Fourth Grade Research Articles

Efforts to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on the Diversity of Living Creatures in My Environment With a Problem Based Learning Model for Class IV State Primary School 020273 Binjai Utara

This research aims to improve learning outcomes for Natural Sciences (Science) in class IV of SD Negeri 020273 North Binjai. The low student learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (Science) subjects led to this research being carried out. In the classroom, this research uses problem-based learning (PBL) strategies. The research subjects were fifteen fourth grade students at SD Negeri 020273 North Binjai. The purpose of this research is to provide the results of my use of image media and Problem Based Learning (PBL) methodology to study the diversity of animals that inhabit my area. After giving students a five-question comprehension test, researchers gathered information about their learning goals. Based on the research results, an average of 47% of students in cycle I and 80% of students in cycle II met the KKM. To improve the learning outcomes of class IV Natural Sciences (IPA) students which include the diversity of living creatures around me, this learning completeness value was created. Improving student learning outcomes is the goal of initiatives that apply the problem-based learning (PBL) paradigm. Because scientific research is taught through lectures, researchers often choose this approach.

An exploration of gendered differences in cognitive, motivational and emotional aspects of game‐based math learning

AbstractBackgroundDigital game‐based learning (DGBL) has the potential to provide a gender inclusive learning environment for children.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore gendered differences among primary school learners in grades three, four, and five within the context of game‐based fraction learning from cognitive, motivational and emotional perspectives.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐nine participants completed a pre‐test and post‐test on fraction conceptual knowledge and surveys in math anxiety, intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy. In addition, facial expression detection technology was employed to evaluate emotional states.ResultsIn general, within the DGBL environment, boys and girls exhibited similar performance in both their understanding of fraction concepts and their motivational aspects. However, gender differences were identified and manifested uniquely across different grade levels. Specifically, third‐grade girls exhibited significantly lower self‐efficacy than boys, but after DGBL intervention, the gender gap in self‐efficacy was no longer significant. Additionally, third‐grade girls achieved significant improvements in both the competence and interest dimensions of their intrinsic motivation, while boys did not show significant improvements. In the fourth grade, girls exhibited a significantly higher frequency of angry expressions compared to boys during gameplay. Fifth‐grade girls' cognitive performance appeared to be less correlated with motivational factors compared to boys.ConclusionsThe results suggest that DGBL may help narrow the gender difference in math learning, with girls potentially benefiting more from DGBL than boys.

A Longitudinal Look at Student Attitude, Perceived Competence, and Fitness Test Performance of Elementary Students

The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between students’ attitudes toward physical education (PE), their perceived competence toward PE, and their fitness test performance, as well as how these relationships change over time. Measurements were conducted with validated instruments across five time points during two school years with fourth and fifth grade students across ten schools (n = 636, 48% = female). This study was developed to address a need for examining how attitudes and perceived competence change over time. Descriptive statistics and latent growth models were run with the variables of interest to investigate four research questions. We found that greater fitness scores are associated with greater competence scores at all time points and that fitness testing may have an impactful, yet brief impact on overall attitudes toward PE. Results showed that fitness test scores predicted higher levels of perceived competence but not higher positive attitudes. Greater attitude levels were predictive of higher competence. Results suggested that previous fitness test experiences shaped future attitudes over time as opposed to “in the moment” attitude scores, a finding not identified in previous research. This study used multiple data points to study PE attitudes and competence, two pillars of behavioral intention. Attitudes can shift and how previous PE content, like fitness testing, can predict future attitudes in PE. The actual relationship between competence and attitude over time is also identified. The results also point to attitude as more of a developed attribute as compared to one that changes only from one event.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TORSO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD YPK ELIM MALANU KOTA SORONG

This research aims to find out and describe whether there is an influence of Torso Media on improving the learning achievement of science subjects at fourth grade students, at SD YPK Elim Malanu, Sorong City. In this study, researchers used a multiple choice test which was given twice (pretest and posttest) to 32 students as the research sample. The method used is a quantitative method, with data analysis techniques using the paired sample t test. The results of the research show that there is an influence of Torso Media on improving the learning outcomes of science subjects at fourth grade students. It was seen from 13,806>2.0422, or tcount > ttable, so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The conclusion is the using of Torso media has a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes in science subjects and based on the sig value, namely 0.00 < 0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It means that there is an average difference between the pre-test and post-test, and there is an influence from learning using Torso Media on Learning outcomes of fourth grade students at YPK Elim Malanu Elementary School, Sorong City.

Examining the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Turkish Preservice English as a Foreign Language Teachers

The current quantitative research uses the survey technique to examine English as a foreign language (EFL) preservice teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) proficiency levels. Participants were 129 preservice EFL teachers from a Turkish state university. There is evidence that English Language Teaching student teachers believe they possess technological knowledge most among the other knowledge domains, and third-grade EFL student teachers seem to have a higher level of proficiency in TPACK than fourth graders, and female EFL student teachers appear to be more proficient in TPACK than male student teachers. Some recommendations followed the research findings.

Psychometric Properties of the Draw a Story (DAS) Test in Depressed and Normal Children

Objective: understanding the problems of depressed children is important, as they may express their issues through painting and storytelling, which can provide insight into their excitability and self-image. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Draw a Story test in children with depression and normal ones.Material and methods. The participants of this study included 60 fourth and fifth grade students in Yazd province, who were divided into two groups; depressed and normal. Then, each group was evaluated by drawing a story test (DAS).Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the depressed and normal groups in terms of self-image and emotion content, as determined by a two-way analysis of variance. The normal group significantly demonstrated a stronger self-image and emotional state than the depressed group. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of self-image. However, there was a significant difference in their emotional expression, with girls being more adept at expressing their emotions compared to boys. Convergent validity of the DAS was established by correlating it with the DSRS test for self-image and emotion, resulting in correlations of -0.67 and -0.74, respectively. The reliability of the DAS test was assessed using the test-retest method for self-image and emotion, yielding coefficients of 0.82, 0.90, respectively. Additionally, the raters' agreement coefficient was calculated for self-image and emotion, and was 0.68 and 0.82, respectively.Conclusions. The results of this study revealed the reliability and validity of the test (DAS) in the group of depressed and normal children. This test can be used to diagnose children with depression.

TURKISH PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Measuring students’ interest and involvement in classroom activities at all stages of education, from pre-school to upper secondary school, provides a better understanding of learning processes that enable the acquisition of abilities specific to a certain field. The purpose of this cross-age study was to investigate primary school students’ involvement level in classroom activities. The sample consisted of 560 students studying in the first, second, third, and fourth grades at primary schools affiliated with a city in Turkey’s inner Aegean area. The data were collected through “The Demographic Information Form” and “Leuven Involvement Scale”. The research revealed that students in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades in primary school had a moderate involvement level. It was found that there was a significant difference between the involvement levels of primary school students and the gender, course type, and professional experience of the teacher, but there was no significant difference between the grade levels of the students. It was recommended to use current methods and strategies to increase the level of involvement of students in classroom activities and to make arrangements to improve involvement in the learning environment. Keywords: behavioral engagement, cross-age study, level of involvement, primary school, primary student

تأثير تطبيق إستراتيجية مطابقة بطاقة الفهرس (Index Card Match) لترقية استيعاب المفردات العربية لدى طلاب الفصل الرابع في المدرسة الابتدائية الإسلامية المتكاملة بيت الرحيم باريك بوتويه".

The problem in this research is that some students feel bored when learning Arabic. Apart from that, students also find it difficult to understand and memorize Arabic vocabulary. And also the learning strategies that teachers use are less attractive for elementary school students. The aim of this research is to explain the application of the index card match strategy in improving understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih. The type of research that researchers used in this research is quantitative research. The samples from this research were fourth grade Ar-Rahman as the experimental class and fourth grade Al-Insyirah as the control class. Sampling was carried out using Probability Sampling. The research instrument uses observation and tests. In analyzing the data the researcher used the T test. After the data was analyzed in SPSS, the results obtained were a sig 2-tailed of 0.045 and the value was smaller than 0.05, because the sig 2-tailed of 0.045 was smaller than 0.05, then Ha was accepted. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the influence of the index card match strategy was obtained in improving the understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih.

Effects of green and urban environment exposure during classroom breaks in a video-based setting

AbstractNatural environments are beneficial for cognitive functioning and affect. Appraisals of such benefits can lead to the development of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors in the long run. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an indirect exposure to a natural and urban environment during a short break in a school day, using a ‘green’ video depicting a walk through a lush forest and comparing it to an urban video portraying a walk through a busy city. We involved 91 fourth and fifth graders in a within-participants design. Results show that students decreased their performance in an arithmetic calculation task after watching the urban video, while no significant differences were observed before and after the exposure to the green environment. Students also reported experiencing more negative affect in relation to the exposure to the urban than the natural environment. Moreover, the students perceived the natural environment as more restorative than the urban environment. Taken together, our findings suggest that exposure to urban environments, in contrast to natural environments, may have negative effects on cognitive and affective functioning during school breaks. Educational implications suggest that when it is not possible to stay in a natural environment around the school, or there is no access to nature due to distance, videos of natural environments can be used during short breaks. They have potential to cognitively and affectively benefit students’ who may often be exposed to environmental stressors.

Affinity for solitude in Chinese children and adolescents: Relations with social, school, and psychological adjustment.

This study examined relations of affinity for solitude with social-behavioral, academic, and psychological adjustment in Chinese children and adolescents. The participants included 3,417 students (1,714 boys) in fourth, sixth, and eighth grades (Mages = 10, 12, and 14 years, respectively) in China. Data on affinity for solitude were collected from students' self-reports and data on adjustment were collected from multiple sources. The results showed that whereas affinity for solitude was negatively associated with social competence and academic achievement and positively associated with behavioral problems in Grade 4, the associations were weaker or nonsignificant in Grade 6. Moreover, affinity for solitude was positively associated with academic achievement and negatively associated with behavioral problems in Grade 8. Affinity for solitude was negatively associated with psychological adjustment in general, but the associations were weaker in higher grades. The results indicate that the functional meaning of affinity for solitude may differ across developmental periods. Parents, teachers, and professionals should be aware of the different implications of affinity for solitude in childhood and adolescence and use different strategies to support children and adolescents who display affinity for solitude. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

An exploratory study on the readability of authentic English chapter books for Croatian primary school students

The paper explores chapter books, explaining their nature and providing information on their usefulness and possible uses in the context of teaching English as a foreign language. It outlines their properties, layout and subject matter. The goal of the exploratory study was to investigate whether young Croatian pupils could read English chapter books written for native speakers and whether illustrations helped them to comprehend the narrative. Furthermore, it aimed to examine pupils’ response to the format of chapter books. The study about the suitability of chapter books was conducted among pupils in the third, fourth and fifth grade in two Croatian schools, and its results show that young learners of English as a foreign language can grasp the essence of a story and can reflect on what they read, identify points of difficulty and the strategies applied. The findings suggest that carefully chosen chapter books can be valuable authentic materials in aiding language acquisition, fostering discussions, and engaging higher-order thinking skills in young EFL learners in Croatia.

Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationship between the project-based learning model and student learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects. The experiment was conducted on fourth grade students of SDN Baru 03 Pagi East Jakarta. Quantitative and quasi experimental methodologies were used as research methods. In addition, the sampling method is purposive sampling technique. Samples were taken from the control and experimental groups. 40 multiple choice questions were given for validity testing, with 30 questions considered valid and 10 questions considered failed. This study obtained the results in the IPAS lesson Ha accepted Ho rejected means that the project-based learning model has a significant effect on students of SDN Baru 03 Pagi East Jakarta is considered capable of improving student learning outcomes resulting in differences in the average post-test class of 75.2 in the experimental class and 89.8 in the control class.

간호대학생의 진로선택유형에 따른 문제해결능력과 임상수행능력 차이 분석

Objectives This study examined nursing students' Patterns of Career Choice and investigated the difference of problem solving ability and clinical performance ability according to the patterns.
 Methods The subjects of this study were 195 nursing students in third and fourth grades located in J province, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. To analyse the data, Cronbach's α, t-test, ANOVA, χ2-test, Scheffé test were used with an SPSS 20.0 program.
 Results The patterns of career choice of subjects showed ‘stable pattern'(34.9%), ‘conventional pattern'(30.3%), ‘unstable pattern'(25.1%) and ‘multiple trial pattern'(9.7%). Mean score of subjects was 3.31 problem solving abil-ity score and 3.57 clinical performance ability score. Problem solving ability and clinical performance ability showed a significant difference in patterns of career choice. Problem solving ability showed a significant difference in ap-plication motivation and satisfaction with nursing as a major. Clinical performance ability showed a significant dif-ference in gender and satisfaction with nursing as a major.
 Conclusions As a result of this study, those with stable career choices and high major satisfaction also showed better problem-solving and clinical skills. This highlights the importance of strengthening the high school-uni-versity link for early career exploration based on students' interests and providing tailored educational programs to enhance satisfaction with major among nursing students.

Prevalence of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in elementary school baseball players based on ultrasonographic screening: a 15-year overview in Tokushima, Japan

BackgroundAlthough several operative procedures have evolved for capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), the best outcome is achieved by early detection and conservative treatment. The objective of this study was to clarify changes in the prevalence of capitellar OCD in young baseball players over a long-term period based on consistent criteria in Tokushima, Japan between 2006 and 2020. MethodsThe number of players who underwent screening and the discovery rate of capitellar OCD during the study period were investigated. School grade and radiographic stage were also evaluated. ResultsThe confirmation rate was significantly higher when ultrasonographic screening was performed than when screening was based on physical findings (65.8% vs. 1.9%, p<0.001). The overall incidence of OCD in elementary school players based on ultrasonographic screening was 1.4% during the 10-year study period. Twenty-one (10.8%) of the 195 players identified to have OCD had experienced lateral elbow pain. When classified radiographically, the lesion was stage I in 73.3% of cases, stage II in 24.1%, and stage III in 2.6%. No cases of OCD were diagnosed before the fourth grade. The prevalence rates increased gradually from the fourth grade to the sixth grade. ConclusionUltrasonographic screening could be more effective for detecting capitellar OCD than screening based on physical findings. The overall prevalence of OCD among elementary school players was 1.4% over 10 years. The prevalence rates increased gradually from the fourth grade onwards.

Still worried? Parental control and academic competence as antecedents of middle school students' post-transition worries.

This study examined whether parental psychological control reported by children before the transition to middle school, in the second semester of the fourth grade, is associated with children's worries after the transition to middle school, in the first semester of the fifth grade. We also evaluated the mediating role of children's post-transition perceived academic competence and the moderating role of physical transition (changing schools) on these relations. 370 Romanian early adolescents participated at both time points, with 30% of them having changed schools. Path analysis showed that the relation between children's perceptions of dependency-oriented psychological control and post-transition worries was mediated by academic competence and moderated by physical transition. Educational and counseling implications are discussed.

Analisis aktivitas pembelajaran SBdP muatan seni musik pada kurikulum merdeka ditinjau dari perspektif pendidikan seni holistik kelas IV sekolah dasar

&lt;p&gt;This research is intended to describe and analyze the learning activities of SBdP (Seni Budaya dan Prakarya) music content in the fourth grade of the Merdeka curriculum from the perspective of holistic art education. Holistic art education encompasses three aspects: (1) mind, (2) body, and (3) spirit. This is a qualitative case study. The approach involves an intensive, detailed, and in-depth examination of the research subject to gather comprehensive information about the topic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The subjects in this study include learning activities, educators, and fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Setono. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, document analysis, and documentation. Data validity is tested using source triangulation and techniques. Data collected are analyzed using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman with a conceptual framework based on aspects in holistic art education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of the research are as follows. First, the SBdP music curriculum has developed the three realms in line with holistic art education. The dominant aspect developed is in the realm of Mind (mind), while the realm of Body (physical skills) and Spirit (emotional experience) are still not well-developed. This is due to the fact that developing the body aspect requires musical equipment, while the school's musical instruments and facilities are inadequate, leading to a focus on singing instruction only. The development of the spirit aspect is also lacking due to the absence of intensive activities for appreciating musical works. Second, the learning examined in this research remains predominantly informative and does not provide experiential learning that involves emotional engagement and the development of students' faculties. This is a consequence of the school's limited resources and the capabilities of the educators.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: education, music, holistic art, elementary school.&lt;/p&gt;

Violent behavior in primary education: Evolution from 9 to 12 years old as a function of gender

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to establish the frequency of violent behaviors present in primary education (PE), to determine differences based on students' grade and gender, and to assess the evolution of behaviors between the fourth and sixth grades of PE. The research design was a cohort longitudinal ex post facto study with three measures. Data was collected at three different moments across fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of PE. The sample was composed of all the students of three public centers located in three localities of Autonomous Community of Navarra (Northern Spain). The centers had to present similar characteristics to each other and to the population of Navarra. The first three centers contacted agreed to participate. The sample was composed of 236 students (110 girls) in PE. Students completed the instrument School Violence Questionnaire‐Revised. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed. A gradual increase in the perception of different violent behaviors with differences between boys and girls was found. In fourth grade, there was hardly any perception of information and communication technology‐related violence; it then increased until sixth grade. Boys perceived more violence from teachers toward students and among peers. Girls perceived more violent behavior between fourth and fifth grade. Preventive interventions targeting digital violence should be developed at this stage. Considering the differences found according to gender and age, it is highlighted the need to train the educative community in different areas, such as emotional competencies, school coexistence, and the detection and prevention of violent behavior.

Interactive Game Learning Media Based on Canva on Five Sensory Materials for Grade IV Elementary School

Problems in the IPAS learning is students easily get bored with media that is monotonous and lacking in variety, resulting in a lack of student interest in paying attention to the material being presented by the teacher. So, teachers must create more interesting methods in the learning process so that students are more motivated in improving learning outcomes. This study aims to develop interactive game learning media on the five sensory materials for 4th grade of elementary school. This research is included in development research using the Borg and Gall model which only has up to 8 stages, because it is adjusted to the needs and time of the research. The subjects of this study consisted of fourth grade students and fourth grade teachers, a team of expert validators and researchers. Data collection methods are by observation, tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Data analysis techniques use initial data analysis, product analysis, and final data analysis. The research results obtained were the media expert validation test of 85% (feasible), the material expert validation test of 83.5% (feasible), and the results of the effectiveness test showed that in the before and after values there was an increase in the average knowledge value. So, Canva-based interactive learning media has good qualifications, is feasible and effective for use in carrying out the learning process.

Feedback-Memory: An approach to promoting the social acceptance of students rarely receiving positive teacher feedback

AbstractIn line with social referencing theory, recent studies have revealed that teacher feedback might be an important factor influencing how students are socially accepted by their peers. This study investigates the effects of an intervention aiming to enhance the social acceptance of students rarely receiving positive teacher feedback – the Feedback-Memory approach. Feedback-Memory was designed as a multi-component intervention with 4 elements: 1) Identifying students rarely receiving positive teacher feedback (target students), 2) giving positive teacher feedback to students (especially to the target students) at the end of every lesson, 3) asking classmates to remember positive teacher feedback at the end of the school day, and 4) rewarding students for remembering the teacher feedback content. Two main research questions are investigated within our study: 1) Does playing Feedback-Memory increase the frequency of classmates-perceived positive teacher feedback towards students rarely receiving positive teacher feedback? 2) Does playing Feedback-Memory increase the social acceptance of students rarely receiving positive teacher feedback? Twenty-five classes (fourth grade) and 531 students participated in this study in German elementary schools. Classes were randomly assigned to 10 intervention classes and 15 control classes. In every intervention and control class, the 5 students least likely to be receiving positive teacher feedback were identified. Results of multilevel analysis reveal that the Feedback-Memory intervention significantly enhanced the classmates-perceived positive teacher feedback and the social acceptance of the target students compared to students in the control group and their classmates.

Teaching happiness to students - implementation and evaluation of a program aiming at promoting wellbeing in elementary schools.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents has increased significantly. Evidence shows that childhood mental disorders can have serious consequences on psychosocial, cognitive, and physical development. Approaches from Positive Education go further than the urgently needed prevention of mental disorders by aiming directly at promoting subjective, psychological, and social wellbeing. The present study describes the implementation of a brief program to promote wellbeing in 15 elementary schools. For this purpose, in a regular university seminar, students of teaching and educational science were instructed to give 11 "happiness lessons" for fourth graders in a team of two and in the presence of the class teacher over the course of 3 months. Quantitative data were collected from children and parents in the treatment group classes and in the parallel classes serving as the waiting control group at four measurement points (pre, post, 1- and 2-month follow-up). We assessed psychological wellbeing, negative emotions and moods, parent support and home life, perception of the school environment, and self-esteem of the children with established instruments with versions for children and their parents and the frequency of positive and negative emotions of the children in self-report only. Additionally, we applied ad hoc items on subjective perception of the project and open questions in the treatment group. Data were analyzed with EffectLiteR using multigroup structural equation models. Results showed a small significant effect for negative emotions with the children's data and a medium effect for psychological wellbeing in the perception of the parents at the 1-month follow-up. Interaction effects suggest that lower baseline levels in parent support and home life and self-esteem would increase the treatment effect for these constructs. The need for more grounded framework in positive education and the inclusion of more qualitative methods as well as suggestions to improve the program in the sense of a whole school approach are discussed.