Abstract
The development and course of periodontal disease in young people is characterized by sluggish clinical symptoms, and at the initial stage are asymptomatic, which greatly complicates its timely diagnosis. Therefore, it is especially important to find methods of early diagnosis and prediction of periodontal disease, which will allow for a rational comprehensive prevention. Among the causes of periodontal disease, the main role belongs to the microorganisms of dental plaque, which has important diagnostic value.The aim of the study. To investigate the composition of mixed microcultures of subgingival plaque bacteria in young people with different nosological forms of periodontal disease and to assess the degree of influence of microbial factors on the development of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. The state of microbiocenosis in the subgingival zone in 104 people with periodontal disease and in 94 people with intact periodontal tissues were studied. To assess the severity of the influence of the types of selected microcultures of the subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people, the method of alternative sequential analysis of Wald and Bayes’s formula was used.Results. With the development of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in most cases revealed cultures characterized by the presence of polymorphic gram-negative bacteria that developed, fixed on the solid phase, and in the liquid phase contained coccal microflora (53.01±5.48 %). During the development of generalized periodontitis, an increasing number of microcultures with a predominance of gram-negative microflora with pronounced adhesive properties was detected, which led to the development of these microcultures on the solid phase (61,9±10,6 %). The calculation of prognostic coefficients showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease (+7.46).Conclusions. With the development of the pathological process in periodontal tissues, the state of the microflora changed in the direction of increasing gram-negative polymorphic microflora with pronounced adhesive properties that are capable of aggregation (up to 53.01 % in patients with catarrhal gingivitis, up to 90,48 % – with generalized periodontitis). The result of calculation of the severity of isolated types of microcultures from subgingival zone on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young people showed that the presence of microcultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and cocci were highly important in terms of the development of periodontal disease
Highlights
Periodontal diseases are one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity [1,2,3]
It was established that the species composition of mixed bacteria microcultures of subgingival dental plaque depends on the nosological form of periodontal disease (Table 1)
In the isolated microcultures in individuals with intact periodontal tissues prevailed coccal flora with a small number of gram-negative bacterias in the planktonic phase (93.62±2.52 %) and in singles cases there were cultures that developed in the planktonic phase, but contained coccal microflora and gramnegative and cocci (6.38±2.52 %)
Summary
Periodontal diseases are one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity [1,2,3]. The development and course of periodontal disease in young people are characterized by sluggish clinical symptoms, and are asymptomatic in the initial stage, which greatly complicates its diagnostic and leads to late referral of patients to the dentist [1, 2, 4]. Periodontal diseases are considered as a pathological process caused by complex of bacterial agents, because of contravention of homeostasis between the subgingival microflora and the protective mechanisms of the body. Based on the research was formulated “The ecological hypothesis of dental plaque” as a basis of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease [5]. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease includes complicated relationship of etiological agents of dental plaque agents and different genetic and environmental risk factors, and their occurrence is often unpredictable [6]. The mechanism, which underlying in the basis of this dystrophic-inflammatory process includes both direct damage of periodontal tissues by microorganisms of bacterial plaque and indirect damage by bacterial induction of the host, inflammatory and immune reactions [6]
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