Formal Transformation Research Articles

The architecture of differences

The architecture of differences

Genus expansion of open free energy in 2d topological gravity

We study open topological gravity in two dimensions, or, the intersection theory on the moduli space of open Riemann surfaces initiated by Pandharipande, Solomon and Tessler. The open free energy, the generating function for the open intersection numbers, obeys the open KdV equations and Buryak’s differential equation and is related by a formal Fourier transformation to the Baker-Akhiezer wave function of the KdV hierarchy. Using these properties we study the genus expansion of the free energy in detail. We construct explicitly the genus zero part of the free energy. We then formulate a method of computing higher genus corrections by solving Buryak’s equation and obtain them up to high order. This method is much more efficient than our previous approach based on the saddle point calculation. Along the way we show that the higher genus corrections are polynomials in variables that are expressed in terms of genus zero quantities only, generalizing the constitutive relation of closed topological gravity.

Artistic Digital Display and Analysis of Interactive Media Wireless Sensor Clusters

For video art, the coupling of digital technology and postmodernist thinking has brought not only technical progress and formal transformation but also a new mode of thinking and way of living around visual experience and even a change in the whole world view. The digitalization of the image not only lies in the change of the surface form, but also it has evolved into a supermedium, connecting the real world and the virtual world, becoming a new way and means for us to grasp the world, which can be considered a huge transformation. However, while digitalization has brought great development to video art, it has also confused many issues that need to be further explored, especially the inevitable transformation in creation. This paper takes digital video art as the main object of study and explores the crisis of representation and the problem of transformation that has arisen in it, with reference to “technology,” “form,” “concept,” and even “social and cultural life.” We also analyze, summarize, and conclude the transformation of video art and its creation rules in the digital context and propose corresponding creation strategies, taking “technology,” “form,” “concept,” and even “social and cultural life“ as the starting point. For the detection of a small area, a star structure can be used to achieve a flexible arrangement of each sensor while satisfying the real‐time performance. For the collection of information in a large monitoring area, if a star structure is used, the nodes are overloaded with low reliability and low utilization of communication lines. The wireless data acquisition system uses the relatively scalable UCB telosb hardware platform, while the hardware platform uses an operating system with good portability, which can give full play to the hardware performance of the platform and effectively reduce the power consumption of the system. Based on the current art trend, this paper discusses the transformation of video art in the digital background from the perspective of “technology” and “concept” and proposes corresponding creation strategies to provide theoretical to practical support for digital video art creation practice and bring some inspiration to creators. It will also bring some inspiration to the creators. Cluster analysis is used to effectively improve the introduced algorithm, and the simulation results show that the improved algorithm can reasonably plan each sensor node in the region while reducing the number of sensors, so that the effectiveness of each sensor node can be well utilized.

Temporal display of gestures in diagrammatic proof

According to the deductivist view of mathematics which became the rule during the nineteenth century, formal proofs working with symbolic formulas replaced the intuitive knowledge that used to be gained by the step-by-step construction of geometric fgures and diagrams. Twentieth century epistemological refection on symbolic formulas and formal proofs, however, took them to be diagrams respectively exhibiting formal relations and transformations. The claim was also made that, for such diagrams to be proofs, temporal displays of transformations—and of other speech acts—were required. By returning to the signifcant elements of contemporary theories of mathematical proofs, we will here show how these proofs came to be a matter for semiotics and pragmatics as much as for formal logic. Once this is done, we will provide a few arguments against the standard objections to the ability of diagrams to present temporal order or perform speech acts.

Development of Natural Language Dialogue Software Systems

This paper discusses problems of natural language dialogue systems development. Here are considered different types of such program systems and their peculiarities based on our development experience. The systems discussed here are aimed at using graph ontological databases. Five basic types of natural language systems are highlighted: reference system, reference system with clarifying and technical questions, questionnaire system, active initiative system, control system. The first four of them are considered in detail. The reference system type, which is the basic type, is shown and discussed. Problems considered here are: natural language phrase to a formal query transformation, semantic analysis and answer formation. The ways are shown for these processes program implementation. For all the types the problem of the current dialogue subject keeping is considered, especially for an active initiative system where it is the most crucial. The different approaches are shown and compared for the principles of graph database (ontology) construction, which could be used in the dialogue systems.

What Was History Painting and What Is It Now? ed. by Mark Salber Phillips and Jordan Bear

Reviewed by: What Was History Painting and What Is It Now? ed. by Mark Salber Phillips and Jordan Bear Alejandra Gimenez-Berger What Was History Painting and What Is It Now? Edited by mark salber phillips and jordan bear. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2019. viii + 311 pp. ISBN 978-0-7735-5896-0. $135.00 (hardcover); $44.95 (paper); $31.69 (ePDF). History painting, as a mode of visual communication, reigned at the European art academies and set the tastes of elites as the highest form of expression from its inception in the early modern period to the rise [End Page 188] of modernism in the late nineteenth century. As the royal academies were challenged and superseded by modernist individualism, the interest in history painting and its subjects declined. Narrow definitions that reduced the genre to a tool for the powers of church and state, for didacticism turned indoctrination, and for the preservation of the power of authoritarian states contributed to the growing disinterest on the genre. As this volume makes clear, however, these are not the only contributions of the genre to the history of visual expression. In tracing the ways in which artists utilized the mechanics of the genre outside of the constraints set by the European academies, this volume may serve world historians in finding creative ways to decode the visual structures of history painting as they served not only to support, but to critique or subvert ideologies and artistic concepts. This volume aims to show the ways in which the elements of history painting have persisted, and how, though much changed, the genre not only survives but affords artists means to call attention to "the great moral issues" of our time (p. 158). This argument is predicated on a revision of the definition of history painting as a whole, rejecting a rigid and all-encompassing understanding in favor of a heuristic approach, what Mark Salber Phillips calls "re-distancing." The essays follow the formal, material, and theoretical transformation of history painting chronologically, simultaneously organizing the timeline into three major themes. Appropriately, the first section is devoted to the role of the human as subject and viewer. Stuart Lingo's essay sets the stage as it demonstrates the tensions between visual narratives and the figures that were to enact them—arising as the original Albertian definition met artistic competition for creative figuration—as early as the sixteenth century. Then Susana Caviglia turns to the beholder in a brilliant reception study that challenges saccharine understandings of how the genre operated in the Rococo. Mark Salber Phillips' own essay looks at an important change in subject, from the grand to the mundane and from elevation to satire. Here we begin to see how demand shaped the genre—the theme of Part Two—as patronage shifted from church and state to competitive markets. The studies by Cynthia Ellen Roman, Jordan Bear, and Tim Barringer in this second section share a focus on audiences: their desires for particular imagery and the ways in which paintings mediated their anxieties. Here Jordan Bear deploys the idea of re-distancing most strongly. The third section traces a greater geographic, thematic, and theoretical variety in the development of the genre. Six essays analyze the ways in which artists, working with some or many of the rudiments of history painting, responded to modernist aesthetics and later to postmodernist critique. James Nisbet and Mary K. Coffey explore the [End Page 189] encounter with, and destabilization of, the salient aesthetics of each period. Coffey's essay is particularly interesting as it analyzes Orozco's work at Darmouth from internally shifting distances: the local, the national, and the international. This section also includes two essays that delve into the appropriation of tropes of history painting in self-critical and strongly subversive ways: Elizabeth Harney's explores the ambiguity of Julie Mehretu's use of the genre for a critique of neoliberalism, while Michael Godby focuses on the explicit ways in which William Kentridge engages in a formalist and historicist critique. The volume also includes two powerful essays on the evolution of history painting into art forms that, going beyond traditional media and defunct academic hierarchies, address the...

Arithmetic Loophole in Bell's Theorem: Overlooked Threat to Entangled-State Quantum Cryptography

Bell's theorem is supposed to exclude all local hidden-variable models of quantum correlations. However, an explicit counterexample shows that a new class of local realistic models, based on generalized arithmetic and calculus, can exactly reconstruct rotationally symmetric quantum probabilities typical of two-electron singlet states. Observable probabilities are consistent with the usual arithmetic employed by macroscopic observers, but counterfactual aspects of Bell's theorem are sensitive to the choice of hidden-variable arithmetic and calculus. The model is classical in the sense of Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Bell: elements of reality exist and probabilities are modeled by integrals of hidden-variable probaility densities. Probability densities have a Clauser-Horne product form typical of local realistic theories. However, neither the product nor the integral nor the representation of rotations are the usual ones. The integral has all the standard properties but only with respect to the arithmetic that defines the product. Certain formal transformations of integral expressions one finds in the usual proofs \`a la Bell do not work, so standard Bell-type inequalities cannot be proved. The system we consider is deterministic, local-realistic, rotationally invariant, observers have free will, detectors are perfect, so is free of all the canonical loopholes discussed in the literature.

II. DÜNYA SAVAŞI DÖNEMİ VOGUE DERGİ KAPAKLARINDAKİ KADIN İMGESİ VE GİYİM ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME

Moda yalnızca estetik bir anlayış biçimi olmayıp aynı zamanda güçlü yan anlamlar içeren, birçok alandan etkilenerek şekil alan ve sürekli değişen sosyo-kültürel bir olgudur. Özellikle büyük krizlerin yaşandığı savaş yıllarının moda ve giyim üzerindeki etkisi, kadın giyimindeki biçimsel ve estetik dönüşümün yanısıra zorunlu sosyolojik bir takım etkileri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Vogue dergisinin II. Dünya Savaşı dönemi kapaklarının göstergebilimsel açıdan incelenerek, savaşın kadın imajı, moda ve giyim üzerindeki yansımasını araştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda modanın sembolik ve yananlamlarla birlikte, dönemin etkisiyle nasıl şekillendiği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde yayımlanmış olan 143 adet Vogue dergi kapağından oluşmaktadır. Örneklemi ise, özellikle Amerika’nın savaşta etkin olduğu 1942, 1943 ve 1944 yıllarından bir adet olmak üzere toplam üç adet dergi kapağı, amaçlı örnekleme yönetemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Vogue dergi kapakları göstergebilimsel açıdan Roland Barthes’ın anlamlandırma şeması üzerinden incelenmiş, kapakta yer alan kadın fotoğraflarının yananlamları kültürel kodlar üzerinden, yazılı göstergeler ise kapak üzerindeki sloganlar incelenerek yorumlanmıştır. Dönemin moda ve giyim anlayışı üzerindeki etkisi ise metinlerarasılık kuramından modaya uyarlanarak Th. F. Broden tarafından oluşturulan giysilerarasılık kuramı üzerinden incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Vogue dergi kapaklarında kadın imgesinin; vatansever, yardımsever, barışçıl, fedakâr, en az erkekler kadar savaş döneminde etkin ve söz sahibi, göreve hazır, güçlü bir kadın profili yansıtıldığı görülmüştür. Savaşın kadın giyimi üzerinde büyük etkisi olduğu, sivil kıyafetlerde dahi haki, “Kızıl Haç’’ ve Amerikan bayrağı yansıtımı olarak beyaz, kırmızı, lacivert renklerinin kullanıldığı, özellikle ceket ve şapkalarda askeri üniforma etkilerinin görüldüğü, saç, makyaj ve aksesuarlarla birlikte maskülen ve feminen etkinin dengelendiği saptanmıştır.

Multiclock Constraint System Modelling and Verification for Ensuring Cooperative Autonomous Driving Safety

CADS (cooperative autonomous driving systems) are software-intensive and safety-critical reactive systems and give great promise to our daily life, but system errors may not be identified in the design stage until the implement stage, and the cost to correct them will be more expensive later than the early stage. For designing trustworthy autonomous software systems, we have to deal with multiclock constraint models. SysML (System Modeling Language) meets increasing adoption in order to carry out system-level modelling and verification against abstract representations, but it suffers from semantic ambiguities in the design of safety-critical autonomous systems. The main objective is to investigate methods for coping with the design and analysis models simultaneously and to achieve semantic consistency based on mathematical foundations and formal model transformation. In this paper, we propose a method to combine the requirement modelling process with analysis process together for CADS safety and reliability guarantee. Firstly, we extend SysML metamodels and construct SysML profile for the CADS domain that could improve modelling correctness and enhance reusability. An instantiated CADS model has been designed by means of adopting a profile containing different key functional and nonfunctional attributes and behaviors. Secondly, we define formal syntax and semantic notations for modelling elements in the SysML state machine diagram and show transformation rules between the state machine diagram and the CCSL (Clock Constraint Specification Language) model. Semantic preservation is also proved using the bisimulation relation between them for rigorous mapping correctness. Thirdly, a cooperative autonomous overtaking driving case study on the highway scenario is used for illustration, and we use the tool TimeSquare to simulate CCSL specification execution traces at the system design stage.

Formal modeling and verification of UML Activity Diagrams (UAD) with FoCaLiZe

Abstract The UML Activity Diagram (UAD) is mostly used for modeling behavioral aspects of objects and systems. OCL (Object Constraint Language) is used together with UAD to specify guard conditions and action constraints. Due to the ambiguous semantics of UAD, it is relevant to formalize such diagrams using formal semantics and formal methods. In this paper, we opt for a formal transformation of UML activity diagrams denoted by functional semantics into FoCaLiZe, a proof based formal language. The ultimate goal is to detect eventual inconsistencies of UML activity diagrams and to prove their properties using Zenon, the automatic theorem prover of FoCaLiZe. In addition to the proposed formal basis for UAD. The presented approach directly supports action constraints, activity partitions and the communication between structural and dynamic aspects of UML models.

THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF THE USAGE OF PUPILS' SELF-EXPRESSION SKILLS ACQUIRED WITHIN MUSIC EDUCATION

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the usage of primary school pupils’ self-expression skills acquired within music education in various social contexts.
 Methods. Theoretical research method – the analysis of literature, empirical data acquisition method – questionnaire. Statistical data processing has been carried out in IBM SPSS 23 programme, using the following data processing methods: frequency analysis; Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of two independent groups; Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of three or more independent groups; Kendall rank correlation coefficient for the assessment of associations between two variables.
 Results. In the development of self-expression skills, an important aspect is the social performance criterion that is based on pupils’ need for self-expression in a social environment of practising music. Age and gender-based correlations in the assessment of a self-expression skill criterion "Social performance" indicate that with age pupils become more independent and engaged in music-related social activities. Girls are socially more active and emotional and engage in artistic activities more often. The research confirms the role of teachers in the development of pupils’ self-expression skills, promoting integration of formal and informal learning process and transformation in formal and informal learning environment.
 Conclusions. The dynamics and interactions of self-expression skills’ development factors (social, emotional and intellectual) defines pupils’ individual self-expression skills and development tendencies. Self-expression is important for pupils in social aspect, as it is related to socialisation in microenvironment (family) and macroenvironment (friends) and affects cooperation and communication.

History, Geometry and Stereotomy in the Vaults of the Halle au Blé

This paper analyses the history, cultural background, geometric configuration and stereotomic apparatus of one of the most interesting buildings in the urban landscape of Paris between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Halle au Ble in Rue de Viarmes, also known in English as Corn Exchange. This building, which over the years underwent several formal, functional and structural transformations, is particularly interesting to scholars because of the innovations researched and designed by the French architect Nicolas Le Camus de Mezieres, who tried to solve some novel geometric and constructive issues drawing from available treatises, probably most of all that of Frezier. His contribution to the Halle au Ble includes the invention of particular vaulted surfaces assembled by blending stone ashlars and bricks.

The Change and Transformation of a Grand Vizier’s Mansion: Âli Pasha Mansion in Mercan

Tanzimat Dönemi’nde Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşanan siyasi, ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel sahalardaki değişim ve dönüşüm, kentlerin yapısı üzerinde de etkili oldu. Kent çevresinde yeni konut sahalarının açılması ve kent mekânlarının bilhassa yangından gelen zararları asgariye indirecek yeni inşaat teknikleriyle inşası sayesinde kayda değer bir değişim yaşandı. Tanzimat’ın önde gelen devlet adamlarının konaklarının inşa malzemeleri, teknikleri ve işlevi de bu değişimden nasibini aldı. Batı tarzı ve kârgir görünüme sahip yeni nesil konaklar, aynı zamanda üst düzey devlet adamlarının resmikabul ve toplantılarını da yaptıkları bir idari merkez halini aldı. Zamanla iktidardan düşmeleri veya vefatları sebebiyle bazı paşa konakları devletleştirilerek, çeşitli maksat ve sahalarda kullanılmaya başlandı. Bahsi geçen duruma en güzel örneklerden birisi de Osmanlı Devlet mekanizmasında üst düzey görevlerde bulunan ve döneme damgasını vuran Âlî Paşa’nın (1814-1871) Mercan’daki konağıdır. Bu çalışmada, Âlî Paşa konağına devletçe el konulması, varislerinin geri alma mücadeleleri ile konağın inşasından günümüze değin geçirdiği biçimsel ve işlevsel dönüşüm, arşiv belgeleri ve mevcut kaynaklar ışığında incelendi.

Galilean boosts and superfluidity of resonantly driven polariton fluids in the presence of an incoherent reservoir

We theoretically investigate how the presence of a reservoir of incoherent excitations affects the superfluidity properties of resonantly driven polariton fluids. While in the absence of reservoir the two cases of a defect moving in a fluid at rest and of a fluid flowing against a static defect are linked by a formal Galilean transformation, here the reservoir defines a privileged reference frame attached to the semiconductor structure and causes markedly different features between the two settings. The consequences on the critical velocity for superfluidity are highlighted and compared to experiments in resonantly driven excitons polaritons.

An Express Algorithm for Transient Electromagnetic Data Interpretation

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is a time-domain, controlled source, electromagnetic (EM) geophysical technique which is often applied to image the subsurface conductivity distributions of shallow layers due to its effectiveness and adaptability to complex site working conditions. The means for an express analysis of such experimental data in several practical cases have advantages and are suitable for use. We developed our approach for determining the approximate one-dimensional (1D) model of background conductivity based on the formal transformation of the TEM experimental data and the mathematical analysis of continuous functions. Our algorithm, which allows the 1D model’s parameters to be obtained in terms of a layer’s thickness and resistivity, widely utilizes the numerical differentiation of experimental curves as well as of transformed ones. Since the noise level increases with time in the attenuating TEM signals and differentiation even enhances it, special procedures are required to calculate the derivative values. We applied the piecewise cubic spline approximation to solve this problem. In that case, the derivatives are obtained using polynomial coefficients which are available for each node. The application of the created facilities is demonstrated using real experimental data of the TEM soundings.

English translations of the Japanese folkloremes in the English-language translations: cultural-cognitive asymmetry

The subject of this research is the linguocultural and cognitive aspects of the original Japanese folkloremes (names of fairy characters, mythical objects, and mythical animals) and their English correlates. The authors refer to folklore as a source of profound understanding of cultural connotation, cultural beliefs, cultural distinctness, traditions and customs. The methodological equivalence of linguistic and cultural-cognitive aspects of folkloremes is underlined. The goal of this work consists in determination of the formal and conceptual transformations of Japanese folkloremes in English translation of a Japanese tale. Folkloremes of a Japanese tale have not previously been an object of special research. Comparison of the text of Japanese folk tale and its English analogue demonstrates the cultural-cognitive asymmetry between Japanese folkloremes and their English correlates. Three types of Japanese folkloremes (unique; possessing distinct characteristics; and having cultural-specific associations) determine different techniques of their translation into the English language and various types of transformations of their conceptual content. Cognitive asymmetry of Japanese and Anglo-Saxon cultures substantiate the insufficient understanding and accentuation in English texts of the Japanese important cultural dominant – social and age hierarchism, as well as the enduring significance of image of the emperor and imperial power associated with this dominant.

Личные имена представителей армянской диаспоры в поликультурном пространстве Краснодарского края

The paper traces evolution of naming traditions among the Armenian diaspora representatives in Krasnodar Territory under the conditions of isolation from the metropolitan country. The author analyses formal and semantic transformations of canonical names, identifies correlation of the original and the borrowed in the regional anthroponymicon. The percentage of the Armenian personal names that are in use among the Armenian-speaking Kuban residents is estimated. The factors that influence the process of naming people with the Armenian roots who permanently reside in the multicultural region of Russia are identified.

Przysłowia w polskim flowklorze

The article discusses the use of proverbs in Polish hip-hop lyrics. The paper talks about the presence of paremias in Polish rap songs, analyzes their formal transformations (enumerating syntactic and lexical changes in the shape of proverbs), as well as examines the exploitation of proverbial semantics with a view of presenting individual and more general values of the Polish hip-hop community.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ДОРОГА» В УСТНЫХ РАССКАЗАХ СИБИРЯКОВ

The article describes the concept “road” as represented in oral stories of Siberians. This investigation is part of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study of Siberia as a cross-border area. The research materials are: texts of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus, which were recorded during dialectological expeditions from the 1940s to 2019 in the areas where old-timer Middle Ob region dialects are spoken; information from dialect dictionaries, memoirs and oral stories of eyewitnesses and witnesses of dekulakization and exile to the Narym region; materials of the project “Free and Non-Free Siberians” published on the website of the Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. A concept is a unit of consciousness that is represented by means of a language. The article uses a modeling method that is implemented through the description of the nominative field of the concept “road”, which includes both direct nominations of the concept itself and nominations of its individual cognitive features. Among the units that represent the concept “road”, there are: the word road and its synonym way, their derivatives, as well as words that name roads in accordance with their various characteristics, words of different parts of speech and phrases that contain the seme “road”: traffic, taxi, taxi driver, turnpike, country road, to go, to swim, to get lost, and many others. The contextual analysis of the material revealed that the following cognitive features receive language objectification: 1) the size of the road and its importance, 2) the use of roads depending on the time of year, 3) place of laying the road, 4) the kind of transport and method of travel, 5) the material from which the road is made, 5) the quality of the road 6) the direction of the road, 7) the road as an integral part of migration processes, 8) construction, laying and maintenance of roads, 9) the road as a factor in the formation of different social ties, communities and an additional reason for economic activity (crafts, entrepreneurship, etc.), 10) the road as an indicator of the development of Siberia, civilization and improvement, 11) the road as a dangerous place, 12) the road as a way of localization, 13) the road as an attribute of superstitions, rituals. Siberians’ autobiographical stories and memoirs contain fragments that reflect the importance and significance of the road in human life. Facts from people’s life connected with the road are: birth on the road, road to school/university/institute, wedding, work, moving, death. The road is a significant fragment of the Siberians’ worldview; it reflects the spatial and temporal characteristics of people’s lives, representing the “friend/foe” opposition. Formal (changes in road categories, obsolescence of expressions, new stable combinations and lexemes) and substantive (new roads, reinterpretation, de-ideologization of road spaces associated with the repressive policy of the state, etc.) transformations in the structure of the concept are due to time (change of epochs) and to political and economic factors.

Transforming a sole proprietorship into a limited liability company – selected tax aspects

This article deals with the transformation of a sole proprietorship into a sole-shareholder limited liability company, with particular emphasis on tax aspects. Considerations are supported by numerous rulings of courts of general and administrative jurisdiction, as well as interpretations of the tax authorities. At the beginning, the author presents the binding normative acts regulating this subject and the main reasons for transformations. The methods of transforming a sole proprietorship into a sole-shareholder limited liability company binding until the end of 2011 have been described, as well as provisions regulating the issue of formal transformation. In the further part of the article the legal consequences of formal transformation were discussed, with particular emphasis on the succession of rights and obligations under tax law. The next part of the article is devoted to the effects of transformation on the basis of the tax on goods and services, personal income tax and income tax from juridical persons, as well as tax on civil law transactions.