Forms Of Periodontitis Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МИКРОБНОЙ КОНТАМИНАЦИИ ПРИ ПАРОДОНТИТЕ И ПЕРИИМПЛАНТИТЕ. ОБЗОР

At the present stage of the development of dentistry, dental implantation occupies a leading place in the system of complex rehabilitation of patients with defects in the dentition. The success of dental implant placement depends on many factors. Among the significant reasons influencing the positive outcome of transplantation, the state of microbiocinosis of the oral cavity of patients should be noted. The perimplant zone is a favorable habitat for anaerobes. The pathological process in the form of periodontitis, which is often the reason for the loss of teeth and the placement of implants, contributes to the progression of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. This article provides an overview of the scientific litera-ture devoted to the study of microflora in inflammatory periodontal diseases. We conducted a comparative assessment of the microbiota in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, which, according to individual authors, are different ecosystems in terms of the composition of microorganisms. Alternative views on this issue were considered. Based on the analyzed scientific data, we made a conclusion about the similarities and differences in the oral microbiota in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, as well as in their combined course. We substantiated the feasibility of assessing microbial pathogens in the peri-implant area in order to develop preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at the long-term survival of dental implants.

Maternal Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background and Aims:In periodontal disease, pathogenic inflammatory factors hold a vital part in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature concerning the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB) and low-birth-weight baby (LBWB). In the Middle-east region, reports indicate a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontitis is believed to be one of several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in the Qassim region and its association as a possible risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Materials and Methodology:This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 380 pregnant women from the 8th week postconception to parturition who were attending to Maternal and Children's Hospital in Buraidah, Qassim, KSA. The data were collected through questionnaire and oral examination. Plaque scores (Silness and Loe) and gingival disease scores (Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index [PDI]) were used to assess oral hygiene status. The questionnaire data collected included gestational age, plaque control habits, previous incidences of premature birth, and awareness of expectant mothers about periodontal disease.Results:Data were collected for 380 participants. Our results based on the plaque index and PDI showed that all (100%) of these 380 pregnant women suffered periodontal diseases (gingivitis 78.9% and periodontitis 21.1%). The distribution of gingivitis was the highest among 3rd trimester patients and lowest among 1st trimester patients. Mild-to-moderate types of periodontitis (4 mm–5 mm) were more prevalent among the participants compared with severe (more than 6 mm) forms of periodontitis with a higher prevalence in the 3rd trimester (7–9 months) of gestational age.Conclusions:A very strong significant association of pregnancy and periodontal disease in the Saudi population (Qassim Region) and periodontal disease is risk factor for PTB and LBWB for these patients.

Meta-Analysis the Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in Adults

Background: The risk of periodontal disease was 2.9 times higher in the obese group compared to the normal group. Periodontitis is one of the 10 most common chronic diseases affecting the world's population. Obesity contri­butes to an increased complexity of periodontal pathogens and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Lifestyle changes, including a higher intake of added sugars, increase susceptibility to energy imbalances that often lead to weight gain and other long-term health consequences including periodon­titis. This study aims to estimate the relationship between obesity and periodontitis in adults based on the results of a number of previous studies. Subjects and Method: This is a systematic study and meta-analysis. The articles used in this study were obtained from several data­bases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The articles used in this study are articles that have been published from 2000-2021. The search for articles was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. The study population was adults with an intervention in the form of obesity, a comparison that was not obese, and the outcomes in the form of periodontitis. This article was collected for 1 month. The keywords to search for articles were as follows: “Adult” AND “obesity” OR “body mass index” AND “periodontitis” OR “perio­dontal disease” AND “adjusted odds ratio”. The articles included in this study are full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow dia­grams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 11 articles were reviewed in this study. Studies have shown that obesity can increase the incidence of periodontitis in adults by 1.23 times compared to non-obese (aOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.33; p<0.001). Conclusion: Obesity increases periodontitis in adults Keywords: obesity, body mass index, periodontitis, periodontal disease Correspondence: Lia Khairunnisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: liakhairunisa36@gmail.com . Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2021), 06(02): 201-210 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.02.07

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTS PRODUCED BY OSTEOTROPIC DRUGS ON BONE REGENERATION OBTAINED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN THE EXPERIMENT AND CLINICAL FINDINGS OF RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS

The treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis is one of the important and is still not completely solved problems of modern dentistry due to its high prevalence and the number of complications, which may follow the treatment. Long-term asymptomatic course of chronic forms of periodontitis promotes the progression of destructive processes not only in periodontal tissues and alveolar bone, but also stimulates the resorption of cementum and the root dentin, which causes the formation of the acquired wide dental root apex. This prompted the search for new and more effective methods of the treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the effect produced by calcium hydroxyapatite-based composition based on the intensity of regenerative processes in bone tissue in the experiment, analyzing the results of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and to study the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with chronic granulating periodontitis with an acquired wide tooth root apex using the developed composition, and then to compare with the results of using the generally applied mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) material. All animals were divided into 4 experimental groups, and the modelled destruction of their bone tissues was filled with the studied material, except for the comparison group. The test animals were killed on 14th and 90th days of the experiment. The content of calcium and phosphorus in the bone tissue homogenate was investigated. Then we divided 59 patients into two groups: the experimental group, in which the apical part of the tooth root was filled with the proposed calcium hydroxyapatite-based composition for revitalization and bioreparation of periapical tissues, and the comparison group, in which the jaw bone defects were filled with the MTA material. On the 14th day, the largest (1.8-fold) decrease in calcium and phosphorus ions was observed in the 2nd experimental group, while in the 4th group it was 1.3 time lower. On the 90th day, the content of calcium and phosphorus ions was still lower than in the control group in 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, and in 4th group in 1.01 and 1.1 time. Analysis of the treatment results of patients in 6 month therapy has demonstrated a decrease in the value of the SDVP index in the experimental group in 1.4 times, and in the control group in 1.1 time. In 12 months the experimental group demonstrated the 1.9-fold index decrease, while the comparison group had only 1.4-fold lowering of this value. We have demonstrated experimentally, clinically and radiologically that the proposed composition is more effective in promoting the processes of biorevitalization and regeneration of periodontal tissues compared to the generally applied MTA material.

The degree of influence of the types of selected microcultures from subgingival zone on diferent nosological forms of periodontal diseases in young people

The development and course of periodontal disease in young people is characterized by sluggish clinical symptoms, and at the initial stage are asymptomatic, which greatly complicates its timely diagnosis. Therefore, it is especially important to find methods of early diagnosis and prediction of periodontal disease, which will allow for a rational comprehensive prevention. Among the causes of periodontal disease, the main role belongs to the microorganisms of dental plaque, which has important diagnostic value.The aim of the study. To investigate the composition of mixed microcultures of subgingival plaque bacteria in young people with different nosological forms of periodontal disease and to assess the degree of influence of microbial factors on the development of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. The state of microbiocenosis in the subgingival zone in 104 people with periodontal disease and in 94 people with intact periodontal tissues were studied. To assess the severity of the influence of the types of selected microcultures of the subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people, the method of alternative sequential analysis of Wald and Bayes’s formula was used.Results. With the development of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in most cases revealed cultures characterized by the presence of polymorphic gram-negative bacteria that developed, fixed on the solid phase, and in the liquid phase contained coccal microflora (53.01±5.48 %). During the development of generalized periodontitis, an increasing number of microcultures with a predominance of gram-negative microflora with pronounced adhesive properties was detected, which led to the development of these microcultures on the solid phase (61,9±10,6 %). The calculation of prognostic coefficients showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease (+7.46).Conclusions. With the development of the pathological process in periodontal tissues, the state of the microflora changed in the direction of increasing gram-negative polymorphic microflora with pronounced adhesive properties that are capable of aggregation (up to 53.01 % in patients with catarrhal gingivitis, up to 90,48 % – with generalized periodontitis). The result of calculation of the severity of isolated types of microcultures from subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease

ANALYSIS OF HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL INDEXES OF CHILDREN WITH I TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS

Gingivitis and periodontitis are two forms of periodontal disease that are well known as oral complications in diabetic patients. Particular attention should be paid to the diagnosis of periodontal disease at an early age among patients with this endocrinological pathology. The aim of this scientific work was to assess the gum bleeding and the state of the periodontium in children with type I diabetes mellitus during the periods of milk bite and period of mixed dentition.&#x0D; Scientific studies of gingivitis during milk and variable occlusion in children with diabetes are quite rare. In addition, the period limited by the age ranges is transitional for the dental-maxillary system. This fact will allow us to have a great opportunity to study the differences from deciduous and permanent teeth.&#x0D; 258 children aged from six to fourteen were examined for this scientific work, namely 129 children with type I diabetes mellitus and 129 children without somatic diseases. All patients were divided into appropriate subgroups: somatically healthy children without signs of gingivitis, somatically healthy children with signs of gingivitis, children with type I diabetes mellitus without signs of gingivitis, children with type I diabetes mellitus with signs of gingivitis.&#x0D; The hygiene index was determined according to Fedorov - Volodkina (1968) and OHI-S (Green, Vermillion, 1964). The periodontal condition was assessed by the PMA index (papillary-marginal-alveolar index) modified with Parma (1960). Bleeding index was determined according to Loe, Silness (1967), that is, the so-called gingival index (GI). We also calculated the bleeding index according to Muhleman H.R. (1971).&#x0D; There was no statistically significant difference in the values of the intensity of caries, its prevalence and hygiene indexes in the group with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with healthy children.&#x0D; Our studies showed a statistically significant difference between the control group and patients with type I diabetes mellitus regarding periodontal indexes and gingival bleeding, consistent with existing data in the literature. Inflammatory processes in the periodontium of children and adults with diabetes mellitus have been increased. It is also very important to recognize this process as soon as possible.&#x0D; The results of this research work determine that children with diabetes have a great risk of bleeding gums compared to children without diabetes.&#x0D; We cannot say that gingivitis in children always lead to destructive periodontal disease in adulthood, a number of Ukrainian and foreign authors point out that children with insulin-dependent diabetes are more prone to periodontal destruction, than healthy ones. This is important because the most common periodontal diseases can be prevented even in people with an increased susceptibility to them and the development of destruction can be stopped by early detection of the disease in the early stages. Moreover, there is evidence that the treatment of periodontal disease in adults with diabetes has a positive effect on the level of metabolic control of these individuals.&#x0D; Thus, in light of the current results, oral screening and preventive programs should emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis of periodontal disease even during the milk occlusion and period of mixed dentition, especially in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Detection rates of periodontal bacteria and herpesviruses in different forms of periodontal disease.

The aim was to investigate the detection rates of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) in different forms and severity of periodontal disease, and to compare them with those in periodontally healthy subjects. One hundred and twenty-nine patients participated in the study: 39 diagnosed with periodontal abscess (PA), 33 with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), 27 with chronic periodontitis (CP), and 30 participants with healthy periodontal tissue represented a healthy control group. All patients with periodontal disease (PA, NUP, and CP) were also divided into two groups according to the severity of their disease: moderate and severe periodontitis. The subgingival samples were collected from the periodontitis active sites and the detection of microorganisms was performed by end-point polymerase chain reaction analyses. The results revealed significantly higher detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia in all three groups of patients with periodontitis than in healthy participants. The highest detection rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans was noticed in CP, which was significantly higher than that in PA, NUP, and healthy control. The occurrence of EBV was significantly higher in NUP than in CP and healthy participants. CMV was detected significantly more frequently in PA and NUP than in CP and healthy participants. Comparisons among healthy participants and patients with moderate and severe periodontitis showed significantly higher detection rates of EBV and CMV in patients with severe forms of periodontitis than in healthy participants and those with moderate periodontitis.

Evaluation of the effects of 0.05% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily rinse on periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid HSV1 and CMV levels in patients with chronic periodontitis: a multicentric study

BackgroundMechanical debridement of periodontal pockets remains the mainstay of therapy in all forms of periodontitis. There is 47% greater reduction in plaque amount when sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used as an adjunct when compared with water rinsing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.05% NaOCl and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily rinse on periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) HSV1 and CMV levels in chronic periodontitis. MethodsPatients assigned to group A were prescribed 0.05% NaOCl mouthwash for twice daily rinse. Patients in group B were prescribed 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash to be used twice daily. Evaluation of periodontal parameters was done at baseline and after six months following therapy. GCF HSV1 and CMV levels were evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction. ResultsA statistically significant difference was noted in the improvement in periodontal parameters between both groups, when evaluated six months following therapy with greater reduction in group A vis-a-vis group B. ConclusionNaOCl when prescribed as a twice daily mouthwash can be recommended as a part of the home care regime in patients with chronic periodontitis. It is more cost-effective, easily available and can be beneficial to the troops in difficult terrains and extremes of climates, where oral healthcare facilities are not easily accessible.

Association between Tobacco Dependence and Tooth Loss among Patient Visiting Private Dental College And Hospital-A Cross-Sectional Study

Oral health contributes to personal wellbeing and quality of life. Use of tobacco in smoke or smokeless form is one of the driving reasons for global mortality. Also, it plays a major role in causing morbidity of major non- communicable diseases, including tooth morbidity in the form of periodontitis and tooth mortality. Therefore, the aim of the study is to find out the prevalence and association of nicotine dependence and tooth loss. A retrospective study was done using the case records of outpatients attending a private Dental College and Hospital. One month case records with a total of 100 case sheets of current smoker males were retrieved. Case sheets which recorded nicotine dependence using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of tooth loss were used for data analysis. Descriptive and chi-square association were the statistical tests done. Patients of age more than 45 (27%) have a lesser dependency for the tobacco of 22.2% when compared to 15 to 30 years (39%) have tobacco dependency of 50%. In between lies the age group of 30-35 years (34%) had tobacco dependency of (27.7%), and there was no statistically significant association between level of nicotine dependency and tooth loss (P&amp;gt;0.05). Patients with high nicotine dependency of age 15-30 years had minimum tooth loss than patients of age more than 45years with a low level of nicotine dependency.

Impacto da periodontite agressiva e da periodontite crônica na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal.

O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi investigar o efeito de diferentes formas de doenças periodontais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL). Foram incluídos 52 pacientes com Periodontite Agressiva (AP) ou Periodontite Crônica (PC): nove pacientes com Periodontite Agressiva Localizada (LAP), trinta e três pacientes com Periodontite Agressiva Generalizada (GAP) e dez pacientes com Periodontite Crônica Generalizada (GCP) . Os questionários de Perfil de Impacto na Saúde Oral (OHIP-14) foram distribuídos após um exame clínico que mediu os seguintes parâmetros periodontais: perda dentária, sangramento na sondagem (BoP), profundidade da sondagem (DP), recessão gengival (REC) e nível de inserção clínica (CAL) ) As médias globais da pontuação do OHIP-14 foram 10,6 para o LAP, 16,5 para o GAP e 17,5 para o GCP. Diferença estatisticamente significante (p &lt;0. 01) foi observado entre o grupo LAP e os outros dois grupos. Houve significativamente menos sangramento e recessão no grupo LAP do que nos pacientes com formas generalizadas de periodontite. LAP, GAP e GCP têm impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes quando medidos com o OHIP-14. Pacientes com GAP e GCP apresentaram pior QVRS que pacientes com LAP.

Chemokines and cytokines profile in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis

Clinical features suggest differences in immune response among periodontitis forms, albeit a large number of cytokines and chemokines remain to be evaluated. The saliva is an available source of mediators and its analysis would be valuable in order to understand pathophysiological differences. The objective of this study was analyze chemokines/cytokines profile in whole saliva of individuals with severe periodontitis (Stage III) presenting moderate [Grade B; GB] or rapid progression rate with a localized incisor-molar pattern [Grade C; GC/IMP]. A case-control study was designed for each periodontitis group. GB (n = 9) and GC/IMP (n = 7) patients and their healthy controls (C-GB, n = 9 and C-GC, n = 7) were evaluated. Non-stimulated saliva samples were assessed by a multiplex assay for a total of 40 cytokines, C-C and C-X-C motif chemokines. GC/IMP group presented higher levels of CCL17 and CCL27 (p = 0.04, FDR > 0.05), and lower levels of CCL2 (p = 0.04, FDR > 0.05) and CCL25 (p = 0.006, FDR < 0.05) when compared to its control. GB patients had higher levels of IL-6, IL-1β (p = 0.04, FDR > 0.05), and elevated pro-inflammatory (TNF-α,IL-1β,INF-γ,IL-6, IL-16): anti-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) ratio (p = 0.01, FDR < 0.05) compared to its control [p-values by Mann-Whitney test, and False Discovery Rate (FDR) by Benjamini-Hochburg corrections]. CCL-chemokines and cytokines contributed to differences between GC/C-GC and GB/C-GB, respectively (p < 0.05, PERMANOVA test). These preliminary data revealed that each periodontitis phenotype presented distinct immune profiles differentially expressed in saliva compared to their related controls, suggesting differences in the etiopathogenesis of GB and GC/IMP.

Periodontal Therapy of the Future—Many Challenges and Opportunities

Roughly 50% or more of the word population suffer from a form of periodontitis and about 750 million people suffer from a severe form (1). This number is higher than, for example, diabetes, which affects around 450 million adult patients (2). According to an estimate of WHO in 2018, the total number of people living within 5 years of cancer diagnosis, the so-called 5-year prevalence, is estimated at 43.8 million (3). In view of these figures, periodontitis is indeed an important topic. Especially if one considers the clinical connections with diabetes or other systemic diseases (4, 5). The prevention and therapy of this inflammatory disease, which is mostly caused by bacteria, must be intensified and intensively fought from a health policy perspective.

Association of oral health-related quality of life measures with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.

Evidence suggests that periodontitis has a negative effect on the quality of life of an individual, with increased impacts by greater disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between quality of life and the presence of different severity and forms of periodontitis (aggressive and chronic), compared to a disease-free control group. Four hundred and seventy one study participants were classified according to periodontal diagnosis using the 1999 Consensus Classification into chronic periodontitis (CP), aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy. Oral health-related quality of life was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire. Outcomes consisted of the prevalence of oral impacts reported occasionally, fairly often or very often (OFOVO) as well as fairly often or very often (FOVO), OHIP-14 total and domain scores. Logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out to test associations between periodontal diagnosis and quality of life outcomes, adjusted for smoking, age, ethnicity and body mass index. Over 90% of periodontitis patients reported at least one oral impact experienced occasionally, fairly often or very often (OFOVO) compared with 53.8% of periodontally healthy controls (P<.001). After adjustment for covariates, significant differences were found between the periodontitis groups and healthy controls for OHIP-14 outcome scores (P<.001) and across all of the OHIP-14 domains (P<.005). These differences were clinically meaningful as they were higher than the measurement errors. No significant differences were identified between AgP and CP in adjusted analysis when comparing OHIP-14 scores. Patients with periodontitis have worse quality of life than periodontally healthy individuals, with differences being clinically meaningful. AgP patients reported worse OHRQoL overall compared to CP patients, but these moderate and meaningful differences were explained through the adjustment process.

Qualitative anatomical restoration of the contact point of teeth – prevention of localized forms of periodontal diseases

Relevance. The restoration of a high-quality anatomical and functional contact point of teeth plays an important role in preventing the development of localized forms of periodontal disease.Purpose. Development of recommendations for qualitative anatomical restoration of the contact point of teeth for the prevention of localized forms of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. In our study, which consisted of pre-clinical and clinical stages, were analyzed 50 CT scan of the chewing group teeth calculated the ratio of approximal surfaces of molars and premolars to the width of their crowns and computer simulations of the results of restoration of contact point. We also conducted a comparative analysis of wedges of different material with different cross-sectional shapes. At the clinical stage, the restoration of the contact point of teeth in patients according to our recommendations was carried out.Results. On the basis of the data obtained during the study, a formula for calculating the height and size of the restored contact point was compiled. Recommendations for anatomical restoration of the contact point are formulated.Conclusion. The application of the recommendations developed by us allows anatomically qualitatively restore the contact point and prevent the development of localized periodontal diseases.

PERIODONT TISSUES STATUS AND FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE OF APICAL PERIODONTITIS OF PERMANENT TEETH WITH DISORDERS OF ROOT FORMATION AS A RESULT OF INJURY

Relevance. In childhood, traumatic tooth injuries are often found. Pulp necrosis occurs in 34,2 % of injured teeth, this causes damage to the periapical tissues. The post-traumatic complications (odontogenic cysts, periodontitis) in teeth with incomplete root formation often lead to a halt in root development. Chronic nidus of infection can be the cause of the somatic pathology development. This makes the early clinical and radiological diagnosis of post-traumatic complications important.&#x0D; Objective of the work is to study the clinical features of the post-traumatic periodontitis of permanent teeth with incomplete root formation of the tooth and to assess the condition of periodontal tissues in permanent teeth with impaired root formation as a result of trauma based on data from clinical and radiological studies.&#x0D; Materials and methods. On follow-up there were 17 children 9-15 years old with post-traumatic periodontitis of permanent teeth with incomplete formation of the root of the tooth. When making the diagnosis, we relied on data from clinical and radiological studies.&#x0D; Results. Most children complained of an aesthetic defect. 9 children (52,9 %) after an acute tooth injury did not seek the help of a dentist, аfter treatment of 8 children, dynamic observation was not conducted. In 76 % (13 teeth) periodontitis is diagnosed in teeth with a crown fracture within the enamel, enamel and dentin.&#x0D; It has been established that chronic granulating periodontitis is the most common form among destructive forms of periodontitis (12 teeth – 70,6%). Exacerbation of chronic granulating periodontitis diagnosed in 5 teeth. We did not ascertain chronic granulomatous periodontitis in teeth with incomplete root formation. The prevalence of the granulating form of chronic periodontitis in children is due to the histomorphological features of periodontal disease in childhood.&#x0D; 8 children, among the examined had a bite pathology – protrusion of the teeth of the front of the jaw (5 children) and a distal deep bite (3 children). In 71% of lesions, destructive forms of periodontitis were most often diagnosed in the maxillary incisors.&#x0D; Conclusion. Untimely seeking help and the lack of dynamic monitoring of injured teeth are the main reasons for the development of post-traumatic periodontitis. The clinical course of periodontitis is peculiar – chronic granulating periodontitis predominates, the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in childhood is characterized by rapidly progressive destruction of bone tissue. Malocclusion can be a risk factor for tooth injuries.

Comparative evaluation of expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factors) in periodontal tissues of healthy, chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: an immunohistochemical study

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascularized supporting tissues of the teeth. Angiogenesis (neovascularization) is the budding of new capillaries and is thought to be an essential process in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflamed tissues (such as gingiva coincident in periodontal disease) have evidence of enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, many of which can promote angiogenesis. Of the various cytokines and growth factors that are involved in angiogenesis, the most potent agent that acts specifically on vascular epithelium is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Even though angiogenesis is a prominent feature of both inflammation and healing, information about its role in periodontal lesions is limited. Hence the aim of the present study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of VEGF in the gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients compared to the healthy controls. The present study was carried out in a total of 45 subjects with age range of 18-55 years, reporting to the Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. Gingival tissue samples were collected from all the 45 subjects and categorized into three groups based on their clinical findings as follows: Group 1 (Healthy), Group II (Chronic Periodontitis), Group III (Aggressive Periodontitis). Following sample collection, immunohistochemical staining of tissues was carried out and evaluation was done to compare the grades of expression of VEGF in the three groups. The expression of VEGF in blood vessels was also quantitatively evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney test. There was a statistically significant higher expression of VEGF in both chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis group as compared to the control group. Aggressive periodontitis cases showed higher grades of expression of VEGF compared to the chronic periodontitis cases and healthy controls. However, the difference in expression of VEGF was not statistically significant between the two forms of periodontitis. The presence of VEGF in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis clearly indicates the potent role played by VEGF as an inflammatory agent in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Thus, VEGF might be used as a potential vascular marker for the assessment of severity and inflammatory status in periodontal disease.

Is sialic acid a promising marker for periodontal diseases?

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory chronic infections. Sialic acid (SA) is an acute phase reactant by itself. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between salivary and serum SA levels and clinical parameters in different forms of periodontal diseases. Systemically healthy subjects were included in the study; patients with chronic gingivitis (CG) (n = 10), chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 10), and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) (n = 10), and ten volunteers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Total SA levels were determined by Warren's thiobarbituric acid method in whole saliva, parotis saliva, and serum samples of subjects before and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Full mouth clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were also recorded. Before treatment, in both periodontitis groups salivary and serum SA levels were higher than those of controls (P = 0.001). Both salivary and serum SA levels decreased significantly in the patient groups after treatment (P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons of baseline clinical parameters in all groups revealed significant differences (P = 0.001) and these parameters decreased significantly on the 90th day (P < 0.01). There were positive correlations between SA levels and periodontal indices of the CG, CP, and AgP groups (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that SA level in both saliva and serum may be a potentially useful marker to determine inflammatory changes and investigate different forms of periodontal diseases.

A Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulation attenuates the pathogenic properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis and protects gingival keratinocyte barrier function in an in vitro model

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Porphyromonas gingivalis, a late colonizer of the periodontal biofilm, has been strongly associated with the chronic form of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulation (aqueous solution and dentifrice) on the pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis and the barrier function of an in vitro gingival epithelium model. Results The Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution and dentifrice inhibited the hemolytic and proteolytic activities of P. gingivalis. The Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution and dentifrice enhanced the barrier function of an in vitro gingival epithelium model as determined by a time-dependent increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and decrease in paracellular permeability. This was associated with an increased immunolabeling of two important tight junction proteins: zonula occludens-1 and occludin. The deleterious effects of P. gingivalis on keratinocyte barrier function as well as the ability of the bacterium to translocate through a gingival epithelium model were attenuated in the presence of either Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution or dentifrice. Conclusions The Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulation may offer benefits for patients affected by periodontal disease through its ability to attenuate the pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis and promote keratinocyte barrier function.

Применение витамина Д в стоматологии. Влияние витамина Д на течение генерализованных форм парадонтита

КГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения квалификации специалистов здравоохранения» министерства здравоохранения Хабаровского края проводит профессиональную переподготовку и повышение квалификации медицинских специалистов высшего и среднего звена, а также обучение в интернатуре, аспирантуре, ординатуре.

Radiation diagnostics of cervical invasive resorption and treatment planning according to cone beam computed tomography

Resorption of permanent tooth tissues is always a patho-logical process, the cause of which is not known, and an asymptomatic course in the early stages makes it difficult to diagnose. The pathogenesis of the disease and clini-cal and radiological prisms have been studied, as well as the main predisposing factors for the occurrence of re-sorption are known. Objective: timely detection of the disease by doctors in dental patients remains relevant. The purpose of this study is to find the possibility of early and accurate diagnosis of cervical invasive dental resorp-tion and to plan treatment based on the obtained data of targeted cone-beam computed tomography. Mate-rial and metods: data from outpatient records of dental patients with detected dental resorption. We analyzed cases of cervical invasive resorption in 67 patients. When applying, patients complained about the condition of the causal tooth with diagnosed resorption only in isolated cases, and the diagnosis was made according to compu-ter tomography. Cone beam computed tomography was also the only method that allowed determining the entry point of cervical and invasive resorption, and with this in mind, planning the location of the dosupa for treatment. Diagnostics of resorption is based mainly on x-ray me-thods, and mainly on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Results: complaints about teeth related to resorption were made by only 11.9% of patients out of the total number of people who were diagnosed with cervical invasive resorption. Complaints related to issues of various discomfort due to the presence of defects, dis-coloritis of the teeth, pain in the area of the causal tooth was indicated by 2 people. 67.2% of patients were diag-nosed with various clinical forms of periodontitis. 26.9% are undergoing or were undergoing orthodontic treat-ment. 7.5% of the subjects had a history of dental trauma. The average age: in the group of men was 39.4 years, in women — 42.9 years. The entry point of cervical invasive resorption was most often determined in the incisors and canines of the upper and lower jaw. The localization of the entry point was most often determined on the ves-tibular surface of the teeth in 31.1%, on the oral surface in 35.6%, on the approximal surfaces in 26.7%. the Asymp-tomatic course of CIR suggests the priority of using mo-dern methods of full-fledged informative high-tech x-ray examination of dental patients, in particular, CLCT. The ability to determine the localization of the resorption en-try point according to CLCT data, allows you to plan sur-gery for treatment. Conclusion: the developed standard for examination of patients using cone-beam computed tomography makes it possible to diagnose early cervical invasive resorption when drawing up a treatment plan for a primary patient and in all cases planning primary or re-peated endodontic treatment.