Formation Of Economic Relations Research Articles

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY-TYPE HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL AREAS

The article considers urgent issues of regulation of the agricultural production development based on the use of provisions of the theory of institutionalism in the administrative process. The author defines on a systematic basis the essence, content and position of the theory of institutionalism in the formation of agrarian relations in the rural area, emphasizes the dominant human role in the formation of extended economic reproduction as a factor of the growth of production and formation of human potential in rural areas. The practical content of institutionalism is based on the development of rules and codes of conduct in a market environment for family commodity producers, which can be conducive to extended economic reproduction. The object of the study is the process of functioning of small agribusiness in rural areas. The subject of the study is a set of managerial, economic and legal aspects that comprise institutional content of the development of small businesses in rural areas. Methodological basis of this publication is the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists on the specified problems, which reveal the essence of the above-defined economic theory and its influence on the nature of modern economic relations in the rural areas. The objectives set in the article have been solved from the standpoint of a systematic approach and the use of the following methods: monograph – to study and summarize the scientific and methodological foundations of the theory of institutionalism; abstract-logical – develop and specify the categorical apparatus of research and formulation of conclusions; graphic – to establish the structural elements of the category “institutes” and “institutions”; peer review – to determine the motivation for choosing a form of business. Scientific works on the specified problems by well-known foreign scientists W. Hamilton, T. Veblen, R. Cruz, D. Nart, M. Olsen and domestic scientists V. Heets, H. Kaletnik , M. Malin, A. Mazur, O. Shpykuliak, etc. who study this problem are used in this research. On the basis of scientific research, the author has formed a scientific paradigm as a synthesis of hypotheses and theories that investigates structural changes in unstable economic systems. He refers the environment to the main elements of institutional theory, e.g. norms and rules of living in the rural area; property rights; economic entities of business activity; contractual terms and market transformations in the land system; production efficiency; quality of management: the degree of trust in society; transaction costs, etc. The study emphasizes that the essence of institutional theory is based on the content of the conceptual apparatus, which makes it possible to reveal the mechanisms of functioning and interaction of institutions in the agrarian economy. The author argues that “institutions” are rules of the game in society, or thought-out restrictions that direct human activity in a particular direction. They influence the socio-economic processes as traditions, social individual norms of the organizational structure of the enterprise, etc. In other words, they structure human and organizational interaction coordinating exchanges within the achievement of agricultural production efficiency. Practical activity on the formation of institutional environment in the rural area is based on maximizing the possibility of developing a family type of business. In particular, the main priorities of the state agricultural policy should be creation of conditions for realization and protection of rural people’s rights to land and formation of market relations in the rural area. In our opinion, a priority direction of the institutional support of business entities in rural areas is the development and implementation of state and regional programs of integrated development of rural areas, improvement of state support of the enterprise development. The study of the foundations of institutionalism as an economic theory and practice of economic activity lets us conclude that it is advisable to introduce this concept as a form of economic relations in the system of small-scale agricultural production.

Dinâmica da agroindústria familiar: estratégia de reprodução social e econômica da agricultura familiar

The aim of the article is to identify how the family agroindustry contributes as a strategy for the reproduction and strengthening of family agriculture. The research design consisted of bibliographical research. It was identified that the family agro-industry starts to generate income and work for the familiar components, providing socioeconomic sustainability. In relation to marketing, they create the market for their products at the local level using social, friendship and relatives ties. They also provide the valuation and preservation of cultural habits, stimulation of social proximity (producer-consumer) and appreciation of local specificities. Agribusiness can be considered a countermovement of family agriculture in the quest for survival centered on other forms of economic relations more just and coherent for producers and consumers, being established as a strategy of reproduction and strengthening of family agriculture.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET AND THE PROMOTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

Topicality. The agro-industrial complex is one of the budget-filling branches of the national economy, the share of which in the consolidated budget of Ukraine in recent years is an average of 12%, and in the export structure - more than a third. The agrarian sector is part of the country's overall economic system and is linked to other sectors of the economy through complex multilateral relations. Stimulation of integration activities in the agrarian sector has a positive effect on the development of the industry. In turn, Ukraine's integration into the institutions of the world community is to create a favorable precedent, a new form of economic relations for a higher level of development. An agricultural enterprise is characterized by a mismatch of interests of agricultural producers with processors and other suppliers. Integration is to create conditions for mutual assistance for enterprises on the basis of agreed principles of beneficial relations (pricing, technological assistance at home) and coherence of interests .Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the conceptual framework for regulating the economic development of the agricultural market infrastructure and stimulate agricultural production, for example, local producers, their possibilities for geographical certification / identification and establishing links with organizations that support the work of these producers locally. Certified local eco-products can have an impact on the development of local businesses and influence other products, namely: increase their value, strengthen integration in rural areas and increase the cost of local resources. The task is also to reflect the real state and identify the problems of the agrarian sector development, stimulate the agro-industrial production in Ukraine , the definition of the competitiveness of products, the functioning of the infrastructure of the agrarian market. The methods of scientific research are used: the dialectical method of knowledge of the effect of economic laws, statistical and comparative analysis .Results. The conceptual principles of regulation of the economic development of the infrastructure of the agrarian market and stimulation of agro-industrial production, on the example of local producers, their possibilities for geographical certification / identification and establishment of connections with the organizations supporting the work of these producers at the local level are considered. The author's interpretation of the agro-food market as the system of institutions and economic relations providing the processes of production in the agrarian sector, exchange, sale and consumption of food products is presented. The issues of agrarian production that are solving a complex of problems of social and ecological nature are studied, since the domination of only economic interests causes irreparable damage to the environment, affects the quality of life of citizens, indirectly reduces the level of food security of the country and, as a result, destroys the national security of the state. The theoretical and methodological principles of sustainable development concept are systematized taking into account the peculiarities of its branch implementation.Conclusions. In order to improve the development of the infrastructure and the functioning of the agrarian sector in the production of products, these surveys serve as a benchmark for the adoption of managerial decisions regarding the directions of increasing production and the competitiveness of agro-industrial products. The Institute for Certification of Local Eco-Products will influence the development of organic production, increase the value of such products, increase integration in rural areas and increase the cost of eco-products.

ACCOUNTING OF RESULTS OF RENT RELATIONS

In the conditions of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, the study of accounting reflection of the results of rent relations becomes relevant in view of solving a number of strategic tasks that today face economic entities. The solution to this problem is proposed on the basis of the definition in the system of accounting concepts of economic nature of results of rent relations arising owing to the involvement of renting factors in the economic process. The purpose of the research is to determine the formulation of proposals for the accounting reflection of the results of rental relations. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and logical method used to study the evolution of rent and approaches to the disclosure of its economic meaning. The dialectical method and comparative analysis are used to identify significant differences in the definition of rent, formed at different stages and forms of economic relations. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization, and generalization are used to identify the results of rent relations in the system of accounting concepts and the formulation of proposals for accounting rent and rent payments. Scientific results. Based on the critical assessment of the plurality of researchers’ opinions regarding the disclosure of the economic content of the rent, it has been established that: the rent is an integral part of the value added, but the added value in the accounting system is not accounted; the rent is a component of the income from operating activities carried out with the use or exploitation of limited natural resources; the complication of the previous value appraisal of rent makes it impossible to reflect it as a part of income; the amount of rent depends on the demand for the goods. If the product is sold at cost or below the cost, there will be no rent. The higher the sales price, the greater the share of rent in sales income. Taking into account the above, the rent as an income from the extraction/use of natural resources, as well as the use of other renting factors, is proposed to be reflected on the off-balance sheet account “Rent” with the allocation of sub-accounts by type of economic rent received. Rent payments are proposed to be attributed to operating expenses since their inclusion in production costs contradicts the economic nature of such costs, unjustifiably increases the prime cost, and contradicts the principle of equitable distribution of rent. The practical importance of the study is to increase the level of disclosure of information for making managerial decisions, in particular: determining the maximum allowable reduction in the price of sales of finished products, while maintaining an acceptable level of profitability for increasing demand, expanding the market and, consequently, increasing profits; directing the entire amount of rent or its part to the implementation of environmental measures, modernization of the material and technical base, activation of innovation activities, etc. Value/originality. The main advantages of the research conducted are the determination of the subject and object composition of rental relations, justification of the expediency of identifying the economic rent as an additional income, presenting proposals for the accounting of rent and rent payments, which will help to solve problems of the organization and methodology of the results of rent relations, as well as improving the reporting of economic entities.

ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ЗЕРНОПРОДУКТОВОГО ПОДКОМПЛЕКСА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ЭМБАРГО

In modern conditions of management, the Russian grain-based subcomplex functions in a new economic situation, this is facilitated by the introduction of international sanctions, Russia’s retaliatory embargo on food imports, the formation of strategic tasks of integration associations of the Eurasian Economic Union. Systemic problems, that arose in the early 1990 years in agro-food complexes and “overgrown” in the new century, remain unresolved. The most important are the low level of profitability of agricultural producers, a large number of intermediaries in the distribution process, the poor condition of the material and technical base of infrastructure enterprises, the underutilization of production capacities, the stagnation of domestic machinery for food, industry and agriculture, and low subsidies to agricultural producers by the state. At present, the form of economic relations between agricultural producers, storage organizations, processing, trade, intermediaries and infrastructure links, firstly, does not promote the achievement of synergy, sustainable management and competitiveness of products, and secondly, it does not ensure proper interaction between production and distribution of functional processes in the implementation of import substitution strategies in the agro-food sector. The solution of these and many other problematic issues in the development of the grain product subcomplex and, consequently, its adaptation to the new economic conditions require the development of a number of theoretical, methodological, analytical and practical provisions of the new “policy” in the field of functioning of agro-industrial subjects.

E-commerce as a form of economic relationships of entrepreneurship subjects in the network economy

Introduction. In the context of the formation of the information society and the use of ICT, the functioning of the economy is largely provided by the global Internet network, and business transactions become electronic. There is the formation of the so-called "network economy", and as a result of network economic relations, leads to the emergence of new forms of sales of goods – e-commerce, which begins to displace traditional trade. There is a formation of a new form of trade and economic relations of economic entities - e-commerce.
 Aim and tasks. The article deals with the role and functions of e-commerce as a new form of economic relations of economic entities in the conditions of formation and development of a network economy.
 Research results. As a result of the study, it has been determined that, changing the entire system of economic relations between business entities, e-commerce plays a stimulating role: it increases the innovation of national economies, since such commerce is carried out at the expense of the comprehensive application of ICT; expands the scope of traditional international trade, and attracts more and more consumers; contributes to the development of a new form of economic relations – the economy of general consumption, which has a significant positive external effect for society.
 In Ukraine, the e-commerce market is still in the formation stage, showing high growth rates. At the same time, an imperfect legal framework for such a form of economic ties is an obstacle to its further development. Experience in developed countries shows that the economic and social impact of e-commerce development can only be achieved if the competitive and institutional environment is favorable.
 Conclusions. Influence of information and communication technologies on global changes in the forms of economic relations is reflected in the processes of informatization and digitalization of all spheres of national economies, including trade and economic relations. There is a new form of trade and economic relations of business entities - the market of e-commerce. This kind of commerce becomes possible under the conditions of functioning of the so-called "network economy", within which the commercial activity is carried out with the use of the global information network - the Internet.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ В АГРАРНОМУ СЕКТОРІ УКРАЇНИ

The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of maximizing the profit from the sale of the leading products of plant origin in the agrarian market of cereals — wheat, corn and barley with EU countries. With the further determination of the optimal amount of national consumption, exports, and imports. At the heart of the article is the modernization of the optimization model, which was derived by M. L. Vdovin in the paper “Mathematical modeling in the management of export and import operations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe”. To be precise, its adaptation to the agrarian sector of Ukraine. By optimizing the agrarian sector, it is possible to increase the competitiveness of agricultural production, which is extremely important, because the degree of development of the national economy depends to a certain extent on the ability to use the available resources of the country as efficiently as possible and allows for greater advantages in foreign trade operations that ensure the long-term economic growth of the national economy. The forecast is for 2018 and 2019, taking into account the tariff quotas received under the Association Agreement, which came into force in January 2016. Due to the novelty of these changes in politics, this statement of the problem is not sufficiently studied and therefore relevant to the present day. The bottom line is the improvement of the state of trade due to the fact that foreign economic activity is one of the main forms of economic relations of Ukraine with other states. Also, the average prices required for calculating the model for the realization of these products by the Holt method have been forecast, which will help to calculate the optimum amount of crops for further distribution between national consumption, export, and import The resulting model is flexible enough and can be adapted to any new changes in foreign trade.

Analysis of the Performance of Electronic Commerce in Ukraine

The current phase in the development of economic relations is characterized by the high level of informatization. The rapid science & technology advancement in information and communication technologies pushes up the development of consumption, industry and trade, and lays the background for new forms of economic relations. Electronic commerce is an advanced area of business. Taking advantages from electronic trade, organizations can: considerably reduce financial and time resources, enhance competitiveness, enter new markets, obtain supplementary information on consumer needs, and rapidly respond on the changing demand. Many companies take advantage from electronic commerce and set up pre-sales and after-sales services.
 Today, the Ukrainian market of electronic commerce is undergoing rapid expansion. The objective of the study is to analyze the expansion dynamics of electronic commerce by Ukrainian region and find the latest tendencies in this industry. The analysis is made by statistical data on Internet use in Ukraine. The overall performance of electronic commerce in Ukraine lags far behind the analogous figures of Western countries. Negative effects of the economic crisis, lack of high performing telecommunication networks in a number of Ukrainian regions, and limited use of advanced electronic payment systems hampered the development of the electronic market in Ukraine, and still hamper it in some way. Yet, due to ICT solutions, the environment for electronic commerce, in which the increasing demand pushes up the supply, have recently been improved.
 The method for studying the electronic commerce performance by Ukrainian region by use of the dynamic personified matrix is proposed. On its basis the ranking of Ukrainian regions is built, the regions with the highest performance in electronic commerce are identified, performance trends are analyzed. It is found that the electronic commerce market is concentrated mainly in large cities that are regional centers. The reason behind is that provider firms and firms rendering hosting services are concentrated in large cities, whereas small towns and villages have no access to high quality connection. Therefore, the development of advanced telecommunications market is supposed to contribute to the expansion of the electronic commerce market, enabling to take full advantage from the Ukrainian potential in electronic trade and enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian business.

Innovations research as benefits of global consumer system

The priority of innovations as a factor of economic development of any modem country is not the only their correct characteristics. Innovations beyond its economic nature are benefits, which determine the evolution of civilization, and their quality components have significant impact on the dynamics of this evolution. The article presents complex study on the positioning of innovative science and technology in the global consumption system, as well as their establishment in this system and the inability to transformation. The author has proved the following: innovations as benefits of the global economic system make adjustments to the structure of the Maslow pyramid of modern man and their further development will make their own corrections.In the global consumption system we should single out innovations as benefits of final consumption and innovation as good of industrial purpose. The work established that innovation consumption regardless of their nature is in accordance with consumer utility, cost and public perception. Providing directions and criteria of formation of innovative economic development of Ukraine in terms of European integration are defined.Based on comparative and analytical methods individual approaches to understanding innovation in the system of global consumption are defined. The assumption of certain factors (parity of public perception and value) in the sphere of formation of economic relations in the global consumption of innovative products is made. The article has proved, that in global system of consumption innovations are treated as benefits, and their distribution is more dependent on the capabilities of their purchase rather than generated from social progress. When establishing parity in public perception and acquisition opportunities development of innovation undergoes synergistic effect and promotes the transformation of social needs.The results of the research can be used by state and regional power, scientific-research establishments, management of domestic companies as well as by specialized organizations which function for stimulation of the processes of innovation activity development in Ukraine, as describing the strategic goals of further development of the respective areas.

MARKETING COMPETENCE AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESS PRINTING ENTERPRISES

The problems of representation of competitive advantages in the market, compliance with business ethics, preserve and maintain the reputation printing company, the formation of marketing competence is gradually becoming mainstream in the formation of economic relations in the enterprise. In mo-dern conditions the main cause of such systemic relationships is a crisis in relations between economic entities in the printing market, as well as change the foreign policy environment in relation to the Russian Federation. Interpretation of the crisis in relations as a crisis of confidence due to the lack of consistency of actions to develop industry-wide solutions from the state, from the discharge of business ethics on the part of printing companies, government agencies and, as a consequence, the lack of confidence on the part of consumers to producers and manufacturers to the state authorities. Given that the impact on manufacturers state bodies reduced to virtually zero, the impact of the perception of consumers manufacturers can still reinforce the negative trend of the transition to digital distribution channels marketing information, which result in growth rates end of 2014 began to develop at a fast pace. That is why companies manufacturers of printed products just need to overcome the crisis of confidence between producers and consumers. Thus, the relevance of the research topic of marketing competences interaction producer and consumer printing products due to be carried out on the present stage of transformation of the economy.

The Great Recession and Free Market Capitalist Hegemony: A Critical Discourse Analysis of U.S. Newspaper Coverage of the Economy, 2008–2010

This study examines the role of discourse in re-establishing the hegemony of free market capitalism during and immediately after the global financial crisis in the United States, colloquially referred to as the Great Recession. Theoretically, we employ post-Marxism and particularly the work of Ernesto Laclau, but also draw insights from poststructural feminism and critical theory. Methodologically, we use a corpus linguistics approach to critical discourse analysis. This methodology allows us to examine, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the discursive strategies used during 2008–2010 in a random sample of daily newspapers throughout the United States. Our findings include identifying the discursive chains of equivalence used to obscure counter-hegemonic discourses of alternative forms of economic relations that are locally based. Contributions of this study include furthering our understanding of the role discourse plays in current economic relations and demonstrating how a corpus linguistics approach to critical discourse analysis can be used empirically to examine post-Marxist theoretical assertions both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Системные признаки интернет‑экономики

The basic characteristics of Internet economy as a macroeconomic system, such as technological basis of Internet economy, reverse con‑ nections and so-called «critical level» of Internet influence on economy, specific structure and infrastructure and basic system institutes, are examined in this article. These characteristics define Internet economy as a complicated system, with new quality and peculiar properties. The emergence of new forms of economic relations – Internet economy re‑ lations – comes forward as a result of the Internet economy elements synergetic interaction on different levels of economy.

FORECAST ASSESSMENT OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT

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Estudo do mercado de trabalho em Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL): território e produção cerâmica em Santa Gertrudes/SP

No presente artigo, sob a perspectiva de que toda aglomeração produtiva está associada a um respectivo mercado de trabalho local, são analisadas as principais características do mercado de trabalho inerente à territorialidade da indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos da região de Santa Gertrudes/SP. No contexto de profundas modificações na atividade industrial e no mundo do trabalho que conduzem a novos formatos espaciais das relações econômicas, são discutidos no texto a pertinência da noção de mercado de trabalho local à luz da atual ênfase dada aos aglomerados territoriais de pequenas e médias empresas - chamados de APLs (Arranjos Produtivos Locais)- a partir de seu potencial gerador de competitividade e desenvolvimento territorial.

Formation of Economic Relations between Korea and Russia in the Modern Era

Formation of Economic Relations between Korea and Russia in the Modern Era

Socialistinių ekonominių santykių teisinės formos klausimu

Autorius teigia, kad tarybinėje sociologinėje literatūroje yra nepakankamai apibrėžta nuosavybės sąvoka. Straipsnyje aptariama nuosavybės teisės genezė ir jos istorinis vaidmuo. Teigiama, kad nuosavybės instituto atsiradimas yra tiesiogiai susijęs su mainų, kaip visuomeninės gamybos produktų pasiskirstymo formos, įsigalėjimu, kurį objektyviai sąlygojo gamybinių jėgų išsivystymas. Nuosavybės sąvoka yra teisinė sąvoka ir tik šia prasme ji tinka ekonominiams santykiams apibūdinti. Socialistinėje visuomenėje, kaip pirmojoje komunistinės visuomenės išsivystymo fazėje, nuosavybės teisės institutas dar yra būtinas kaip produktų skirstymo forma. Vartojimas čia yra susijęs su individo asmenine teise į vartojamuosius daiktus. Socialistiniai ekonominiai santykiai turi teisinę nuosavybės santykių formą. Daroma išvada, kad perėjimas į antrąją komunistinės visuomenės išsivystymo fazę yra susijęs su nuosavybės teisės instituto ir ekonominių santykių teisinės formos išnykimu.

The USSR'S Technical Assistance to Foreign Countries

Prior to World War II the USSR's foreign trade, conducted under conditions of capitalist encirclement, was the only form of economic relations with foreign countries. The opportunities for its development were limited, since the monopolies and governments of the leading capitalist countries opposed it, thus striving to frustrate or retard the economic development of our country.