Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer Research Articles

Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Capabilities of Purified Allium sativum Extract to Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacteria

There is much concern on spread of pathogenic enteric bacteria and there resistance to commercially available antibiotics. There is a need for development of a new reliable drug for the treatment of diseases caused by these bacteria. This study determines the antimicrobial capabilities of purified Allim sativum extract to multidrug resistant enteric bacteria. In-vitro antibacterial properties of the extract was carried out using agar well diffusion technique against antibiotics resistant enteric bacteria. The results revealed that Seven fractions of partially purified water extract of Allium sativum (fraction 5-11) had significant zone of inhibition to the test enteric bacteria. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra revealed the presence of 24 functional groups in functional groups in water extract of A. sativum. Also, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry revealed the presence of different compounds in water extract of Allium sativum.

Dual-function ZIF-8 membrane supported on alumina hollow fiber membrane for copper(II) removal

The as-spun alumina hollow fiber membrane was used as membrane support for the development of ZIF-8 membrane. The ZIF-8 layers were successfully grown on the support by using the in-situ solvothermal method and layer-by-layer method. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the membranes were characterized using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). The adsorption study revealed that the removal of copper(II) ion was pH-dependent. The adsorption capacity for copper(II) adsorption is 76.5 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism of copper(II) onto the ZIF-8 membrane was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. The filtration study showed that the membranes could remove up to 90% of copper(II) ions from the aqueous solution.

The utilization of activated carbon from Jamblang tree bark to adsorb lead heavy metal ion

This study aims to determine the characterization of activated carbon from Jamblang tree bark, the adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency and the type of adsorption isotherm. The type of adsorbents used in this study are those without activation, with physical, chemical, and physical chemical activation. The preparation of adsorbent is initiated with carbonization of Jamblang tree bark at 400 °C for 3 hours, then physically activated by heating at 600 °C for 6 hours, chemically with 0.3 M HCl solution, and heating following with immersion with HCl solution. The adsorption process is performed atseveral adsorption time of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and initial adsorbate concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm. The performance of prepared activated carbonsis tested on the adsorption of Pb metal ions. Several characterizations are carried out such as using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphology of activated carbon, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) determines functional groups, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) determines composition and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) determines the surface area and pore size. The results show that the best adsorption capacity and efficiency are obtained at adsorption process usiang chemical-physically activated adsorbent with an optimum time of 120 minutes and an initial adsorbate concentration of 125 ppm. The achieved adsorption capacity and efficiency capacity are 57.28 mg/gr and 60.45%, respectively. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model.

Characterization and utilization of coconut coir and bentonite-based adsorbents for removal of lead metal ion from hazardous liquid waste

Adsorbent is one of the most commonly used materials because of its high adsorption effectiveness. However, adsorption with one type of adsorbent causes a lower adsorption efficiency. This study aims to determine the characterization of adsorbents from coconut coir and bentonite-based adsorbents and the combined adsorbent from coconut coir charcoal and bentonite and to examine the adsorption capacity of lead metal ion on these adsorbents. The types of adsorbents used in this study were coconut coir charcoal without activation, coconut coir charcoal with activation, pure bentonite, bentonite with activation, and combination of activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30. The research was initiated with pyrolysis of coconut coir at temperature of 400°C, then activated chemically with 0.3 M HCl solution. The resulting adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphological structure, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) to determine the functional groups, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystalline structure. Then the adsorption of lead metal ions was carried out by using these adsorbents. The results showed that the best adsorption efficiency is by adsorbent combination of activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30. The adsorption efficiency of lead metal ions using activated coir adsorbents: activated bentonite (70:30) is 35.0%. The activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30 has the largest adsorption capacity of lead metal ions which is 182.71 mg/gr.

Magnetic Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Using Recycled-graphite for GO-Fe3O4-dithizone Composite Combined with FAAS for Determination of Lead in Environmental Samples.

Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MdSPE) was developed to determine the concentration of lead (Pb) in real water samples, while graphene oxide-magnetite-dithizone (GO-Fe3O4-DTZ) from the used graphite tubes (recycled graphite) of electrothermal technique was simply employed as a new sorbent to improve extraction efficiency, separated by external magnetic field and analyzed with FAAS. The synthesized sorbent was evaluated for its surface property, functional group and surface morphology by Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The relevant measurement parameters, such as pH, extraction time, type and concentration of eluent, sample volume and reusability, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, preconcentration factor was 13.33. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) obtained were 0.070 and 0.23 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 3.41%. Recovery values were 90.1 - 123%. In addition, the robustness of the method was affirmed in terms of tolerance limit obtained from interference studies.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THYMOQUINONE NANOPARTICLES PEGYLATED AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: Thymoquinone is a main component of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) with various pharmacological activities, but has poor stability and bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to carry out the preparation and characterization of timoquinone nanoparticles PEGylation.
 Methods: The Thymoquinone nanoparticles (TQ-NP) were made with PEGylation using PEG 6000 with the concentrations on each preparation of 3 mM (A), 4 mM (B), and 5 mM (C) then were evaluated by the parameter of yield percentage Entrapment Efficiency (EE) and Drug Loading (DL), drug release, size and distribution particle, morphological analysis and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).
 Results: Thymoquinone nanoparticle was PEGylated with PEG 6000 has the highest efficiency entrapment of 99.9718±0.029% in formula A, with the capacity of drug loading 0,66%. Formulation A release 99.9718±0.029% of Thymoquinone at 50 minutes. The morphological observations with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed spherical nanoparticles morphology.
 
 
 Peer Review History: 
 Received 11 September 2020; Revised 5 Decembe; Accepted 3 January, Available online 15 January 2021
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 Received file: Comments of reviewer(s): 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, evren.yapar@yahoo.com
 Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
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 EFFECT OF PEGYLATED EDGE ACTIVATOR ON SPAN 60 BASED- NANOVESICLES: COMPARISON BETWEEN MYRJ 52 AND MYRJ 59

Investigation on mechanical and chemical properties of mechanically extracted banana fibre in pseudostem layers: From Sri Lankan banana (Musa) cultivation waste

This research investigates the factor influencing the quality of the fibre inside the banana pseudostem to determine which layers are suitable for delivering fine banana fibre. This research identifies the banana pseudostem layer-wise properties. Puwalu and Ambun fibres were obtained from the Kurunagala district in Sri Lanka. Banana fibres were separated from pseudostem by using a decorticator machine. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and universal tensile tester machine were used for the testing. The test results showed that the middle layers of the pseudostem to be the finest and strong. The lignin contains in the middle layer of fibre was lower than that of the first layer of fibres. The linear density of the ambun middle layer is 25 tex, the average diameter value is 80 µm and range of single fibre strength is 273–270 gf. Linear density of the puwalu middle layer is 29 tex, the diameter value was varying in between 98 and 100 µm and range of single fibre strength is 270–271 gf. The findings of this research will help anybody to select a suitable layer of Sri Lankan banana cultivars fibres based on physical and chemical properties. Then, these fine fibres can be a bridge over the extensive gap between natural cellulose substitute fibre demand.

Adsorptive Removal of Malachite Green Dye onto Coal-Associated Soil and Conditions Optimization

The present research was investigated to eliminate the cationic dye (malachite green (MG)) from the water environment using coal-associated soil. The adsorbent material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) analyses. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the different factors which affect the adsorption study. The maximum percentage removal of MG dye was attained as follows: adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/L (0.2 to 1.6 g/L), solution pH of 6.0 (2.0 to 9.0), temperature of 30°C (30 to 60°C), time contact of 60min (10 to 90 min), and dye’s concentration of 25 mg/L (25 to 150 mg/L). The adsorption isotherm was studied with four different isotherm models and results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit than the other nonlinear models to designate the isotherm behaviours with [Formula: see text] value of 0.9568, and the maximum adsorption capacity of coal-associated soil for MG dye adsorption is 89.97 mg/g. The evaluation of kinetic studies was performed by using three different kinetic models, where it exposed that pseudofirst order providing the best fit with [Formula: see text] value of 0.96 (25 to 150 mg/L). The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy ( ΔG°), entropy ( ΔS°), and enthalpy ( ΔH°) were endorsing that the present adsorption system was exothermic. Thus, the experimental results state that coal-associated soil could be an alternative material for the exclusion of dyes from water.

Detection of Pork Gelatin in Jelly Candy Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

This study aims to identify the content of pork gelatin in jelly candy using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. This method provide information to the public in choosing halal and tested food products. By uses a stepwise cluster survey method to obtain a sample then the samples obtained were isolated in gelatin, analyzed using the FTIR spectrophotometer method, and continued with data analysis using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). In addition, DNA detection analysis of pork gelatin was carried out using the PCR method. The results of the study were FTIR spectrum at wavelengths of 1450 – 1300 cm-1, 1543 cm-1, and 2800-3000 cm-1. The classification of gelatin sources in jelly candy with PCA resulted in the proportion value of Principal Component 1 (PC 1) of 39%, the value of the proportion of Principal Component 2 (PC 2) of 31%, the value of the proportion of Principal Component 3 (PC 3) of 14.5% and the cumulative value of PC 1, PC 2, and PC 3 is 84.5%. DNA amplification of jelly candy samples by PCR proved that all jelly candy samples A, B, C, D, and E did not contain pork.

Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis

Water hyacinth is a rapidly growing troublesome aquatic weed plant, which causes eutrophication in water bodies and irreversible damage to the ecological system. In this work, we have investigated the water hyacinth biomass (WHB) hydrolysis efficacy of dilute alkaline (DA) pretreatment followed by biological pretreatment with white-rot fungus Alternaria alternata strain AKJK-2. The effectiveness of the dilute alkaline (DA) and biological pretreatment process on WHB was confirmed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and was further visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). XRD spectra showed the increase in the crystallinity of pretreated samples, attributed to the elimination of amorphous components as lignin and hemicellulose. FTIR peak analysis of pre-treated WHB showed substantial changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups and the elimination of lignin signals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed firm, compact, highly ordered, and rigid fibril structures without degradation in the untreated WHB sample, while the pretreated samples exhibited loose, dispersed, and distorted structures. XRD indices (Segal, Landis, and Faneite), and FTIR indices [Hydrogen bond intensity (HBI); Total crystallinity index (TCI); and Lateral order crystallinity (LOI)] results were similar to the aforementioned results, and also showed an increase in the crystallinity both in alkaline and biological pretreatments. Alkaline pretreated WHB, with these indices, also showed the highest crystallinity and a crystalline allomorphs mixture of cellulose I (native) and cellulose II. These results were further validated by the CLSM, wherein fluorescent signals were lost after the pretreatment of WHB over control. Overall, these findings showed the significant potential of integrated assessment tools with chemical and biological pretreatment for large-scale utilization and bioconversion of this potential aquatic weed for bioenergy production.

Review of Scopoletin: Isolation, Analysis Process, and Pharmacological Activity

Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) is a coumarin phenolic compound widely found in plants and includes coumarin derivatives that are superior in several types of plants. This article was created to provide information regarding the isolation process, analysis, and pharmacological activity. The method used is to study and analyze scopoletin articles from national and international journals. From the data sources studied, the yield of scopoletin extract in Morinda citrifolia L was 0.93%, Helichrysum italicum was 1.933mg / 100g. The scopoletin content in Convolvulus pluricaulis is 0.1738%, Artemisia annua is 0.3%, Lasianthus lucidus is 54 mg, and Morus alba L. (Po-sa) is 0.0009%. The highest yield of scopoletin extract was 0.93% found in noni (Morinda citrifolia L) using the Soxhlet method. The highest scopoletin content was 0.3% in Artemisia annua using column chromatography and recrystallization. Scopoletin identification can be done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Mass Spectrometry. Based on in vitro studies, scopoletin has pharmacological activities, including as an antihepatotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, and antioxidant. Pharmacological activities that have been proven in vivo are antithyroid, antihypertensive, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, neurological, anti-dopaminergic and anti-adrenergic, antidiabetic, and antihyperuricemic activities. From the various pharmacological activities of scopoletin, it has the potential to be further developed.

Relevance of body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. deuterium dilution technique to assess excess of fat among young adults

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to assess the nutritional status by using body composition among young Tunisian adults through three measurement methods: body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and deuterium oxide dilution technique (2H2O) and to determine the accuracy of BMI and BIA in order to evaluate the overweight and obesity among young adults in Tunisia. Our study involved 144 young adults. Anthropometric parameters were measured. The fat mass percentage (%FM) was determined by 2H2O and BIA techniques. The analysis of deuterium enrichment was performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). According to BMI, 26.4% of subjects were overweight and 5.5% were obese. The mean of %FM estimated by BIA was significantly higher than that determined by 2H2O (29.7 ± 7.7 vs. 26.3 ± 10.6, p < .0001). Consequently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity assessed by BIA was significantly higher than by 2H2O (51.4% vs. 34%, p < .0001). Using BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar to that estimated by 2H2O (31.9% vs. 34%, p = 0.544). Compared to 2H2O, BIA overestimates the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults. On the other hand, the BMI showed an interesting correlation with the %FM determined by 2H2O.

Sustainable strategy for the enhancement of hazardous aromatic amine degradation using lipopeptide biosurfactant isolated from Brevibacterium casei

The application of biosurfactants for the degradation of various toxic compounds has received much attention among researchers worldwide. A stimulated degrading method was carried out in this research to determine the efficiency of surfactant on the biodegradation of aromatic amine 4-Aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). The biosurfactant mediated process is an alternative strategy for chemical surfactants because chemical surfactants are toxic and nonbiodegradable. The bacterium was isolated through the enrichment process and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing method. The molecular characterization showed that the isolate belongs to Brevibacterium casei-4AB. Biosurfactant produced in this study was examined through screening activities like oil spreading, emulsification activity and surface tension measurement. Instrumental characterization like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) results suggested that there is a presence of NH group, aliphatic hydrocarbons, ester groups, amide and alkenes and further Gas chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results confirmed the presence of fatty acids such as Hexadecanoic and Octadecadienoic acid which showed that the produced surfactant is lipopeptide. Protein content and lipid content in the biosurfactant was found to be 18 ± 0.8% and 30 ± 0.1%. The degraded metabolites of 4-ABP were analyzed through the GC-MS process which revealed the presence of metabolites such as 5-Amino-2-methoxy phenol.

Adsorption characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles coated mixed fungal biomass for toxic Cr(VI) ions in aquatic environment

In this research, the adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) ions from the aquatic environment have been studied using newly synthesized magnetic nanoparticles coated mixed fungal biomass (MNP-FB). Two fungal biomass such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger were isolated, screened, and utilized as a precursor for making an adsorbent. Molecular characterization of isolated fungal species was recognized using 18S rRNA sequencing. The characterization studies of the MNP-FB were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Optimization studies were studied to check the effect of different operating variables such as pH (2.0–9.0), equilibrium time (10–90 min), MNP-FB dosage (0.1–1.0 g/L), temperature (30–60 °C) and concentration of Cr(VI) ions (50–500 mg/L). Additionally, Freundlich isotherm model fits well for the adsorption of Cr(VI) ion using MNP-FB. The adsorption kinetics was interpreted well by Pseudo-first order model. The thermodynamic study concluded that Cr(VI) ions removal by MNP-FB was exothermic and appreciative at low temperatures. The monolayer adsorption efficiency of MNP-FB for Cr(VI) ions was measured as 249.9 mg/g. The current results reveal that MNP-FB has considered being a proficient and economically suitable material for the Cr(VI) ions removal from the water environment.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine microbe (Vibrio alginolyticus) and its anticancer and antioxidant analysis

The applications of green synthesised gold nanoparticles for the biomedical field are the most prominent and developing area in this modern era. In this present investigation, marine bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus was used for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were characterized by various spectroscopic analysis. The morphological analysis of AuNps was done through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) respectively. The obtained size was estimated around 100–150 nm. The synthesized AuNps confirmed by its surface plasmon resonance peak (SPR) range using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The bio-metabolites from marine bacteria which was responsible for the nanoparticles synthesis were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The biomedical application of synthesized eco-friendly AuNps analysed by different method such as, the antioxidant property and free radical scavenging activity through DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl) and metal chelating assay. The anticancer activity of colon carcinoma was confirmed through MTT assay while the apoptotic mediated cell death observed through the fluorescence analysis. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer cells. The IC50 was 15 µg/ mL, and the maximum inhibition of the cell death was (>75%) obtained when treating 25 µg/mL. The apoptotic mediated cell death observed through nuclear condensation of the treated cells. The green synthesis of AuNPs emphases - to be cost effective and environmental friendly with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects against colon cancer.

POLYMERIZATION OF EUGENOL USING A CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID (HNO3) CATALYST AND MEDIA OF ACETIC ACID (CH3COOH)

Eugenol is a paleyellow oily liquid which can be extracted from essential oils such as clove and cinnamon oils. This study aimed to modify eugenol and to reduce environmental pollution caused by polymers by utilizing natural materials through polymerization of eugenol with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and media of acetic acid (CH3COOH). Various of acetic acid media used were 5%, 25%, and 50%. The result of polieugenol was blackish brown, in the form of shiny gels, smelling of cloves, and soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in chloroform and insoluble in benzene and water. The product polieugenol was washed with aquades. The yields before washing were 142.75%, 141.25% and 138.75%, and the yield after washing were 88.265%, 88.397% and 87.248%. The Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectrophotometer results showed that the polymerization did not occur perfectly showing by absorption peaks of CH=CH2 and C = C groups at 995.27 and 1635.89 cm-1.

Characterizing Polymer Films with FTIR Microscopy

Abstract Using a Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) microscope along with an FTIR spectrophotometer proves beneficial in analyzing the complex layers of some composite polymer films. The study reported in this article demonstrates that analysis of the FTIR spectra can help clarify and explain the formulation of different layers that compose the polymer film.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Structure Profile Characterisation, and in vitro Biological Effect of Salvia officinalis L. Phytocompounds.

The aim of this research is to investigate the potential activity of Salvia officinalis and various hair samples responsible for secretion of essential oil. In Tunisia, biological activity of Salvia officinalis is poorly recorded. Salvia leaves contain various types of hairs (glandular and nonglandular). The investigation of different trichomes was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) apparatus. Antiradical potential was assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity was analysed using disc diffusion assay. The extracts of Salvia officinalis (SvOf), showed the following order of richness in phenolic contents: methanolic (70.76 mg GAE/g DW), aqueous (43.76 mg GAE/g DW) and infusion (9.42 mg GAE/g DW). The methanolic fraction records the highest levels of flavonoids (77 mg QE/g DW) compared with the aqueous extracts (33.19 mg EQ/g DW) and infusion (26.25 mg EQ/g DW). MESvOf showed higher value of free radical scavenging activity towards DPPH free radical and ferric reducing power. The results revealed that the main bioactive constituents in the methanolic fractions of sage leaves generally exhibited higher antibacterial effects. Overall, sage phytocompounds constitute a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases. Functional groups detected in S. officinalis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) were mainly phenols, saccharides, amine and Aromatic (Ar-H). Antiradical and antibacterial activities of Salvia officinalis are mainly due to phenolic content and other bioactive compounds. Non-glandular hairs are the most important trichomes in the Salvia leaves.

Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and sulfur mono-doped sodium tantalates

A set of experiments was conducted to synthesize doped and undoped sodium tantalates with carbon and sulfur in energy efficient single-step hydrothermal process. Undoped sodium tantalate nanocubes were synthesized at 140 °C and doped one at 180 °C for 12 h in rich alkaline atmosphere. The sizes of undoped, carbon-doped, and sulfur-doped sodium tantalate nanocubes were 38 nm, 45 nm, and 40 nm, respectively. The morphological, elemental, compositional, structural, thermal, and photophysical properties of as-synthesized doped and undoped sodium tantalate (NaTaO3) were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The sulfur doped NaTaO3 shows a higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue than carbon doped and the undoped NaTaO3. The band gaps of undoped NaTaO3, carbon doped c-NaTaO3, and sulfur doped s-NaTaO3 were calculated to be 3.94 eV, 3.8 eV, and 3.52 eV, respectively using Tauc plot.

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched polyester with carboxyl end groups applied to UV-curable waterborne coating

A hyperbranched polyester with carboxyl end group (HPC) was synthesized by using trimellitic anhydride and neopentyl glycol as raw materials via A2 + B3 polycondensation. Then, waterborne hyperbranched polyester acrylate (WHPC) was synthesized by partially modifying the carboxylic groups of HPC with glycidyl methacrylate. In order to explore the influence of molecular weight, acrylate groups content, and ion groups content on performances, a series of WHPC films with different molecular weight, acrylate groups content, and ion groups content were prepared. The dynamic light scattering spectrometer analysis shows that the higher ionic groups content and the lower molecular weight cause the smaller particle size. The ionic group content has a positive effect on the solubility. The smaller molecular weight and particle size cause the lower viscosity. The Fourier-transform IR spectrophotometer reveals that the double bond final conversion increased with increasing acrylate groups content. The final conversion is between 69 and 86%. The curing speed is fast, and the curing time is about 70 s due to the numerous end groups owned by the hyperbranched structure. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis coupled with end-use mechanical property tests illustrates that the crosslink density has a positive effect on the storage modulus and a negative effect on the flexibility. It is also found that glass transition temperature and pencil hardness are determined by the balance between crosslink segment and hyperbranched polyester segment. The thermogravimetric analysis proves that increased crosslink density and molecular weight promote the heat resistance of films. This work utilizes a novel hyperbranched structure that excels in viscosity, flexibility, and water solubility. Furthermore, the preparation process is convenient.