An Express Algorithm for Transient Electromagnetic Data Interpretation

Roman Kaminskyj,Borys Ladanivskyy,Gregus Michal,Lidia Savkiv,Nataliya Shakhovska

doi:10.3390/electronics9020354

Abstract

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is a time-domain, controlled source, electromagnetic (EM) geophysical technique which is often applied to image the subsurface conductivity distributions of shallow layers due to its effectiveness and adaptability to complex site working conditions. The means for an express analysis of such experimental data in several practical cases have advantages and are suitable for use. We developed our approach for determining the approximate one-dimensional (1D) model of background conductivity based on the formal transformation of the TEM experimental data and the mathematical analysis of continuous functions. Our algorithm, which allows the 1D model’s parameters to be obtained in terms of a layer’s thickness and resistivity, widely utilizes the numerical differentiation of experimental curves as well as of transformed ones. Since the noise level increases with time in the attenuating TEM signals and differentiation even enhances it, special procedures are required to calculate the derivative values. We applied the piecewise cubic spline approximation to solve this problem. In that case, the derivatives are obtained using polynomial coefficients which are available for each node. The application of the created facilities is demonstrated using real experimental data of the TEM soundings.

Highlights

Induction electromagnetic methods of geophysics are all based on the fact that the magnetic field varies in time and in accordance with Faraday’s law, induces an electric current in the conductive earth
In the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method, a current is artificially generated in the ground by a step-shaped current (Heaviside function) transmitted to the earth
The application of the developed algorithm is demonstrated on real experimental TEM data, which were acquired with the in-loop configuration

Summary

Introduction

Induction electromagnetic methods of geophysics are all based on the fact that the magnetic field varies in time and in accordance with Faraday’s law (second Maxwell’s equation), induces an electric current in the conductive earth. When measuring electric and magnetic fields on the ground, inferences are made about the conductivity distribution in the subsurface. A loop source is usually used and induction coil or a wire loop are used as receivers for recording the vertical component of the magnetic field. Such a TEM sounding configuration is called the “central loop”

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