Institutional Foundations Research Articles

Municipal formations as concentrating subjects of innovation and investment activity

The article examines the problems associated with the effective application of methods of state regulation of innovation and investment activity in the municipal entity and proposes measures to ensure comprehensive socio-economic development of the city. In the course of the study, modern trends were identified and the current state of innovative activity was characterized, in particular, directions for the effective use of the financial and investment reserve of off-budget sources for the implementation of the investment policy of the municipal entity were substantiated, proposals aimed at increasing the financial potential in the system of measures to create a favorable investment climate were developed and substantiated. With regard to the new political and economic realities, it is necessary to revise the institutional foundations of state regulation of investment activities in the municipal entity. To solve these challenges, the authors offer a set of recommendations, which include priority areas of investment activity, principles of financial potential formation. We focused special attention on the non-budgetary component of the formation of the financial potential of municipal entities. A set of recommendations has been developed regarding the involvement of population savings, financial market resources, foreign investments, extrabudgetary funds, and bank loans in the investment process. A set of interrelated institutional, organizational and informational measures is presented, aimed at creating a favorable investment climate in municipal entities, including well-founded innovations in investment tax benefits, subsidizing the interest rate on investment loans, municipal procurement systems, investment insurance, which will create additional incentives for the use of the territory's financial and investment reserve.

Technological sovereignty in the Era of energy transition and implementation of ESG principles in regional industrial agenda

The world economy has entered an era of profound transformations associated with the fourth energy transition. The technological development of states should not only ensure technological sovereignty, but also comply with ESG standards. The purpose of article: based on the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific approaches to content of “technological sovereignty”, to formulate the author's definition, as well as to identify some concepts of investment industrial policy that meets the principles of ESG. Based on the study of patent activity in Russia, it is concluded that there is a critical “compression” of innovation activity, which, in the conditions of unprecedented sanctions, threatens national sovereignty and actualizes the task of forming a new model of economy. A number of positions are reasoned and proposed, which it is advisable to include in the new Concept of technological development of Russia for the coming years. The concepts of the regional technological agenda aimed at enhancing innovation activity and particularly relevant for traditionally “old-industrial” regions in the context of the transition to a new technological order are identified. It is argued that the technological development of industry should be based on a solid institutional foundation, in which ESG principles should be implemented.

Clustering the states of the world by political indicators

The article presents the experience of clustering the states of the world, based on political indicators. Ten indicators were selected for analysis, divided into foreign and domestic political ones and including: the institutional foundations of democracy, turnout in elections, the representation of women in national parliaments, the number of NGOs, the share of state votes in the IMF, the number of diplomatic missions; the strength of the passport, the index of perception of corruption, the conflict potential of the state and military spending. With the help of geographic and geopolitical matrices of the neighborhood, a spatial econometric analysis was carried out, and using the method of geographic average and the Geary index, clustering of the states of the world was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, we can say that the geopolitical neighborhood matrix allows more accurate clustering of the states of the world according to political indicators by taking into account the context. As for the clustering method in general, with its help it was possible not only to visualize the various parameters displayed on the cartogram of the world, but also to fix the prerequisites for integration processes, cleavages between groups of states, development trends of a particular cluster of states, etc.

РЕФОРМЫ ПЕТРА I КАК ВАРИАНТ АДАПТИВНОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ

The article considers the reforms of Peter I from the standpoint of historical sociology and institutional economic theory with the aim to identify the features of Peter's modernization and its role in forming Russia’s path dependence, and this purpose is realized by comparing it with Stalin's modernization. The study rests on the division of modernization into two types:adaptation and westernization models. This division constitutes the methodological basis of the study and allows further use of comparative analysis in reviewing Peter’s and Stalin’s modernization. Peter's reforms are viewed as adaptive modernization: the 17th century formal institutions of Muscovy were replaced by imported (Western) ones, but at the same time basic components of the political system and political culture were preserved.The reforms resulted in a fully state-driven society and developed economy. Totalitarianism in Russia first took shape in the early 18th century. It combined the archaic institutions of Muscovy newly introduced imported ones. The latter strengthened autocratic rule, power-property as an institutional foundation of Russia. At the same time, cultural and everyday westernization was built into Peter's reforms. It subsequently became the basis of indepth westernization in the form of the release of the nobility from compulsory service. A comparative analysis of the Peter’s and Stalin’s modernization showed that they have both common features and differences. Total nationalization of life, focus on militarization, despotism unite them. However, while Peter's modernization transformed the archaic society, Stalin's one revived the archaic in the place of westernized society of the early 20th century

ISSUES OF INCREASING THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNANCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA: TRIPARTISM

The article discusses the necessity to increase the management of the outcome of the process from democratic transition to consolidation. To this end, with the help of a synergetic and functional-structuralist methodology, the mechanisms of parliamentary control and increasing socio-political responsibility in the countries of democratic transition have been identified. According to the authors, to overcome the marginality derived in the process of the democratic transition, it is necessary to increase the culture of exercising power, emphasizing the priority component of managing the outcome of social responsibility. In this context, the political and economic foundations of tripartism are introduced, which enabled the authors to reveal the cooperation of the ruling elite, the business elite and the trade unions. There is a justified opinion that the process from democratic transition to consolidation has a formal nature if the policy of tripartism is not applied, and the coalition government does not disclose socio-ethno-cultural features of the exercise of power. Through this approach, it has been proved that the new waves of innovation and digitization of information and communication technologies have radically changed and will still change the institutional foundations of management and the value system of managing the working environment. According to the authors, new technological progress and transforming socio-political relations have created new challenges for regular modernization. The latter can be resisted if the socio-political discourse from the democratic transition to consolidation is made public. To this end, it is proposed to create a special platform in Armenia for discussing issues of public interest. Provide all interested participants with the opportunity to participate in the discourse to present and support their viewpoints on this platform.

Penyesuaian Diri Pada Mahasiswa Non Muslim di Kampus Islam

This study aims to examine and explore the process of self-adjustment of non-Muslim students studying at the Islamic Education Institute Foundation (YLPI) Faculty of Psychology, Islamic University of Riau. A phenomenological qualitative approach is used in this study. The participants of this study were 2 students and 1 female student of the psychology faculty who are Christian and come from the Batak and Minahasa ethnic groups, who are currently studying in semesters I, V and VII. The results of the research show that carrying out the process of adjustment by conformity, fostering positive perceptions, motivating oneself to learn, conducting effective communication, building relationships, and being active in self-development activities. Then the desire to become a psychology graduate from a quality campus, the dispensation of college lecturers teaching Islamic subjects, an atmosphere of campus life that is full of tolerance for religious and cultural differences, as well as non-discriminatory social support, makes non-Muslim students able to adapt to existing policies at UIR, and feel comfortable studying at the psychology faculty of Universitas Islam Riau.

Rational use of agricultural land in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the article is to consider the institutional foundations of the rational use of agricultural land in a multicultural economy. The formation of land use is faced with the acute problem of organizing a sustainable competitive land use, ensuring a high level of marketability of production and a sufficient level of profitability in conditions of the developing land market. This article discusses the rational use of agricultural land in a multicultural economy, taking into account structural and resource indicators. The efficiency of land use in farms with different land ownership depends on increasing labor productivity, strengthening the economic regime, increasing the intensification of production, using internal reserves and agricultural production opportunities, and, especially, rational use of land. The greatest efficiency of production and use of land has been achieved in large agricultural formations, where high-performance equipment is used, crop rotations are observed, and there is greater availability of credit resources, subsidies, and leasing.The monitoring data of the Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics for 1.01.2020 indicate that 93.7% of peasant and farm farms have a land area of up to 500 hectares. To the greatest extent, small-earth peasant farms have become widespread in the southern region, where the share in the total number of up to 50 hectares is 90.1%, while in the northern region only 8.1%, central - 3.9%, and western - 11.3%. In this regard, the tasks of preserving productive agricultural lands, and optimizing arable land and acreage in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land become a priority. The solution to these tasks is connected with the improvement of technologies for maintaining and increasing the bio-productivity of agricultural lands, the development of technologies for rational land management, land use, and land protection, the creation of effective organizational and legal mechanisms for managing agricultural lands, as well as the development of state monitoring of agricultural lands. Optimization of land use in farms and agricultural enterprises of based on the proposed methodology, taking into account state support measures, will create a basis for a new stage in the development of land reform and will create incentives for the effective use of agricultural land.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО СЕКТОРА ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

A comparative analysis of the macro-institutional environment and the structure of transaction costs of subjects of the entrepreneurial sector of the economy in Ukraine was conducted. Micro-institutional indicators of the effectiveness of the state policy of managing the competitiveness of the entrepreneurial sector of the Ukrainian economy are highlighted. A complex of institutional factors that prevent the competitiveness of the entrepreneurial sector of the Ukrainian economy is provided. A set of transaction costs associated with enterprise registration, registration of property rights and loans and their impact on the level of ensuring the competitiveness of entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been determined. It was emphasized that in Ukraine during the transition period, the appropriate conditions for the formation of civilized entrepreneurship and incentives that would ensure their sufficient level of competitiveness were not created. It has been established that the most important factor of modern transformational processes in the sphere of state policy is integration for the benefit of the further development of entrepreneurship and ensuring its competitiveness. Despite the ineffective attempt to create the institutional foundations of entrepreneurship, changes in the system of market relations led to the transformation of the social and institutional order in Ukraine and did not ensure the formation of an effective state policy for managing the competitiveness of the entrepreneurial sector of the economy. Significant disproportions related to the deformation of the monetary and credit system of Ukraine and their negative impact on ensuring the competitiveness of the business sector and the formation of sources for the implementation of state policy in the relevant sphere are emphasized.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The role of the state management sector is essential for creating a favorable institutional environment for the innovative development of business entities. The state, thanks to the performance of its inherent functions, stimulates or discourages innovative activity, which is reflected in the pace of economic development and the speed of the transition of the national economy to a new technological system. Institutional provision and support of the GDR and innovative development of the national economy is the exclusive prerogative of the state, whose function includes creating conditions for a favorable investment climate, commercialization of innovations, and motivation of innovative product developers. Innovative development is a complex, multifaceted and dynamic category of economic science, which is the main prerequisite for ensuring the appropriate level of competitiveness of products and enterprises, integration of the domestic economy into the world, sustainable development of the national economy in conditions of worsening social contradictions and increasing man-made load on the ecological environment. The agrarian sphere is exclusively important for achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development both in the national dimension of the economy of Ukraine and in the global world scale. According to the proposed author’s approach, the architecture of the institutional environment for increasing the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises is based on an organic combination of fundamental state institutions (legal, social, economic, ecological) with institutions whose action should be ensured by market mechanisms. Creation of stimulating prerequisites and financial support of the GDR is an indispensable factor in attracting investment flows to the national economy. The conducted research and practical experience of the functioning and development of the agar sphere made it possible to establish that the institutional support for innovative activity in this sphere is at the stage of development and improvement. The article examines the institutional foundations of the formation of a favorable environment for the introduction of innovations for enterprises in the agrarian sphere. Considerable weight is given to the issue of understanding the architecture of the institutional environment of agricultural enterprises

“STATÜ TOPLUMU”: GÖBEKLİ TEPE VE KARAHAN TEPE’Yİ TOPLUMSAL TABAKALAŞMA BAĞLAMINDA SOSYOLOJİK DÜŞÜNMEK

Göbekli Tepe and the Neolithic sites around Urfa, which were identified by surveys, provide rich data for the transition of human beings from hunter-gatherer groups to settled and semi-settled agricultural societies. It is possible to trace most of the institutional foundations of today's societies to this transition period. Social theory, which was heavily influenced by the "Neolithic revolution" paradigm, ignored this transitional period. Sociological thought categorizes societies as hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies starting from the back and moves from the axiom that hunter-gatherer societies are egalitarian and agricultural societies are hierarchical. On the other hand, archaeological studies, while addressing the hierarchical "nature" of Neolithic societies, do not sufficiently benefit from the relatively rich theoretical background of sociology. As a result, it becomes important that the two disciplines work in cooperation. This study will emphasize that egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups lived in a relatively long transition period before class-based stratification originating from the economy, and that they went through a hierarchical social order based on social prestige rather than economic inequality during this transition period. For this, Weber's concept of status, which emphasizes different inequalities, rather than Marx's conceptualization of class division based on the ownership of the means of production, will be taken into consideration. Göbekli Tepe society was a classless society, but a hierarchical society based on status. It is possible to define societies that share Göbekli Tepe culture as "status society" in which individuals and groups have prestigious status on an ideological basis. In this scenario, some people had a more prestigious position than others because they monopolized the mythological narrative that made the world meaningful, causing social differentiation. Unlike the main claim of social conflict analysis, the article will argue that the symbolic world, which expresses the social hierarchy in Göbekli Tepe culture, has important functions that enable the Neolithic lifestyle, besides providing a meaningful explanation of the social world rather than causing an exploitation mechanism against a part of the Neolithic society.

PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS OF THE STATE POLICY OF TOURISM AND RECREATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS

The purpose of the article is the identification of problematic aspects, as well as the determination of promising directions of the state policy for the development of tourism and recreation in Ukraine, considering geographical aspects. During the research, such scientific methods of research as quantitative and qualitative comparison were used (to provide a description of the state policy of the tourism and recreation development in Ukraine); statistical analysis (for the analysis of the state and dynamics, geographical orientation of the development of tourist activity; system-structural analysis (for substantiating the priorities and tools of the state policy of stimulating tourism and recreation development in Ukraine). The indicators of the number of subjects of tourist and recreational activities in Ukraine, the distribution of outbound tourists by the countries to which they went, and inbound (foreign) tourists by the countries from which they arrived in Ukraine, the structure of outbound tourists of Ukraine by country, as well as the functioning of children's health and recreation facilities by region of Ukraine are represented. The directions and tools of the state policy for the development of tourism and recreation in Ukraine are substantiated. It has been established that the priority areas of tourism development in the regions of Ukraine should be the improvement of the effectiveness of image management, the implementation of marketing approaches, the formation of tourist flows based on logistics, the development and effective use of local intellectual and personnel resources. In terms of the development of the recreation sector of Ukraine, the leading vectors should be defined as improvement of the institutional foundations of relations regulation in this sphere; achieving high financial and economic activity of business entities in the recreation sphere, stimulating the increase of internal and external investments in the modernization and restoration of recreation facilities, support from the state and society for the creation of new jobs; development of inbound and domestic tourism, rural (green), ecological tourism; expansion of cooperation practices and international cooperation. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the further development of the scientific toolkit for stimulating the activation of tourism and recreation. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of differentiation of state policy in the regional aspect. Prospects for further research in this area relate to the substantiation of the priorities and means of the state policy of supporting tourism and recreation subjects in Ukraine in the conditions of war. Keywords: tourism and recreation, geography of tourism, regional features, state development policy, hospitality industry.

SUBJECTS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF UKRAINE IN QATAR, KUWAIT AND UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

The article defines the main components that form modern public diplomacy, traces the role of public diplomacy subjects of Ukraine in the realization of the goals of public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE, updates the issue of optimizing the interaction of public diplomacy subjects of Ukraine in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE. It has been clarified that in the 21st century, the issue of establishing long-term relationships that create favorable conditions for state policy, in particular the influence on public opinion and those who shape it, is urgent. Public diplomacy has become an important factor in the international life of the vast majority of developed countries. It was revealed that the new rules of political interaction, which provide for openness and publicity, can be turned to advantage with the help of a well-thought-out strategy of public diplomacy, the results of which are measured not only by the positive image of the state in the world, but also by success in promoting foreign policy interests on the international arena. The key goals of public diplomacy are: strengthening the country's image, promoting its brand; ensuring a favorable environment in the field of international communication; development of two-way communication, partnership network; broadcast of political, cultural and other values (including through education); formation of public opinion by one state in another. It has been established that a complex of measures aimed at forming messages aimed at informing target audiences and certain groups of people abroad is of great importance for the effective implementation of the goals of public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE. It has been proven that Ukrainian public diplomacy in Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE has significantly intensified in recent years, as evidenced by a number of successfully implemented projects by diplomatic representatives. The spectrum of such events includes a decent presentation of Ukrainian fields of culture, education, sports, science, tourism, etc It was revealed that the fundamental renewal of the institutional foundations of the cooperation of Ukrainian diplomats in Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE with the Ukrainian diaspora in these countries will give impetus to raising public diplomacy of Ukraine in the Gulf subregion to a new level.

Regulatory Support and Institutions for the Transformation of Enterprises to the Digital Economy

Regulatory support and institutions for the transformation of enterprises to the digital economy are considered. In particular, the basic institutions of the transformation of enterprises to the digital economy, inherent in any society: social (or socio-cultural), economic, political, were studied, and their structure was summarized. It is substantiated that it is the state that is entrusted with the task of ensuring the effective functioning of institutional and legal foundations and long-term development vectors of the country and enterprises in Ukraine. In the conditions of wartime and the development of the digital economy, it is necessary to create a structure of incentives and motivations for digitalization at the enterprises themselves. The institutional and legal foundations of the digital transformation of enterprises by the institutions of state power are considered. The main legislative support for the formation and development of the digital economy in Ukraine is presented, the policy directions of the Ministry of Digital Transformation, its implementation of projects for the development of the digital economy, which create conditions for the development of business in Ukraine, the transformation of enterprises to new operating conditions, the development of human capital, and the preservation of labor potential are considered. The impact of supranational institutions and European integration on the establishment of institutional and legal foundations for the transformation of enterprises to the digital economy is outlined. The main directions of Ukraine’s cooperation with the European Union in the development of the digital economy, which are among the priorities in cooperation, were considered. Proposals regarding the improvement of institutions for the transformation of industrial enterprises to the digital economy are substantiated and relevant recommendations are provided. In particular, it was noted that Ukraine needs a modern industrial policy with defined principles and a vision. A strategy of industrial development is necessary, taking into account the digital economy, martial law, losses of industrial and labor potential, the need for post-war recovery and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On State Industrial Policy». The state industrial policy must meet the requirements of the times, therefore it should include the tasks of digital transformation of industrial enterprises and stimulating mechanisms of digital transformation.

About the state cluster policy in the Russian Federation, implemented in order to increase the innovative potential of the national economy and ensure its sustainable economic growth

The article defines the essence of the state cluster policy of the Russian Federation as a federal state, analyzes the regulatory, conceptual, strategic, organizational and methodological documents that formed the basis of the mechanism of its implementation; the fact is noted that the regulatory and legal support of cluster policy, the mechanisms of its organizational, methodological and information support implemented in the Russian Federation in the field of cluster construction, developed taking into account both foreign experience and the peculiarities of the domestic cluster model, most of which are related to national priorities and institutional foundations that have developed in our country, including within its Soviet period. the evaluation of the practical implementation of cluster policy for the period 2009-2022 was carried out. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the functioning of the mechanism for supporting industrial clusters, as well as to the justification of the need to transition the traditional linear model of the innovation process implemented in cluster structures and focused on supply in the system "research - transfer - technology - use" to a nonlinear model that provides for close functional interconnectedness, interdependence, integration interaction of all cluster participants and orientation innovation on demand. in addition, new conceptual and methodological aspects of the development of modern clusters as complex dynamic network-type systems are considered, which have the properties of ecosystems, where legally independent partners (ecosystem participants, clusters) develop relationships within the framework of interactive collaboration, while relying on a common strategy, common identity, common obligations, interactive coordination of their current actions and opportunities based on the use of common platforms. the article also assesses Russia's place in the Global Innovation Index - 2022 and the possibilities of industrial and innovation clusters to contribute to increasing the innovative potential of the national economy and ensuring its sustainable economic growth.

Civic Participation Platform

Nowadays, daily life is unimaginable without information and communication technologies (ICTs). “New” reality dictates tectonic changes in communication processes that affect all spheres of life, including political ones. In recent years, there has been a trend towards more open and transparent governance. The purpose of this article is to assess the current status of civic participation platforms in the Russian regions of the Greater Caspian Sea on the basis of a comparative analysis of the institutional foundations and practices of their operation. The main empirical method of the research was the monitoring of civic participation platforms in Astrakhan region, the Republic of Dagestan and the Republic of Kalmykia, as well as qualitative content analysis of the texts posted on the above-mentioned portals. Civic participation platforms have a positive impact on the community. Despite the wide range of opportunities that new technologies offer to engage the party concerned and the citizens, the initiatives fail to achieve the expected results and to mobilize a sufficient number of active users. New forms of interaction between the authorities and civic society are just beginning to develop in our country. The development of electronic civic participation portals in the three Russian regions of the Greater Caspian Sea is taking place in different; their level of development can be estimated as average (in Astrakhan region), below average (in the Republic of Dagestan) and zero (in the Republic of Kalmykia). The main reasons for this state of affairs are digital divide between the regions and the governance practices of the federal and local governments in the regions.

Offensive patent litigation strategic choice: An organizational routine perspective

Patent litigation strategy is receiving considerable attention as friction escalates between firms over the legal use of patented technology. Offensive patent litigation is an important corporate strategy to protect intellectual property rights via suing others in the event of an infringement. This study seeks to understand how organizational routines, certificated by the Intellectual Property Rights Management Standard (IPRMS), influence strategic choices of patent litigation. Considering multiple scenarios of firm size and ownership, the results show that organizational routines positively affect the choice of offensive patent litigation, with firm size weakening the effect and state ownership reinforcing the effect. These findings contribute to offensive patent litigation research by highlighting the importance of organizational routines and exploring the interaction between a firm's strategies and the institutional foundations of legal practice.

Water banking in aquifers as a tool for drought resilience in the Murray-Darling Basin

ABSTRACTWater banking in aquifers is an internationally proven, low-cost solution that could improve drought resilience across the Murray Darling Basin. While significant potential for water banking through managed aquifer recharge (MAR) or conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources has been identified in the Murray Darling Basin Plan, there is a need to establish clear policy and institutional foundations to incentivise adoption. To provide appropriate incentives for schemes, the legal status of rights to recharge, store and recover water, and the rules and costs which apply to groundwater extraction need to be clear and transparent. This paper aims to clarify principles and frameworks to secure water rights for recharge, storage, and recovery within the sustainable limits of water resources currently set under law. The current Basin Plan supports water banking, and banking would be complementary with objective and outcomes sought by future Basin Plans. Existing water accounting systems would need to accommodate this new capacity. Institutional arrangements and financial structures of water banking in the USA provide guidance for Australia. Demonstration sites would enable concurrent policy development and institutional set-up and provide critical experience to serve as models for wider adoption as part of future Murray Darling Basin plans.

From Hyper-Globalization to Global Value Chains Decoupling: Withering Global Trade Governance?

While the 1990s and early 2000s were seen as a golden age for Global Value Chains, the 2010s have witnessed a series of crisis that shacked the political and institutional foundations of global trade.  After years of neo-liberal trade policies, trend is now towards neo-realist mercantilism and trade politics. The COVID-19 pandemics and the rise of geopolitical tensions are redefining and perhaps reversing what have been the drivers of world trade since the end of the Cold War in 1989. Geopolitical and institutional uncertainties increase the chance of unpredictable or unforeseen event disrupting entire international segments of the value chain, with potentially extreme consequences. When fat-tailed black-swans run around like headless chickens, disruptions are unpredictable. Yet, understanding the main changes affecting the geo-politics of trade and the possibilities of safeguarding a functional global trade governance is expected to reduce the risks and help future managers preparing for new business paradigms. 

Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950)

Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950)

Социальное самоопределение как фактор противодействия деструктивным формам солидарности

Introduction. Within the framework of sociological thought, the question of solidarity is mainly raised in the context of the idea of social integration. At the same time, solidarity is not always a constructive, socially-saving and socially-integrating factor. The article raises the question of destructive forms of solidarity. The main signs and factors of the development of destructive solidarity are determined. The influence of the nature of social self-determination of members of society on the level of development of constructive and destructive forms of solidarity is considered. Methods. The research uses an analytical approach, as well as methods of comparison and abstraction. The research also relies on the phenomenological method. Results. The article deals with such problems as lack of solidarity and destructive solidarity and examines them within the framework of the classical interpretation of the concept of “solidarity”. The analysis of the relationship between the forms of solidarity and the nature of the attitude to social conflict is carried out. The predominance of the mechanistic type of solidarity in destructive processes is considered. At the same time, it is proved that mechanistic solidarity in itself is not the basis of social destructiveness. The question is raised about social priorities and the nature of social self-determination as the leading factors in the development of constructive and destructive forms of solidarity. The ways of development of constructive forms of social self- determination are considered. The question is raised about the institutional and cultural foundations for the development of constructive forms of social self-determination. Conclusion. Based on the analysis, the author substantiates the importance of cultural and institutional factors of constructive and destructive solidarity, on the basis of which he justifies the priority nature of socially- oriented organizational activities aimed at the development of constructive forms of social self-determination.