Academic Foundation Research Articles

Digital, Self-Regulated Vocabulary Learning and Device Control In Out-Of-Class, Higher Education Settings

Self-regulation of learning behaviour is particularly important when it comes to vocabulary learning for academic purposes in a second language because it often needs to be done on a regular and consistent basis and mostly in out-of-class, self-directed settings to be successful. Self-regulation is also vital when this learning takes place using digital activities on smartphones because these are now ubiquitous devices and deeply embedded in both daily life and higher education settings. Features such as notifications from social media applications can end up distracting students from their academic tasks unless they have the capacity to manage and control their behaviour. This naturalistic, mixed methods study conducted with students on an academic English foundation course in a higher education context aimed to measure their capacity for self-regulated vocabulary learning through technology before and after 10 weeks of intentional digital vocabulary learning in out-of-class settings and to see if there was any difference between learning on a laptop and a smartphone. The purpose of this study was to find out if device control was a relevant dimension of self-regulation, which is an under-researched area. The study collected quantitative data through a recently developed self-report survey tool, and differences in scores were measured using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Qualitative data was also collected from students through paired-depth interviews, and this was analysed using typological analysis. The results revealed that the students’ self-reported capacity for self-regulated vocabulary learning through laptops was significantly higher than their capacity for self-regulated vocabulary learning through smartphones. In addition, commitment regulation when using a smartphone decreased significantly over the 10-week period primarily due to distractions from social media notifications. At the same time, students were aware of when to use each device for different types of learning activities and under different temporal and spatial conditions. Overall, this study showed that device control should be considered an additional dimension of a model of digital, self-regulated vocabulary learning and should also be incorporated into future research in the field of e-learning. In addition, students in higher education need to be given more guidance about the benefits and drawbacks of different devices and how to develop their capacity and strategies for greater device self-regulation.

Digital economy and carbon emission: The coupling effects of the economy in Qinghai region of China

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship between the digital economy and carbon emissions, fully drawing on essential principles of environmental economics, coupled economics, and sustainable development theory. Focusing on the Qinghai region in the western province of China, the study employs highly sophisticated methods such as multiple regression analysis and system dynamics modeling to reveal the multidimensional coupling effects between digital economy development and carbon emission dynamics. The study's results clearly show that in the Qinghai region of China, the booming growth of the digital economy is related to carbon emissions. Of particular interest, the study finds that this relationship exhibits a high degree of complexity and non-linearity and evolves gradually over time. Initially, the rapid expansion of the digital economy, accompanied by high energy consumption and increased carbon emissions, posed a significant challenge to environmental protection. However, a clear inverted “U"-shaped relationship has emerged as the digital economy evolves. This key inflection point signals a shift in the landscape as the digital economy begins to deliver some ecological benefits, potentially reducing the trend of carbon emissions in the future. The findings of this study go beyond simple causality and reveal a complex and evolving dynamic relationship between the digital economy and carbon emissions. Through such insights, this study provides a solid academic foundation and carefully constructs actionable policy recommendations to drive sustainable development. These insights apply to the Qinghai region of China and provide valuable references and lessons for other areas facing similar challenges.

A Preliminary Study Outlining the Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Expatriates in Their International Assignments: Case of UK Expatriates in Chinas Fashion Sector

This research proposal tries to conduct a preliminary study about investigating the factors influencing the effectiveness of UK expatriates in China's fashion sector focusing on individual, social, and organisational factors. This research proposal aims to build up a research project for a PhD level work, and it will act as an research guide and outline. By using this preliminary study, it will provide the later project some academic foundations and evaluates its research potential. It is through this preliminary study that some academic value of the project is presented, which are as follows. To be specific, the later project will addresses a significant gap in the literature by examining the impact of individual factors, such as self-efficacy, prior international experience, and spousal adaptation, on expatriate performance. The later project also explores social-cultural factors, including social networking and cultural differences, as well as organisational factors such as support and training. Key trends in expatriation to China's luxury fashion sector are analyzed, highlighting the growing presence of Western expatriates in key cities like Beijing and Shanghai. The project will employ an interpretivism philosophy and an inductive research approach, utilizing a case study strategy based on UK expatriates working in Burberry's Beijing offices. Data will be collected through online interviews with sample of five expatriates, and thematic analysis is applied to identify key themes and insights. The findings of this project contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics affecting expatriate performance and offer valuable insights for both managers and policymakers. The project suggests that enhancing self-efficacy, providing effective training and support, addressing spousal adaptation issues, and fostering social networking are critical for improving the effectiveness of expatriates in China's luxury fashion sector.

Artificial Intelligence’s Impact of the Management Consultancy Sector over the Next Five Years

Abstract This essay explores the imminent impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the management consultancy sector over the next five years. After tracing the historical context of technological innovation and societal unease with disruption, we delve into the current landscape of management consultancy, emphasizing its evolution and present dynamics. Specialized themes in the consultancy market today, such as internal consulting and data-centric approaches, highlight the industry’s dynamism. The core focus anticipates the implications of AI on management consultancy, with a shift towards AI-powered analytics and insights transforming consultants’ roles. Market segmentation deepens as specialized AI-driven consulting firms emerge, challenging traditional players. The competitive landscape witnesses the entry of tech giants, intensifying competition and prompting strategic shifts in consultancy models. A forward-looking perspective considers changes in pricing and cost structures, emphasizing ethical considerations in AI deployment. In this transformative landscape, a blended future emerges, envisioning AI-driven quick insights complemented by human consultants offering context, creativity, and empathy. This condensed exploration provides a crucial foundation for academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers navigating the evolving interplay between AI and management consultancy.

Кафедре генетики , селекции и семеноводства - 100 лет

The year 2023 is a special year for domestic selection: this year marks the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, the first department of this profile in Russia. Among the rapid changes in everyday life in post-revolutionary Russia, much was possible even in such a conservative environment as education. In 1923, thanks to the efforts of the Russian geneticist and breeder Sergey I. Zhegalov, this department was organised on the basis of the Breeding Station. The activities of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production are based on a solid academic foundation laid by Sergei I. Zhegalov and developed by his followers who have headed and worked at the department. The Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production was and is a methodological center for the training of genetic breeders. The textbooks and training manuals written by its staff from Zhegalov’s time to the present day have been fundamental for all universities in the country. In 1988, on the initiative of Professor Yuri B. Konovalov, a new specialty “Breeding and Genetics of Agricultural Crops” was started at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, which was supervised nationally by the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production. During the existence of the department, more than 100 doctors and candidates of sciences have been trained. Graduates of the department can be found in in almost all major agricultural universities and research institutes in neighbouring countries, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Vietnam, Syria, Egypt, China and many other countries.

경영학에서의 지혜(Managerial Wisdom) 연구에 대한 고찰: 아리스토텔레스의 철학과 기독교를 중심으로

Management goes beyond simply knowledge and information and must reflect various social demands such as ethics, leadership, and social responsibility in corporate management. Wisdom in management studies can be an alternative to the demands of the times in that it includes these elements. there is. In conceptualizing wisdom management, philosophy and Christianity are studies that present a perspective on the world through human exploration, so they provide excellent validity as materials that provide an academic foundation. From a philosophical perspective, the truth called theoretical knowledge and the activities called practical knowledge are all related in a causal relationship, and it is believed that happiness can be achieved only by pursuing both. This is the practice of the mean spoken by Socrates and Aristotle. From a philosophical perspective, the concept that wisdom can be known to pursue management as a practice of morality and ethics toward the public good through the realization of ignorance about oneself has the same direction as the practical aspect of wisdom management. Christian wisdom is also wisdom that humans obtain through long-term observation and practice between their own lives and the existence of God through Chokmah in the Old Testament. In business administration, this means that managers themselves recognize or reflect on their own ignorance. It is consistent with the ability to apply high-level knowledge along with existing management knowledge to the management field. It is accepted as an important practical element of wisdom to clearly recognize the wise way of life obtained through the relationship with God that Paul spoke of, to change oneself through practice, and to spread this good influence throughout the community. It is a very similar concept to practical knowledge, which is one of the characteristics of wisdom from a perspective.
 This study can be said to be of great significance in examining the wisdom of managers from a philosophical and Christian perspective and enabling it to be applied as practical wisdom to individual managers.

젠트리피케이션 지역의 예술 요소와 지원정책에 관한 연구

For the study of art elements and support policies in the gentrification area, cases of gentrification in various cities were collected and the progress of gentrification by region was tracked. Additionally, the study focused on art elements and support policies in the gentrification area, changes in the role and consciousness of art in urban gentrification, and urban changes in art-oriented gentrification activation. Based on this, various policy directions at the individual community level reflecting the characteristics of each city and region were studied and analyzed. As a result of the study, art elements and support policies are expected to have a positive effect on mitigating side effects in the gentrification area and protecting the community. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the community and artistic elements and support policies, and will help local governments and related organizations develop and implement these policies. This study will provide an academic foundation for promoting desirable gentrification progress through an analytical approach to the relationship between the perspective of art and gentrification viewed by the local community.

로컬콘텐츠 기획자 뿌리내림 과정과 특성

This study explores the process of embeddedness and characteristics of local content planners, focusing on Chengdu City in China.
 To achive this, we first examined the contextual differences of local contents planners entering the two countries by referring to the Korean case, and then conducted a theoretical examination of the concept and characteristics of local content creators they create, and embeddedness for closer analysis. Based on this, we selected Caihong Street in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, as the research site and conducted field visits and in-depth interviews with local content planners who are active in the research site.
 As a result, we found that local content planners in the case area entered the area voluntarily due to low rent and the existence of a network of neighbors working in the same field, and that the locality of the area, which is distinct from other areas, is an attractive factor that attracts local contents planners.
 In the early stages of embeddedness, we found that informal networking with residents and building rapport with residents in terms of understanding the local culture and context are important, depending on the specific demand characteristics. The role of local content created in this phase is to express and visualize local 'everydayness', contributing to the formation of psychological attachments as well as physical connections with local residents. On the other hand, the local content created in the closeness stage of embeddedness contributed to the expansion of the creative community by building an organic environment of the local community by linking residents and external actors. However, local brand-oriented local content aimed at enhancing the image of the local area may be weighted more toward economic effects than social and cultural effects, and some public-related local content has a limited role in implementation due to the complexity of regulations and systems.
 This study aims to add meaning to the current debate on the potential of local creators in Korea, which is being actively discussed not only in China but also in Korea, by laying the academic foundation for the direction of policy support for sustainable fostering and support, and for maintaining an ecosystem for self-reliant and long-term activation of local content creators.

Unraveling the great resignation: a comprehensive literature review on the workforce exodus henomenon

Purpose- The Great Resignation, a profound labor market shift following the COVID-19 pandemic, has seen employees globally re-evaluate their work-life priorities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on this phenomenon, aiming to consolidate existing knowledge, identifying research gaps, and offer insights to various stakeholders. Methodology- A systematic literature search was conducted using defined keywords such as "Great Resignation," "workforce trends," and "remote work" across multidisciplinary databases Web of Science and Scopus. Publications spanning 12 categories, including refereed articles, conference papers, and reviews, were reviewed to distill the essence of existing research. Findings- The Great Resignation underlines a pivotal movement where work-life balance, health, safety, and job contentment surpass conventional job security. Contributing factors include blurred boundaries between professional and personal spheres due to remote work, health risks in the workplace, and a general rethinking of career choices following the pandemic. The increase in workloads and the stress of the global health crisis have accelerated burnout, making many seek healthier work environments. In addition, changes in cost of living and inflation have further fueled this trend. The phenomenon poses significant challenges for organizations, from talent retention to operational disruptions. Conclusion- Addressing the Great Resignation requires adaptive strategies from employers. The flexibility of work options, the prioritization of mental health, the availability of competitive compensation, and the maintenance of transparent communication emerge as essential. Governments, too, play a crucial role by ensuring policies that support worker rights, offer financial aid, and promote skill development. This review underscores the need for more empirical research to understand long-term impacts across various sectors and demographics and to develop effective retention strategies. The findings also provide a foundation for policymakers, business leaders, and academics to strategize and navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by the Great Resignation in the post-pandemic era. Future research directions include an in-depth exploration of sector-specific impacts, demographic variations, and long-term economic implications. Keywords: Great resignation, workforce, Boolean operators, motivation, turnover ntention, millennials JEL Codes: L22, M51, M54

The Tangut Dictionary by E.I. Kychanov and the Study of the Shapes of the Tangut Script

The late Professor, Dr. Evgeny Ivanovich Kychanov not only created a solid academic foundation for the research on history, society, law, and religion of Xixia, but also made a significant contribution to the study of the Tangut language and script. One of them is the Tangut Dictionary (Kyoto University, 2006). The author, as a co-editor of the dictionary, typed Tangut characters in the special font, checked phonetic-reconstruc­tion forms, and worked on the arrangement of the characters in the index. Although the dictionary’s method to find the character index is unique, it is useful for the study of the shapes of the Tangut script from the viewpoint of current research. The author discusses some topics from the viewpoint of linguistics.

Student-Led Curricular Development in the Biomedical Science Master’s Program Using Virtual Dissection

The Anatomage table is a virtual dissection technology increasingly used to supplement anatomy education while its efficacy and integration is still being evaluated. To address the gap in student curricular leadership in such technological integration, previous master’s and current medical students led a curricular development effort to design, create, and incorporate hands-on Anatomage learning activities into a master’s level anatomy course during the 2021–2022 academic year. To assess changing perspectives regarding the table’s role in curriculum integration and content retention, surveys were conducted before and after voluntary participants completed the learning activities. Overall, participants had a more positive perspective on the integration of the Anatomage table into the curriculum and its use to retain material compared to non-participants. Participants were significantly more likely to feel motivated to learn anatomy while interacting with the table. Compared to peers who only experienced the table in didactic lecture, activity participants were significantly more likely to perceive that the table helped them learn the skeletal system, a perception supported by significantly higher scores on skeletal anatomy exam questions. Less positive perspectives were observed overall for the muscular system, demonstrating the efficacy of the table varied with content. This research contributes to our understanding of virtual technology in anatomy education, and, although the integration of student-developed activities was complex, various educational features and pedagogical approaches were successfully utilized to establish a novel supplemental resource that contributes to multimodal learning and an academic foundation that prepares learners for their future careers in biomedical sciences and medicine.

Innovative and entrepreneurial characteristics of university students based on logistic regression model

Abstract This paper proposes a logistic regression model with structural sparsity to study the characteristics of innovation and entrepreneurship among college students. The article first analyzes the basic form of the logistic regression model, including the objective function and the selection method for the penalty function. Then, because the ADMM algorithm combines the advantages of augmented Lagrangian and pairwise decomposition, which can reduce the computational difficulty and complexity, based on this advantage, this paper designs the ADMM algorithm solution framework that is favorable for distributed computing. Finally, this paper analyzes the relationship between the development of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of students in R colleges and universities and their gender, grade, academic foundation, experience in clubs and discipline type. The results yielded that college students’ mean value of innovation and entrepreneurship competence in HEI R was 3.734. The mean value of the scores of each sub-competence ranged from 3.531 to 3.918, which puts the overall innovation and entrepreneurship competence of students in this university at an intermediate level. Therefore, this study plays an important role in understanding the innovation and entrepreneurial characteristics of students in higher education.

Differential Attainment Within the Specialised Foundation Programme: Creating an Accessible Mentorship Scheme to Increase Diversity Within Academic Medicine.

The Specialised Foundation Programme (SFP), formerly the Academic Foundation Programme, is a highly competitive pathway into academic medicine. There is minimal information available on the demographics of those who apply to the programme, how it scores its applicants and who is successful, making it difficult to assess whether the application process is accessible to all students and promotes a diverse workforce. There are varying levels of support available with coaching, either geographically ring-fenced by universities or available through paid courses. As a result, there is a risk of differential attainment between students who have financial constraints or attend universities where the SFP is less promoted. The aim of the study was to assess student opinion on barriers to the SFP and academic medicine and the demand for the creation of a national, free-to-access SFP mentorship programme to reduce differential attainment amongst student cohorts.Students in the programme received mentorship, peer learning and scheduled teaching events over a six-month period. Surveys were distributed pre- and post-course, and qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted. Of the respondents,76% felt that medical schools provided insufficient information on SFP, 31% did not feel financially stable at university and 53% stated that they would not enrol if a cost was present. Applicants were tested on pre- and post-course confidence, all of which showed an increase in mean Likert (1-5) scoring post-mentorship. Financial, institutional and geographical barriers to students applying to the programme were identified. Whilst further research is required to better understand the barriers to academic medicine, national, free-to-access mentorship may effectively reduce differential attainment and improve accessibility amongst students.

Unraveling Vincent Mosko's Thoughts on the Commodification of Content, Audience and Workers: A New Phenomenon of the Digital Age in Indonesia

This paper in the form of a scientific article discusses Vincent Mosko's thoughts on commodification in three main dimensions, namely content, audience, and workers. The concept of commodification is a subject of debate in the contemporary world, especially in the context of media and communication. This paper presents a critical analysis of Mosko's thinking on how the process of commodification has shaped and changed mindsets and practices in these three important aspects. First, this article reviews the concept of content commodification in the digital age. Mosko highlighted how content, which was initially individual and personal, underwent transformation into a commodity that could be monetized by industry players and social media platforms. This discussion covers the use of content as a means of marketing by companies and influencers, as well as its impact on the quality and integrity of the information presented. Secondly, this article explores Mosko's views on the commodification of audiences. In his perspective, the audience has gone from being mere recipients of messages to consumers directed and manipulated by marketing strategies. Mosko identifies how audience profiles are used to improve advertising effectiveness and how their engagement is measured in the context of marketing and sales. Third, this paper looks at how Mosko's approach in formulating the commodification of workers, especially in the creative and media sectors. Through literature analysis, this article highlights the workings of labor exploitation in the creative industries, including the role of digital platforms in shaping working conditions and influencing the sharing of economic value among workers. The results of the analysis in this article show how Vincent Mosko's thinking provides deep insight into the complexity and consequences of the process of commodification of content, audiences, and workers in the digital age. Further understanding of these concepts is expected to provide a foundation for academics, media practitioners, and policymakers to address the challenges and potential negative impacts arising from commodification in the world of media and communication.

Application of Artificial Intelligence to Patient-Targeted Health Information on Kidney Stone Disease

The American Medical Association (AMA) recommends health information to be written at a 6th grade level reading level. Our aim was to determine whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) can outperform the existing health information on kidney stone prevention and treatment. The top 50 search results for "Kidney Stone Prevention" and "Kidney Stone Treatment" on Google, Bing, and Yahoo were selected. Duplicate webpages, advertisements, pages intended for health professionals such as science articles, links to videos, paid subscription pages, and links non-related to kidney stone prevention and/or treatment were excluded. Included pages were categorized into academic, hospital-affiliated, commercial, non-profit foundations, and other. Quality and readability of webpages were evaluated using validated tools, and the reading level was descriptively compared with ChatGPT generated health information on kidney stone prevention and treatment. 50 webpages on kidney stone prevention and 49 on stone treatment were included in this study. The reading level was determined to equate to that of a 10th to 12th grade student. Quality was measured as "fair" with no pages scoring "excellent" and only 20% receiving a "good" quality. There was no significant difference between pages from academic, hospital-affiliated, commercial, and non-profit foundation publications. The text generated by ChatGPT was considerably easier to understand with readability levels measured as low as 5th grade. The language used in existing information on kidney stone disease is of subpar quality and too complex to understand. Machine learning tools could in generating information that is comprehensible by the public.

Transition Supply Chain 4.0 to Supply Chain 5.0: Innovations of Industry 5.0 Technologies Toward Smart Supply Chain Partners


 Industry 4.0 provides businesses with the tools they need to meet difficulties such as fluctuating demand and unstable markets. Additionally, Industry 4.0 refers to the connectivity of computers, various materials, and artificial intelligence (AI) with minimum involvement from humans in the decision-making process. Although Industry 4.0 has a significant potential for the expansion of the industrial sector, it faces several hurdles, including integration of technology, problems with human resources, problems with supply chains, and data security concerns. The human-centered approach that Industry 5.0 took meant that many of the problems that plagued Industry 4.0 could finally be solved. In the previous generation, known as Industry 4.0, the emphasis was placed on scalability and volume of production; however, in the next generation, known as Industry 5.0, human centricity is the key focus. We have included a list of the different technical improvements that are part of Industry 5.0 as well as the technological advancements that are part of Industry 4.0. The problems that plagued Industry 4.0 have been addressed head-on in Industry 5.0, including concerns over data protection and the integration of new technologies. This study would serve as a foundation for academics and companies to learn about the technologies of Industry 4.0, their obstacles, the technical advancements, and the methods by which Industry 5.0 addressed the issues of Industry 4.0. Also, we constructed an appraiser model to appraise manufacturers as partners in the supply chain. We selected manufacturers that are interested in deploying Industry 5.0 in their operations. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) are contributed to construct an appraiser model under the authority of uncertainty theory entailed in single value neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) to support AHP and COPRAS in ambiguity situations.

The Influence of Fostering an Innovative Organisation Culture on Employee Engagement

Innovation is an essential aspect in today’s business ecosystem. It has a direct and far-reaching impact on areas of business operations as well as results. One of the pertinent areas that needs a study is the aspect of employees, their behaviour and their engagement in the context of innovation culture. Thus, this study has addressed this research area by studying the drivers of employee’s cognitive and psychological system and their linkage to innovation culture in the organisation. Along with drawing academic foundations through cognitive and organisational theories, the industry practices have also been discussed. The study proposes a framework to bring out the linkage and implications for organisational leaders to further build those areas in the organisation that enhance employee engagement through the themes of innovation.

잠재계층분석을 이용한 한국 청소년 사이버불링 가해행태 분석

This study aims to categorize adolescent cyberbullying perpetration using a person-centered approach, as opposed to the conventional variable-centered method. The goal is to create an academic foundation for tailoring cyberbullying prevention strategies that align with unique perpetration patterns shown by individual adolescents. To achieve this goal, the study utilized data from the 「Korean Children and Youth Welfare Panel Study 2018」conducted by the Korea Institute of Child and Adolescent Welfare. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we identified latent groups of adolescents with comparable cyberbullying perpetration patterns. These groups were then studied to uncover distinctions in demographic charateeristics (gender), mental health factors (aggression, depression, grit), antisocial behaviors (delinquency), and relational factors (teacher relationships, friendships, parental caregiving attitudes). The key findings are as follows: First, a statistically significant model has been derived, which includes two to five latent groups, each displaying unique patterns of cyberbullting perpetration behavior. Second, considering model fit, types of perpetration behavior, and sample sizes, a four-group latent model has been determined as the most appropriate for achieving the research objectives. These four latent groups are labeled as: 'Low-Level Perpetration Group (n=2,087)', 'Verbal Aggression · Cyber Prison · Flaming Concentrated Group (n=36)', 'Verbal Aggression Concentrated Group (n=74)', and 'High-Level Perpetration Group (n=5)'. Third, there are no significant differences observed in the characteristics of the members within each latent cyberbullying perpetration group. However, unexpected outcomes are noted concerning delinquency, teacher relationships, and positive parental caregiving attitudes (warmth, autonomy support, structure). Consequently, the need for further research on categorizing types of adolescent cyberbullying perpetration and conducting detailed analyses for each type is proposed.

A Study of the Cultural Intricacies that the Students Face during Language Learning Processes

Learning strategies are selected based on insights and analysis that are based on a common global academic foundation. A set of complications negatively affect the process of receiving the applied English language and have many negative psychological and achievement effects on students, and therefore this study seeks to investigate the impact of common ideological and cultural complexities among students on learning applied English linguistics. A quantitative methodology was adopted, where a questionnaire has been distributed online among a sample of (300) teachers working in different English departments at Kurdistan/ Erbil Universities. SPSS 23 was used to evaluate the gathered replies, and the results revealed that numerous cultural complications influence students' acquisition of applied linguistics, such as the traditions and customs of eastern civilizations, which do not favour language learning. Another cultural complexity is the shyness that affects the learner when he/she practices the language in front of others. Moreover, many other erroneous ideologies affect the learning of English applied linguistics including students’ contempt for modern teaching methods of the English language, and the false belief among students that learning English is not compatible with the culture and Islamic teachings of society. Moreover, the study concluded that there is a strong negative correlation with statistical significance between the ideological and cultural complexities of students and the learning of applied English linguistics in English departments at Kurdistan University, through the analysis of statistical data. It was also found that complexities are more influential in learning applied English than cultural complexities. The researcher recommends the necessity for teachers to deal with a greater degree of awareness with the current generations in dealing with these complexities, by making the English language away from the wrong ideology recognized before, and focusing on teaching it as an important and global foreign language, and that mastering it is important in achieving development.

Prospective Research Trend Analysis on Zero-Energy Building (ZEB): An Artificial Intelligence Approach

While global attention to zero-energy building (ZEB) has surged as a sustainable countermeasure to high-energy consumption, a congruent expansion in research remains conspicuously absent. Addressing this lacuna, our study harnesses public research and development grant data to decipher evolving trajectories within ZEB research. Distinctively departing from conventional methodologies, we employ state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence models to meticulously analyze grant textual content pertinent to ZEB. Our findings illuminate an expansive spectrum of ZEB-related research, with a pronounced focus on the holistic continuum of energy supply, demand, distribution, and actualization within architectural confines. Theoretically, this work delineates key avenues ripe for future empirical exploration, fostering a robust academic foundation for subsequent ZEB inquiries. Practically, the insights derived bear significant implications for practitioners, informing optimal implementation strategies, and offering policymakers coherent roadmaps for sustainable urban development. Collectively, this study affords a panoramic perspective on contemporary ZEB research contours, enhancing both scholarly comprehension and practical enactment in this pivotal domain.