Form Of Exchange Research Articles

Beauty and status: Matching and exchange within Chinese marriages

Status exchange in marriage refers to a marriage pattern in which one spouse compensates for his or her disadvantage in one status area relative to the other spouse with an advantage in another. Two prominent examples of marriage exchange discussed in the existing literature are race–status exchange and beauty–status exchange. Although the marriage exchange theory is well supported by early studies, in recent years, its applicability has been questioned by some scholars. Protracted debates on the topic in question were launched in two top sociological journals, the American Sociological Review and the American Journal of Sociology. This study reviews these debates and offers an in-depth theoretical investigation into the relationship between matching and exchange, and the premise of marriage exchange theory. In addition, we collect and analyze the data from the five waves of the China Family Panel Studies (2010–2018) on beauty–status exchanges and other forms of marriage exchanges in China. We found little evidence of beauty–status exchanges in Chinese marriages and even the well-assumed exchange of “woman's beauty for man's talent” lacks sound empirical support. However, there are ample evidences of exchanges among the four status factors of education, occupation, income, and family background. As indicators of socioeconomic status, these four variables are homogeneous in nature, and therefore can more easily substitute for one another. We argue that the validity of marriage exchange theory depends on the similarity or substitutability between the elements in exchange. Thus, we can neither completely accept nor reject the marriage exchange theory.

Optimized Connection Control Library in Multi-tier Systems

The Connection Util library is designed to enhance the performance and efficiency of establishing and managing connections to different data sources or external systems within software applications. Such libraries are essential in programming for handling various types of connections, including those to databases, queues, and other forms of data exchange. This library is adept at managing different connection types, controlling the number of connections to a data source, and facilitating connections for asynchronous messaging and queuing systems using Java Messaging Service (JMS) or libraries for message brokers like IBM message queues.

Research of mutual perception of the Republic of Korea and Russia in the period 2016-2021

The study of the mutual perception of Korea and Russia can be considered an important form of cultural exchange for understanding the perception of the people and culture of another country. In addition, this project explores obstacles to the development of bilateral relations and possible points of contact for cooperation, that helps to determine the direction for strengthening the strategic partnership. This article is based on the results of the 2021 study, with particular attention to the differences in perceptions of the peoples of both countries and its changes since 2016.
 Koreans still associate Russia with images of the past - the Soviet Union, a communist country, and communism. Russians associate South Korea with modern concepts such as the development of industry and technology and Korean culture. Both peoples express a desire to visit another country, while the interest in culture is slightly higher among Russians.
 There are no significant changes in the perception of Koreans in bilateral relations. The proportion of Korean respondents expressing a positive attitude towards political cooperation has slightly decreased, positive sentiments can also be observed in relation to cooperation in the economic sphere. There are also no significant changes in Russians' perception of relations between the two countries. The proportion of those who positively assess the prospects for current bilateral relations has slightly decreased, just like the Koreans, the Russians have a positive attitude towards economic cooperation.
 As the analysis of the survey results showed, cooperation between South Korea and the United States as allies and confrontation between Russia and the United States is the main obstacle to the development of relations between Russia and Korea. Foreign policy problems remain a decisive factor in the development of cooperation. Thus, in public opinion, a practical and effective way to develop bilateral relations can be an exchange in the field of economy, medicine, tourism and culture at the level of the private sector and local authorities, rather than political and diplomatic cooperation at the state level.

LEGO and the Infrastructural Limits of Open Play

LEGO and the Infrastructural Limits of Open Play

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Competence and Entrepreneurial Knowledge on Business Success in Msmes in Madiun City

The economic sector is a sector that is currently growing rapidly. Many business people have built their own businesses, both formal and informal businesses, one of which is MSMEs which play a role in increasing the country's income in the form of foreign exchange. East Java is a province with a growing economic performance that is superior to other provinces on the island of Java. Madiun City is also a developing city in the East Java region so that the development of MSMEs in Madiun City from year to year is sure to experience rapid growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of Entrepreneurial Competence and Entrepreneurship Knowledge on Business Success in MSMEs in Madiun City. The subjects in this study were business actors in the food and beverage business in Madiun City, totaling 30 business actors and using 30 samples determined by the saturated sampling method. This research uses quantitative methods with SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square) analysis techniques. This study concludes that the results of hypothesis testing show a significant and positive effect between entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial knowledge on business success. This means that the entrepreneurial competency level of MSME actors regarding business success is getting better so that they can manage their potential into opportunities and can be developed in the future.

Translating transactions: Markets as epistemic and moral spheres

AbstractIn this Modern Asian Studies book symposium, scholars of South Asia analyse the political, ethical, and epistemic aspects of market life. They build on the 2020 Cambridge volume, Rethinking Markets in Modern India: Embedded Exchange and Contested Jurisdiction, edited by Ajay Gandhi, Barbara Harriss-White, Douglas Haynes, and Sebastian Schwecke. This interdisciplinary conversation approaches transactional realms from the disciplines of history, anthropology, development studies, and political economy. The symposium’s contributors examine a range of pertinent issues that encompass customary forms of exchange and capitalist aspects of trade. Among the topics discussed are those of market fetishism, bazaar knowledge, social embeddedness, forms of transactional representation and translation, and institutional and regulatory contexts for commerce.

The entanglements of exchange in India

AbstractIn this Modern Asian Studies book symposium, scholars of South Asia analyse the political, ethical, and epistemic aspects of market life, building on the volume Rethinking Markets in Modern India.1 This interdisciplinary conversation approaches transactional realms from the disciplines of history, anthropology, development studies, and political economy. The symposium’s contributors examine a range of pertinent issues that encompass customary forms of exchange and capitalist aspects of trade. Among the topics discussed are those of market fetishism, bazaar knowledge, social embeddedness, forms of transactional representation and translation, and institutional and regulatory contexts for commerce.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOPI INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

Coffee is a strategic plantation commodity for the Indonesian economy. The strategic value of coffee lies in the large contribution that coffee makes to state revenues, especially in the form of foreign exchange. This research is a type of quantitative research using secondary data. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative advantages of coffee commodities, coffee export performance and international coffee trade conditions. The results of the study show that: 1) Indonesia has a comparative advantage over coffee. This is shown by the average RCA value in the 2017–2021 period which is above 1 (one) of 1.86. 2) Indonesia can seize the export market for coffee commodities or Indonesia's position will get stronger in the export market in 2017 and 2019. 3) In the 2017-2021 period, Indonesia has strong competitiveness or Indonesia tends to be an exporting country of coffee commodities because the average -the average positive ISP score is 0.879 and Indonesia is in the export stage.

Yankees in the Indian Ocean: American Commerce and Whaling, 1786–1860 by Jane Hooper (review)

Reviewed by: Yankees in the Indian Ocean: American Commerce and Whaling, 1786–1860 by Jane Hooper Nancy Shoemaker (bio) Keywords Whaling, Maritime history, Indian Ocean, Commerce, Trade Yankees in the Indian Ocean: American Commerce and Whaling, 1786–1860. By Jane Hooper. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2022. Pp. 247. Cloth, $90.00.) In Yankees in the Indian Ocean, Jane Hooper explores the Indian Ocean from the vantage point of American merchants, sea captains, sailors, and whalemen. This is a timely addition to the historiography since the last [End Page 344] decade has seen rising interest in the topic of the early republic United States in a global context, and as Hooper observes, American activities in the Indian Ocean have not received the same amount of attention as they have in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Using mainly mariners' memoirs, journals, and logbooks along with U.S. consul records and newspapers, Hooper tackles a variety of topics in her six chapters: the earliest American whaling voyages to the Indian Ocean in the 1790s; Salem merchants' trade in hides, tallow, dried beef, gum copal, tortoise shell, and ivory in exchange for cotton cloth in the 1820s and 1830s; the several hundred American whaleships frequenting Saint Augustin Bay in the 1830s and 1840s, which includes a lengthy discussion of the sex trade; how maritime work allowed for the development of tourism centered on exotic landscapes; the environmental consequences of extractive industries and mariners' demands for food, water, and fuel; and how, as in the Atlantic, Americans in the mid-century Indian Ocean made no declamations against the slave trade amid British efforts to extinguish it. One of the book's strengths is its coverage of both whaling and commerce. Hooper incisively illuminates how American mariners conducted these businesses in different ways. Salem's merchant vessels operated out of larger ports, used money as their form of exchange, and developed networks that relied on an ethnically diverse trade diaspora of Arabs, Indians (South Asian Indians), and resident Americans who acted as middlemen. These middlemen accumulated trade goods from the African interior and, in the case of one Salem merchant, even ran a slaughterhouse to stockpile cargos of hides and tallow. In contrast, whaling ships acted more like hit-and-run vehicles, stopping at thinly populated islands and coasts to barter for food, water, firewood, and sex with bits of manufactured cloth, iron hoops, and trinkets. The same vessel or captain might return months or years later, but whalemen did not have to develop relationships to get what they wanted. Consequently, they also sparked more incidents of violence than did the more fixed commercial outposts favored by Salem merchants. Since most historians seem to specialize within the maritime trades—some focusing on whaling, some on commerce, others on fishing or the Navy—Hooper's consideration of two industries and their overlapping yet varying routes and practices illustrates the value of such comparative treatments. Another thought-provoking observation is Hooper's distinction between the environmental impacts of formal European colonialism and the [End Page 345] informal, or purely economic, colonialism practiced by Americans in the first half of the nineteenth century. Pointing to botanic gardens in French and British colonies, where these empires grew merchandisable plants such as coffee and cinnamon, Hooper casts informal colonialism as more damaging to the environment since whaling, fishing, cutting wood for firewood, and demanding food provisions from local communities had no undergirding of a conservation, or sustainable use, ethic. Hooper's intention to spotlight this one corner of the world is thus a worthy endeavor but proves to be not as enlightening as one might expect—for two reasons. First, anyone who has read Brian Rouleau's With Sails Whitening Every Sea: Mariners and the Making of an American Maritime Empire (Ithaca, NY, 2014) or is otherwise acquainted with whaling history and maritime trade in the 1790–1860 period will wonder what we gain by Hooper's focus on the Indian Ocean. Her rationale is that this is her area of specialization. She does not claim that the Indian Ocean offers an analytical lens revealing new insights into U.S. history. Indeed, her description of American mariners in the Indian...

О взаимном признании результатов таможенного контроля в рамках таможенного сотрудничества России и Монголии

The article discusses the current mechanism of customs cooperation between the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation and the Main Customs Administration of Mongolia in terms of mutual recognition of the results of customs control. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts regulating the interaction of customs administrations of countries, the list of goods to which mutual recognition of the results of customs control is applicable was systematized, the peculiarities of conducting control operations and the form of information exchange carried out within the framework of cooperation were determined. Areas of interaction that require additional regulatory support and improvement have been identified.

States of faḍl or stating faḍl: On the value of indebtedness for Iraqi exiles in Jordan

ABSTRACTA condition of excess characterizes Iraqi exiles' everyday life in Jordan: excesses of waiting and anticipation, bureaucratic work, and aspirations for future benevolent governance. To grapple with this excess, they have had to develop strategies that render their lives in exile more manageable. Despite being hosted as “guests” of the Hashemite monarchy—an ambitious status evoking notions of pan‐Arab solidarity and Arab traditions of hospitality—this status does not guarantee or grant them access to substantive citizenship rights. In light of this, Iraqi exiles who arrived in Jordan following the US‐led invasion of Iraq in 2003 have often found themselves dependent on potentially injurious ways to navigate their presence. One of these strategies are relations and practices of faḍl, a form of exchange governed by a foreclosure of reciprocity and necessity of public recognition. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among what I refer to as the Iraqi exilic milieu in Jordan, this article examines how, in the absence and denial of expected forms of exchange, the circulation of stately faḍl and its cooptation by ordinary people articulate new notions and practices of valuable yet nevertheless wounding citizenship.

The Indication of Ethnic Blending During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279)

During the Southern Song Dynasty, a number of regimes established by minor ethnicities developed and emerged. Politics, economy, literature, and other aspects of coexistence showed interactions between diverse nations. For example, the ethnicities accepted Chinese characters despite their own language and produced beautiful literary works. The Legal Trade Market and Tea Horse Trade were also active forms of economic exchange. By revealing the phenomena of these interactions, this essay casts a glimpse into the ethnic blending back to the Southern Song Dynasty.

PERSONAL AGRARIAN EXCHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY

The last two years (before the war started) was totally dominated by the pandemic. A new virus, no drugs, no treatment, no knowledge on proper administrative measures, various controversial opinions. The result – high level of uncertainty. It was a unique economic situation. Only one factor – uncertainty changed, other remained relatively stable. Something like Economics in a lab. At that time, we started our study on business reactions in high uncertainty. Here we present some results for farming sector. Especially in a case of farmers used mainly personal form of agrarian exchange

On Schleiermacher's Translation Method based on Hermeneutics and Example Analysis

Schleiermacher's model is the foreignization translation method and domestication translation method based on hermeneutics, and Schleiermacher himself pays attention to the heterogeneity of the original text and foreignization. The foreignizing translation method has brought great inspiration to the cultural school of translation studies, and Schleiermacher also holds an extremely important position in the history of Western translation. Translation is the process of translating the meaning of one text into another language, just as the original author transforms their thoughts into words. From a cultural perspective, translation is not only a transformation of language symbols, but also a form of cultural exchange. As one of the ancient works in China, "The Doctrine of the Mean" is renowned for its profound ideological connotations, and the role played by translation is indelible. To conduct translation activities, the first step is to clarify the translation purpose. Different translators have different translation purposes and have different understandings and interpretations of the text due to differences in knowledge and experience. This paper discusses Schleiermacher's translation method from the perspective of hermeneutics, and based on this, conducts case analysis to understand its application in translation.

Populating the science-policy co-production space: academic and policymaker perspectives on knowledge exchange

ABSTRACT In this paper, we seek to provide a fresh perspective on knowledge exchange by addressing both academics’ and policymakers’ experiences with such exchange. Through two large Norwegian surveys of academics and policymakers, we look at the characteristics of the academics that are engaged in various forms of knowledge exchange with policymakers – and vice versa – as well as the channels and mechanisms of knowledge exchange seen from both sides. Through comparing the patterns that emerge in the two studies, we discuss how this exchange arena, which we conceptualise as a ‘co-production space’ involves a small number of individuals with similar experiences and practices that set them apart from their peers.

Chemically Catalyzed Phytoextraction for Sustainable Cleanup of Soil Lead Contamination in a Community Garden in Jersey City, New Jersey

Soil lead (Pb) contamination in Pb paint-contaminated homes is a serious health risk in urban areas. Phytoextraction is a green and sustainable technology for soil Pb remediation, but its efficiency depends on the geochemical partitioning of Pb in soil. Following successful laboratory, greenhouse, and panel experiments, a field study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemically catalyzed phytoextraction model for Pb removal. A biodegradable chelating agent, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) was applied during Pb phytoextraction by vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in a Pb-contaminated community garden in Jersey City, New Jersey. Results showed that soil Pb concentration was reduced from 1144 to 359 mg/kg in 3 years, despite ongoing Pb input to the field plots from a nearby construction site. EDDS was effective in converting non-plant-available forms of Pb (i.e., carbonate-bound, oxide-bound, and organic-bound forms) to plant-available forms (i.e., water-soluble and exchangeable forms). With EDDS application, vetiver roots accumulated 532, 231, and 401 mg/kg of Pb in Years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, which were higher than the values obtained without EDDS applications (228, 154, and 214 mg/kg). This field study demonstrated the effectiveness of a chemically catalyzed phytoextraction model for Pb removal from urban soils.

“Coopetition” in the presence of team and individual incentives: Evidence from the advice network of a sales organization

Team and individual incentives are ubiquitous in sales, but little is known about their impact on collaboration when they are applied simultaneously. The presence of both types of incentives creates a “coopetitive” environment, where forces of collaboration and competition coexist. We examine how such environments impact the likelihood (Study 1) and the effectiveness (Study 2) of collaboration in the form of advice exchange. Exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) of network data of 540 salespeople reveals that individual incentives promote advice seeking but discourage advice giving, and team incentives stimulate advice giving but reduce advice seeking (Study 1). We also find that the effectiveness of advice depends on advice givers (Study 2). In particular, when advice givers have diverse team incentives, the advice is more effective and the need for additional advice is reduced, but when advice givers have diverse individual incentives, the advice is less effective and additional advice helps.

Experimentation on Fabrication of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Abstract: A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment designed to transfer heat from one medium to another efficiently. It relies on the conduction, convection, and radiation principles with fluids flowing against one another. There are many other forms of heat exchange, but we choose the double pipe heat exchanger since it has two pipes (outer pipe with cold fluid and inner pipe with hot fluid). The goal is to maximize the rate of heat transfer while monitoring the mass flow rates of the two fluids. In order to achieve this, we placed washers between the outer and inner pipes at a certain distance, which would lower the speed of the cold fluid and increase the efficiency of the heat transfer rate. They are extensively utilized in power plants, chemical and petrochemical facilities, oil refineries, sewage treatment facilities, air conditioning, refrigeration, and space heating systems. A heat exchanger is most commonly seen in internal combustion engines, where engine coolant circulates through radiator coils as air passes by, cooling the coolant and heating the incoming air.

Propaganda Fide dan Kebijakan Tentang Imam Diosesan di Wilayah Misi dalam Instruksi La Missione Universale

Diocesan priests’ moving or transferring abroad - at any motives – will affect both positively or negatively to the diocese they leave. Human mobility which is supported by the nowadays advanced and varied transportation facilities, enabling the greater possibility of this mobility. This research is discussing on the instruction of the Propaganda Fide entitled La Missione Universale issued issued on April 25, 2001, which regulates the diocesan priests’ mobility. Through the legal research method, with a juridical-normative approach, this study aims to analyse the degree of legal synchronisation between the instruction and the laws above it. It also analyses the legal synchronisation between the instruction and its implementation at a lower level, namely the follow-up by the Italian Bishops' Conference in the form of agreement document. The research shows that the instruction is corresponding to the laws above it, and its implementation at the diocesan level is in line with the instruction above it. Previously, the moving abroad of a diocesan priest is seen from negative side of the disciplinary point of view only. The instruction now puts it positively in a broader context, that is, in the frame of missionary collaboration and communion among particular Churches. Inter-diocesan co-operation in the form of exchange of priests for a specific pastoral ministry is an effective means to carry out the missionary mandate of the Church. The inter-diocesan collaboration of the priest exchange for a special pastoral service is an effective means to undergo the mission of the Church.

BDSM and total power exchange: Between inclusion and exclusion

In recent decades, BDSM as a form of power exchange has gained partial recognition and social inclusion in the public sphere. The inclusive process comes with the price of excluding concrete behaviors and thought patterns that are considered dangerous and pathological. This exclusion/inclusion process is conducted in the framework of the production of consensual biopolitical knowledge and in the context of the normalization of sex. Under these conditions, the total power exchange master/slave relationship, which is realized through a full-time power exchange encounter, suffers from the exclusion mechanism, as it is incompatible with the inclusive reason. In the course of this paper, I will examine the exclusion process of the master/slave total power exchange under the constitutive mechanism of the BDSM discursive rules in order to expose a new form of thinking and behavior that challenges the biopower reason, while simultaneously operating within its limitations.