obtained in the range from 2.4dBi to 10.02dBi. The proposed circular patch antenna is designed and analysed the various parameters like VSWR, Gain, Return Loss, Directivity and Radiation pattern.

DGS based monopole circular-shaped patch antenna for UWB applications

A simple low profile defected ground structure based monopole circular-shaped patch antenna is proposing for ultrawide-band applications. The design allows for a simple and compact structure on the FR-4 substrate material. The proposed design initially has a meager antenna gain and bandwidth. To increase the antenna bandwidth and gain, the defective ground structure is implemented with four dumble-shaped slots. Parametric analysis is considered to find the radius of circular patch for tuning of UWB frequency applications. The proposed MCP antenna resonates at 2.9 GHz, 9.1 GHz frequencies with a S11 of − 34.84 dB, − 33.74 dB, respectively, and achieves 8.1 GHz (2.5–10.6 GHz) impedance bandwidth concerning the − 10 dB reference line of the reflection coefficient. The gains are 8.4 dBi, 8.2 dBi for the two resonant frequencies, and the radiation patterns are semi-omnidirectional, omnidirectional. The proposed antenna has-been validated by observing good agreement between the simulation and the measured results.

Left-handed compact multi-band circular metamaterial for S-, C- and Ku-band applications

The purpose of this study is to introduce multi-band circular metamaterial structure for S-, C- and Ku-band applications. This research study was carried out because of the discovery of new exotic characteristics using metamaterial. The proposed circular metamaterial is numerically simulated with utilizing widely available Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The metamaterial design consisted of four different circular rings on the FR-4 substrate material with a dimension of 8 × 8 mm 2 and 1.6 mm thick. 2 to 18 GHz frequency range was selected for this simulation. The proposed unit cell metamaterial design exhibits multi-band resonance frequencies at 3.38 (S-band), 6.28 (C-band), 12.76 and 16.92 GHz (Ku-band) respectively. The obtained resonance frequencies have tolerable magnitude values such as −19.53 dB, −22.56 dB, −22.32 dB and −19.79 dB respectively. Furthermore, the proposed circular metamaterial exhibits left-handed characteristics at all four resonance frequencies. For instance, from 3.42 to 3.80 GHz (at S-band), 6.43 to 7.27 GHz (C-band), and 13.28 to 13.69 GHz (at Ku-band), the metamaterial design structure manifests unique properties. Consequently, circular metamaterial with unique properties can practice in numerous application fields such as wireless headphone, wireless computer network, satellite communication, weather monitoring, etc.

Design of Dual-band low profile rectangular microstrip patch antenna using FR4 substrate material for wireless applications

Abstract In recent days, wireless technology getting more advanced to fulfil the user requirement. Based on this the design for achieving the requirement is still under researching to overcome the drawbacks in existing design. Many number of antenna design with lightweight, cost effective are proposed with various frequency ranges but still has some backlogs. In this paper, the new improved rectangular microstrip patch antenna design for wireless communication like WiMAX, WLAN etc. was proposed along with its improved design parameters like impedance matching, gain, voltage standing wave ratio, return loss. Then radiation pattern also simulated for both E-plane and H-plane by using the HFSS software. This proposed design utilizes the bandwidth effectively within the desired frequency range of (3.3–5.2) GHz to obtain the high efficiency.

Design of Miniaturized Printed Antenna for Medical Applications

This paper introduces the design, simulation, implementation of miniaturized printed minder line monopole antenna (PMLMA) in medical application. The proposed antenna operates in Industrial, Scientific, and Medical ISM band. Antenna has a compact size of (12.25× 7.81 × 0.8) mm3 with -10 return loss printed on FR4 substrate material with (4.3) dielectric constant and h (0.8) thickness . The proposed antenna is simulated and evaluated using CST microwave studio package. The propose antenna simulation result obtain that antenna operate on 915MHz frequency with less than -10dB return loss (-11.237)dB , gain is -18.23dB, band width 20.546MHz and total efficiency -20.64dB. Results of simulation and implementation show that the proposed antenna possesses an acceptable performances and miniaturized dimensions, enabling their use in medical applications.

Design and Analysis of EBG Antenna for Wi-Fi, LTE, and WLAN Applications

A non-planar electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structured antenna is proposed in this paper for wireless communication applications. The proposed design consists of coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed square patch antenna embedded with triangular EBG backing on FR-4 substrate material for 2.4 GHz (Wi-Fi, LTE) and 5.2 GHz (WLAN) applications. Gain is improved from 2.8 dB to 13.9 dB by adding EBG structure in the proposed antenna and the parametric analysis is done for optimizing the antenna performance characteristics. The proposed antenna provides a maximum efficiency of 82.5% in the resonating frequencies. The prototyped antenna is having good correlation with the simulation results obtained from Finite Element Method (FEM) based Anyss-HFSS. High Frequency Structure Simulator is used to analyze the antenna parameters and the simulated and measured results are correlating well with each other with a slight change in frequencies.

A t-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna based UHF sensor for partial discharge detection

Continuous partial discharge (PD) monitoring and early PD detection is important in making sure the necessary preventative measures can be taken accordingly. This paper proposed a T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna that is able to detect PD signal within the UHF range. The antenna was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna was then fabricated using FR4 substrate material and tested for reception test. The simulation results and the analysis from the fabricated antenna confirmed that the proposed antenna able to detect PD signal at UHF range (specifically at about 500 MHz) and fulfilled the design requirements in terms of the return loss, VSWR, bandwidth and gain. Reception test had confirmed that the proposed antenna was able to detect PD signals that are located at maximum distance, ranges from 37 cm to 70 cm (depending on the PD signal strength). The proposed antenna also had succesfully detected PD occurances at 300 MHz to 700 MHz. In conclusion, the proposed T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna had been successfully designed and able to detect PD signal emitted in the UHF range.

Wideband Compact Dual Frequency Dipole Microstrip Patch Antenna

A small size and very thinwideband dipole microstrip patch antenna for dual frequency operation is designed and analysed in this paper. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 40×30×1.6 mm3 .The proposed antenna is designed using a low cost and reliable FR4 substrate. This FR4 substrate material has a thickness of 1.6 mm, dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. The proposed antennaresonates at 2.19 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequencies with a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4.37 GHz, ranging from 1.8 GHz to 6.17 GHz.This shows the proposed antenna bandwidth is increased to 200%. The VSWR of the proposed antenna is less than 2 for entire operating frequency range. Radiation efficiency is above 70% at both of the resonance frequencies. A very low cross polarization is found at all resonance frequencies. CST Microwave Studio is used to design and analyse the proposed antenna.

Wideband low cost FR4 epoxy based antenna with H‐shaped slot for V‐band applications

This article proposes a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna fed by microstrip transmission to operate in V-band and fifth generation (5G) (60/70 GHz band) applications. The proposed millimeter wave (mm-wave) antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 25.68 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 41%) between 49.77 and 75.45 GHz frequency and has a maximum realized gain of 3.75 dBi. Compared with other studies, the reported antenna has a size reduction of up to 73% with its 8 × 9.7 mm2 (1.33λ×1.61λ) dimension. The designed SIW patch is also fed by grounded coplanar waveguide transmission and its results are compared with the one fed by microstrip transmission line. Another important feature of the proposed antenna is that it has a low production cost, since it is printed on a cheap FR4 substrate material. Therefore, the proposed antenna has the potential to meet all the necessary requirements to be used for V-band portable devices and applications. A 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output antenna based on the proposed antenna structure is also analyzed with respect to isolation, diversity gain and envelope correlation coefficient and acceptable results are obtained.

A Wideband Pentagonal Patch Antenna with Rectangular Slots for Wireless Applications

In this research paper, a pentagonal patch antenna has been designed on the 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 66 x 55 mm2. To achieve the wideband characteristics, the rectangular slots are introduced along the 4 sides of the pentagon and the partial ground plane is used of size 20 x 55 mm2. The antenna is designed and simulated in the CADFEKO software using a line feed technique. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.875 GHz with 3 resonant frequencies 1.7 GHz, 2.74 GHz & 3.259 GHz. The maximum gain for the proposed antenna is 8 dBi, reflection coefficient less than -10 dB and VSWR values are in the standard range. The proposed antenna design can be used for Digital Communication System (DCS 1800), Personal Communication System (PCS 1900), Wireless Broadband (WiBro 2300), Long Term Evolution (LTE 2300, LTE 2500), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN IEEE 802.1 b/g), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM 2.4) applications.

3061 Retrieval Number: D1608029420/2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.D1608.029420 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Design of Meta Material Inspired Series and Corporate Feed Network Antenna

The present techniques are in the form of open literature used to work on selected frequency that has eight and sixteen rectangular patches. The size of it has become compact. Each approach offers different advantages, depending on the required applications. An array antenna is designed and analyzed using series and corporate feed network The FR4 substrate material which is of low cost and easily available in market is used to design the array antenna. An analysis is carried out for both series and corporate feed array antenna in terms of return loss, peak gain, VSWR, directivity, and bandwidth. The antenna’s size is reduced to a very compact size using optimization techniques without degrading the performance characteristics. The design is implemented to work for the multiband applications rather than a single application. Simulation is carried out in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software tool. The design proposed is analyzed based on the performance and then it is fabricated.

Design And Analysis Of Half Circular Ring Antenna With Dumbell Shaped Defected Ground Structure

A miniaturized multi frequency antenna is proposed. A compact micro strip patch antenna is designed to operate at dual band and it is modified as half circle strip loaded micro strip patch antenna with defected ground structure. The proposed antenna consisting of the combination of circular radiating element and half circle strip on the top side of the FR4 substrate material with dielectric constant 4.4. The bottom side a dumbbell shaped defected ground structure is incorporated to enhance the bandwidth.

Miniature microstrip antenna for IoT application

Wireless technology is greatly influenced by the advanced technological development of the antenna. With the rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) application in the modern communication system, the demand for micro antennas is increasing. Microstrip patch antennas are generally used in IoT applications due to itscompatibility. The key benefit of the microstrip antenna is that it allows easy integration into IoT devices. Thus, in this work, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed and the performance was analysed. In this work,the antenna resonant frequency range was 100 MHz and 5.8 GHz, which is appropriate for IoT application was used. The antenna was designed with FR-4 substrate material. For this work, CST software (version 2014) was used as simulation software. In this work, two types of antenna were designed, which was conventional microstrip antenna and optimized microstrip antenna containing U-shaped structure. The performance of these two antennas was compared in terms of bandwidth, gain and return of loss. The key results of this work showed that the optimized U-shaped antenna improved the bandwidth from 134.1 MHz to 167.6 MHz, gain from 1.83 dB to 2.54 dB and return of loss-20.32 dB to −26.56 dB compared to the conventional antenna. In addition, the optimized antenna achieved operating frequency of 5.755 GHz, which is suitable for IoT applications.

A Novel Dual-Band 28/38 GHz AFSL MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphone Applications

This manuscript introduces the design and analysis of dual-band air-filled-slotted- loop MIMO antenna which operates at 28 and 38 GHz frequencies for coming fifth-generation 5G for mobile communications. The antenna designed using low-cost FR-4 substrate material that achieving good performance of means of gain and efficiency. The dual-band operation acquired by presenting an air-filled-slotted loop AFSL structures in the radiators. The antenna model contains radiating patch at the upper edge with three AFSLs for 28 GHz and radiating patch at the lower edge with three AFSLs for 38 GHz. The attained results demonstrate that the reflection coefficients for the upper and lower antennas below -10 dB in the frequency bands (27.7 - 28.7) GHz and (37.3 - 38.6) GHz with impedance bandwidths 3.5% for 28 GHz and 7% for 38 GHz which has the quality of covering the 5G band. The introduced antenna is designed and simulated by industry-standard CST 2017 MWS and HFSS programs with substrate size of 55 x 110 mm2 with h = 1.6 mm and εr =4.3.

Efficiency in Bandwidth by using Meander Line Antennas Simulation

In communication technology antennas plays a major role and now a days it has tremendous demand we do have different types of antennas for efficient transmissions discuss about a monopole antenna which is printed of meander line that is used for very low frequency operations of about 900 MHz With partially defected ground plane is backed with E-shaped meander line antennas of double structure is obtained by numerous slots evaluation which is the novelty of this design. By using this monopole antennas fabrication we can reduce the size of antenna and can have less operating frequency which is drastically reduced by these slots and meander lines. By this proposed design we can achieve 70% of reduction in size of antenna as conventional antennas compared. The size is of 42.2mm× 70 mm or 0.12λ0 × 0.2λ0 is obtained to antenna which is very reduced by this model. For having simulation performance valid we use FR4 substrate material for fabrication of antenna and is low cost. After simulation we can observe that the radiation pattern for this antenna is omni-directional measured with bandwidth impedance of 40 MHz with the -1dB gain which is maximum. We use CST Tool for simulation and fabrication technology is as simple even with this FR4 material.

Triple band notch compact MIMO antenna with defected ground structure and split ring resonator for wideband applications

A triple band notch multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed and proposed with complementary-split-ring-resonators (CSRR) on upper side and defected ground structure on bottom portion of the FR4 substrate material. A square shaped radiating element with cone shaped microstrip line feeding is used in the current design to achieve 50-ohm impedance. A compact dimension of 36 × 22 × 1.6 mm is used to fit this model for portable communication devices. Split ring resonators are placed adjacent to the feed line to improve the gain and defected ground with stubs is placed to enhance the bandwidth characteristics. Proposed antenna has bandwidth ranging from 2 to18 GHz with notching at 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), 11–12 GHz (Satellite Broadcasting) and 12.5–14.5 GHz (Aeronautical Radio Navigation). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.005 and mutual coupling is less than 15dB achieved. The prototyped antenna is providing peak realized gain of 5dB and maximum efficiency of 75% in the operating band. The results strongly support the applicability of current antenna model with band notching in wideband communications.

Design and analysis of modified-split-H-shaped DNG metamaterial for microwave application

This paper presents a modified- split H-shaped structure of a double negative metamaterial unit cell designed for a Rogers RO 3010 substrate material. The proposed structure reveals transmission resonance inside the C-band of microwave spectra and indicates a double negative (DNG) property at that resonant frequency for z-axis wave propagation. The finite integration technique based simulation tool was used to acquire unit cell parameters. Equivalent circuit model has been provided for the metamaterial. The simulated result agrees well with the calculated one. In addition, an analysis has been done with the same design by replacing the substrate material with popular FR-4 and then it behaves as a zero index metamaterial (ZIM) at the same frequency band. Further analysis has been performed for the x-axis propagation through the structure. NRI (Negative Refractive Index) and MNG (Mue-Negative) properties are found for Rogers RO 3010 and FR-4 substrate material in a row.

A Compact Planar Wideband Monopole Antenna with dipole like radiation characteristics for Wireless Applications

A planar wideband dipole antenna for wireless application is presented. The antenna consists of a basic dipole like structure with a compact size of 22 × 12.5 mm2. The proposed configuration has a fractional bandwidth of 24% (4.4-5.64 GHz) in simulation and 29% (4.4-5.9 GHz) in measurement and centred at a frequency of 4.9 GHz (WLAN). The antenna analysis is carried out using HFSS v.13.0 on FR4 substrate material with thickness of 1.4 mm, δ(loss tangent) of 0.02 and dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4.The antenna has the advantage of simple configuration, high gain, stable dipole like radiation performances, wide bandwidth and is intended to be used for diverse wireless applications in the range of 4.4-5.9 GHz.

A Octa- Rectangular Slot Array based Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications

In this paper, a octa rectangular-slot array based patch antenna for multiband applications has been proposed. The operating frequency range of proposed antenna is 11-21.817 GHz in the X, Ku and K bands. This antenna designed with octa rectangular shaped slots on rectangular patch antenna. The FR4 (Flame Retardant)substrate material is used in this antenna, which has relative permittivity 3.66, relative permeability 1, loss tangent 0.0018 and thickness of 2mm.The design has been stimulated by using HFSS software. The performance of the antenna is analysed with the help of characteristics of return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, gain and directivity at each band. It gives resonance frequencies at 11.1GHz, 14.3GHz, 16.1GHz, 17.5GHz, 19.3 GHz and 20.3GHz.

Design and Performance Research of Slotted-Π Microstrip Patch Antenna for LTE Applications

This paper propose the design of microstrip antenna which is used in cellular communication application especially at LTE network. The antenna was printed using FR-4 substrate material with dielectric constant of εr =4.4 and thickness of h = 1.6 mm. The overall dimension of the antenna is 135mm x 32 mm x 1.6 mm with 50 Ω impedance. This antenna operates between 400 MHz to 900 MHz for return loss of less than -10 dB. The simulation results suggest that the antenna gain is 4.725 dB with omni-directional radiation pattern. The antenna is designed to operate in the 2800 MHz, 4100-6200 MHz, and 8.85 GHz 10.00GHz, frequency bands. The characterization of the antenna in free-space as well as in the proximity of the user hand is presented. The results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed diversity antenna.