Formation Of New Units Research Articles

ON THE QUESTION OF THE INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF A DERIVED AND COMPLEX WORD IN MODERN LITERARY ENGLISH

"This article highlights the problems of modern word-formation in the English language. By their structure, complex and derived words are adapted to express and convey a figurative representation of the world: the presence of two or more bases presupposes an initial correlation with two or more referents, their comparison. Complex and derived words in modern English serve as a means of saving speech, as a way of concentrating information in compressive units, as well as imagery in a literary text, act as author’s revisionalisms, all these issues are reflected in the presented article. The purpose of the study is to describe the morphological features of English nouns, the features of their structure and the process of formation of new units of nominative vocabulary. The objectives of the study determined the range of tasks that needed to be solved in the process of work: to reveal the features of the morphological structure of English nouns; to study the manifestation of morphological features of English nouns in written speech on the example of English-language articles; to show the difference in frequency characteristics and the degree of productivity of word-formation methods in the system of English nouns. The findings indicated in the article indicate the ability of a number of derived and complex words in the modern English language to show the morphological characteristics of certain parts of speech in their internal structure in the making of neologisms in modern English fiction. "

Transformation of the ambulance service during the COVID-19 pandemic: correlation and thematic analysis

BACKGROUND: Ensuring the availability and quality of an ambulance service, including specialized ambulance, medical care, and specialized medical care in emergency and emergency form for fatal diseases, accidents, injuries, poisoning, and other conditions that require urgent medical intervention is an integral part of the national security system and one of the most important areas of health development in the Russian Federation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, such tasks appeared in the organization of emergency and emergency medical care for patients as a prompt distribution to inpatient departments, considering the severity of the patients condition, their covid status, and the availability of free places in medical organizations in a specific region, compliance with the waiting time prescribed for emergency medical care, and cutting off the non-core calls.
 AIM: To determine the optimal organizational structure of the ambulance service in the subject of the Russian Federation.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collection and statistical processing of information regarding the work of ambulance services in a specific region were carried out. Correlation-thematic analysis using the Pearsons coefficient was performed.
 RESULTS: During the under covid period from 2016 to 2019, the overall mortality rate showed a clear downward trend. However, during the pandemic, even without taking into account the excess mortality, there was an increase, while, in 2020, when compared with 2019, the increase was 12%. Moreover, despite the increase in excess mortality in 2021 relative to that in 2020 by almost four times, the total mortality (excluding COVID) remained almost at the same level. In addition, it should be noted that, in regions where the ambulance service was represented by a single legal entity during the epidemic, excess mortality was lower in comparison with that in the regions where ambulance service was represented by departments within the Central District hospitals.
 CONCLUSION: The period of the coronavirus epidemic has largely transformed the healthcare system. The presence of a Unified Dispatching Service or a unified ambulance service in a region has a positive effect on the quality indicators of its healthcare system. In addition, the formation of new units in the structure of the ambulance service, such as a department for remote counseling, allows not only to ensure more accessibility to patients but also to effectively use the financial resources of an institution.

Methodological analysis of military forensic science

Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process.
 Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology.
 Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction.
 While research, in order to establish formation consistency of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution.
 While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science.
 As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.

The phenomenon of deformation of proverbs through the prism of the paremiological space’s laws

A study of the methods of speech transformation for common language units shows that any language creativity, even the most inventive and unusual, relies in its methods on the cumulative experience available in the arsenal of native speakers. The paremiological space of the language, which is a set of all proverbial units that reveal the most diverse types of relationships among themselves, also includes a number of units of other levels — typical syntactic and logical structures, stable binomials that serve as the basis of proverbs, proverbial fragments with semantics assigned to them, and generalized ideas implemented by several units of the language of different lexical content and grammatical model. The language game, which embraced the sphere of paremias in the post-Soviet era of “carnivalizing” the language, manifested itself in the formation of new units according to existing models (Luchshe dlinnaia zhivaja ochered’, chem korotkaia avtomatnaia), in contaminations (Baba s vozu — volki syty), in the replication of countless versions of occasional endings for ordinary paremias (Ne pliui v kolodets — prigoditsia pliunut’; … vylezet — ne prokormish’), semantic deciphers (Deti tsvety zhizni, no ne nado davat’ im raspuskat’sia), etc. The focus of article is the sphere of language transformations of an expression with structure that allows for varied deviations from the usual form, for example the paremia Chem dal’she v les, tem bol’she drov according to the dictionary “Anti-proverbs of the Russian people” (2005) and Internet materials. Examples of the intentional deconstruction of habitual paremias show that destruction does not occur, since the proverbial form and logical-syntactic model of a common proverb appears in new units and even part of the neologism continues to be the bearer of its meaning, enriched with occasional semantic additions.

New Characteristics of Current Neology: Social Background

Neology remains a topical issue of current linguistics. Though there are numerous studies devoted to this field, one may find neither a generally accepted definition of “neologisms” (also “new words”, etc.), nor a commonly recognized terminology (or classification). Moreover, nowadays we may face new phenomena which are probably subjects of neology, but which are often too peculiar and thus cannot be called pure “neologisms” in accordance with the criteria given for the definition of “neologisms” (“new words”, etc.). Some of these phenomena are of multimodal character, since natural language is combined with codes of different systems. Therefore, they are not purely linguistic objects. Internet memes, being a type of precedent phenomena, may be considered an example of such objects. Another feature of current neology is the presence of words with “blurred” meaning, as well as those of numerous diminutives. The authors believe that these characteristic features may have certain social background. Thus, formation of new units could be investigated within the context of sociobiology. There may be a few key factors, such as increasing aggression, social infantilism, clip thinking, a new stage of human civilization, and a new type of cultural transmission.

Plant development reprogramming by cynipid gall wasp: proteomic analysis

An insect–plant interaction induced gall formation is where gall wasps change the plant development towards formation of new units to shield and nourish the evolving larvae. The targets of the insect signals and the mechanism of gall development are unknown. To show the molecular pathways that are responsive to the gall wasp, the proteomic approach was used to compare the gall with non-gall plant tissues. We studied three oak gall species (Cynips quercusfolii, Cynips longiventris, and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum) and the host plant (Quercus robur). Among the 21 identified proteins, 18 increased and three decreased in abundance in gall tissue, in comparison to the leaf tissues. Ten proteins were C. quercusfolii responsive, two only with this gall inducer, while seven increased in abundance. Eleven proteins were C. longiventris responsive, and two only with this gall inducer. Sixteen proteins were associated with gall formation by the N. quercusbaccarum and, in this, eight only with this gall inducer. A similar effect on protein abundance occurred as galls in leaf veins (for five proteins). For leaf blades, such a relation was not found. The role of each protein is discussed according to its involvement in the gall formation. Moreover, S-adenosyl methionine synthase, flavone 3-hydroxylase, stress- and pathogenesis-related proteins, and gamma carbonic anhydrase are associated with developmental regulation of plant tissue into a gall.

Prospects and criteria of protected areas in the Lviv region

The use and forms of ecological and economic assessment of protected sites and areas in the Lviv region are analysed . The functional nature of the object value determining is indicated and the long–term plans to increase reserve indicator area is noted. The role and function of the object depends on its type and category. In Lviv region the most common (with respect to area) are national parks, regional landscape parks and nature reserves. Designing of protected objects is conducted mainly with account of their inclusion in the ecological network. Because of its multifunctions nature the national parks are a promising direction for the development and expansion of natural reserve fund. Objects that are created must be environmentally effective and economically justified. The role of the recreational function of the parks increases while choosing the directions of development. Formation of new units in this category of protected areas should take place, taking into account a number of criteria: environmental, economic, logistic and environment–psychological. National parks in regional environmental network segment will promote the development of sustainable tourism in the region and will form a positive image of the region for recreation Lviv region using its unique geographical position.

Le monde celtique au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. Rapport sur les recherches récentes

The Celtic world in the 3rd century B.C. Report on recent research. The eastward shift in the centre of gravity of the Celtic world was a determining factor in the history of the 3rd century. The Balkan invasion of 280/279 B.C. is to be integrated into this context because of its colonizing nature. The consequences of the defeat in Greece manifested themselves throughout a vast area stretching from the British Isles and Central Anatolia to the plains of Northern Europe and the Mediterranean by the formation of new units (the Scordisci, the kingdom of Tylis in Thrace, the Galatae of Asia Minor) and also by the influence exerted upon the western territories by the new eastern centre of La Tène civilization. The structural mutation of the Celtic World was accelerated by direct contacts with the Mediterranean. The transformation of the Celtic army and the change in military equipment and, similarly, the appearance of public sanctuaries, the beginning of Celtic coinage and the golden age of La Tène art are inseparable from the historical context of the 3rd century B.C.

The positioning of ciliary organelles in hypotrich ciliates.

SYNOPSISIt is commonly observed in hypotrichs that new ciliary rudiments arise directly from or in close juxtaposition to certain pre‐existing ciliary elements. Oral primordia often are initiated near specific cirri, cirral rudiments frequently arise as a result of the disaggregation of certain old cirri, and new dorsal ciliature is formed within pre‐existing ciliary rows. In the first 2 situations it has been demonstrated experimentally that neither the old ciliature in question nor the specific cortical site marked by that ciliature is essential for the appearance of the new cirral rudiment. The experimental analysis done thus far suggests that the positions of oral and cirral primordia are determined by interacting gradients established in relation to certain reference points. The nature of the reference points is not fully elucidated; in some cases at least these points appear to be more closely related to topographic features of the cell than to specific pre‐existing cortical structures.In the dorsal ciliary rows of Euplotes new ciliary units are formed usually and perhaps invariably in close proximity to old ones, and are generally oriented along the axis of the pre‐existing row. The result is a tendency to perpetuate the preexisting row number across cell generations. Changes in row number, however, can occur as a result of occasional formation of new units at right angles to the row, a process that is much enhanced in certain homozygous segregants (basal body deficient). The optimal row number (stability range) as well as the number of ciliary units are under genic control. In addition, the spatial pattern of distribution of ciliary units among rows is invariant in all of the material examined. This pattern is presumed to result from an underlying field whose geometry is independent of both the number of units and the number of rows.