Form Of Multiple Choice Questions Research Articles

Informal Reasoning Profile (IR) Students of SMA Negeri 1 Toroh, Grobongan District, Central Java Province

Informal Reasoning (IR) is reasoning that is individual. Informal reasoning can be trained by providing questions based on socio-scientific issues. This study aims to determine the profile of Informal Reasoning (IR) students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Toroh. The research subjects totaled 216 students. The sampling technique for this research is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The method used is a survey via the Google Informal Reasoning (IR) test form in the form of multiple choice questions and descriptions, as well as supporting data in the form of teacher and student interview sheets and school observation sheets. The results showed that SMA Negeri 1 Toroh was categorized as 'good' with an average score of 73.8. The average percentage score for the 'good' category, namely 78.24%, was obtained because students' answers in responding to an issue could consider the risks and benefits as well as the emotional response to those related to the issue. The 'very good' category obtained a percentage of 15.74% because the students' answers in responding to social issues were already logical and used scientific language for various considerations of either sustainable losses or benefits. As for the category 'good enough' to get a percentage of 6.02%, it is known that students' answers respond to a social issue by considering a sense of concern. The results of mastery of each Informal Reasoning (IR) pattern are rational patterns with the highest acquisition of 46% then emotive patterns of 29%, while intuitive patterns with a percentage of 25%. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that the Informal Reasoning (IR) abilities of SMA Negeri 1 Toroh students are influenced by several factors including teacher competence, cognitive knowledge, regional demographics and infrastructure.

Using Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectually (SAVI) Learning Model On Primary School To Enhance Science Learning Outcomes

This research purposes to determine the influence of the Somatic Auditory Visualization Intellectually (SAVI) Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes of 5th Grade Students on the Human Body Concept and to find out the results of students' Science learning on the Human Body Skeleton Material. The research design used was an experiment by means of a non-equivalent control group design and focusses in this examination were fifth grade primary school students. The investigation sample involved of two classes, to be exact the experimental class and the control group. In the experimental group there were 30 students, and in the control class there were 32 students. In obtaining the numbers, the researcher used the science learning achievement test method in the form of multiple-choice questions and documentation. The findings of the experiment indication that the SAVI learning model has an influence on the learning outcomes of natural science on the subject of the human body framework. The outcomes of analysis the assumption with the Mann Whitney test achieved from a posttest value of 0.000 <0.05 funds that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The average of the experimental class that used the SAVI learning model was 79.7 better than the control class that was treated with Direct Instruction learning with an average of 62.4. The presentation of the SAVI learning model is expected to reassure students to be enthusiastically involved in solving problems and to consider analytically and critically.

Informal Reasoning Profile of State Senior High School Students in Brebes Regency

This study aims to look at the Informal Reasoning profiles of public high school students in the Brebes Regency. Informal Reasoning is a type of thinking used by students in considering socio-scientific issues, which involves considering causation, pros and cons, and alternatives. The research was conducted at 11 public high schools in Brebes Regency using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling method. The research data was obtained through tests in the form of multiple-choice questions and essays that tested students' mastery of Informal Reasoning regarding issues such as HIV-AIDS, GMOs, and cloning. The results showed that 79.64% of students had good Informal Reasoning skills, 18.26% of students had very good abilities, and 2.10% of students had moderate abilities. These results indicate that most high school students in Brebes District have good Informal Reasoning skills in addressing socio-scientific issues. Comparing some of the results of students' Informal Reasoning between schools forms a pattern of possible causal factors, such as teachers' habits in teaching and giving questions, environment, region (rural and urban areas), as well as the availability of facilities and infrastructure.

PENGARUH METODE BERDONGENG MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA WAYANG TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK SISWA KELAS II SDN 32 CAKRANEGARA TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the storytelling method using wayang media on the listening skills of class II students at SDN 32 Cakranegara in the 2022/2023 academic year. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental Design type Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all grade II students at SDN 32 Cakranegara for the 2022/2023 academic year with a total of 70 students. The sampling technique used was Simple Random Sampling and obtained 30 students as samples. The data collection technique used tests in the form of multiple choice questions and filling in the results of listening skills (pretest-posttest). The analysis technique in this study used the t-test, the value of tcount > ttable was obtained, namely 3.316 > 2.469. This shows that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which says there is an effect of the storytelling method using wayang media on students' listening skills. The use of the storytelling method using wayang media can affect students' listening skills, therefore it is advisable to use the storytelling method using wayang media in listening learning.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Sanitasi Higiene Terhadap Perilaku Kebersihan Siswa Smk Program Keahlian Kuliner Dalam Praktik Pengolahan Makanan

Hygiene in the food sector cannot be separated from the application of hygienic sanitation and hygiene behavior. However, the observation results show that there are still students who have not properly applied food hygiene sanitation knowledge when processing food. The purpose of this study was to find out 1) an overview of students' food hygiene sanitation knowledge, 2) an overview of students' hygiene behavior in food processing practices, and 3) the effect of food hygiene sanitation knowledge on students' hygiene behavior. The research used is descriptive evaluative quantitative research. The instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of multiple choice questions and observation sheets. Knowledge test is used to measure the level of students' knowledge. While the observation is to see students' hygiene behavior when practicing food processing. The analysis technique uses regression. The results showed 1) knowledge of sanitation hygiene 6 students (9.1%) were in the medium category, 37 students (56.1%) were in the good category, and 23 students (34.8%) were in the very good category, 2) behavior cleanliness of 1 student is in the good category and 65 students (98.48%) are in the very good category, 3) hygiene sanitation knowledge affects students' hygiene behavior when practicing food processing with a large influence on the R Square value of 0.115 or 11.5 %. This research implies that sanitary hygiene is applied to every subject. 2) the hygiene behavior of 1 student is in the good category and 65 students (98.48%) are in the very good category, 3) hygiene sanitation knowledge influences students' hygiene behavior when practicing food processing with a large influence on the R Square value of 0.115 or equal to 11.5%. This research implies that sanitary hygiene is applied to every subject. 2) the hygiene behavior of 1 student is in the good category and 65 students (98.48%) are in the very good category, 3) hygiene sanitation knowledge influences students' hygiene behavior when practicing food processing with a large influence on the R Square value of 0.115 or equal to 11.5%. This research implies that sanitary hygiene is applied to every subject.

Quizizz Sebagai Media Untuk Memetakan Pemahaman Konsep Optika Geometri Calon Guru Fisika

This study aims to map the understanding of geometrical optics concepts for physics teacher candidates using the Quizizz application. The type of research used is experimental research. The sample used in this study was 30 students majoring in physics education at Yogyakarta State University as a control class. The research method used is the questionnaire method. Instruments used in the form of multiple-choice questions. Data obtained were analyzed by CRI (Certainty of Response Index) techniques and inferential statistics (Test-t). The results of the study are described that the highest misconception using Quizizz is in the number 6 questions with the indicator of the shadow properties produced by microscope, whereas without using Quizizz there are questions number 5 with a magnification indicator on the lup. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is no prescription the level of understanding of the concept of students when using Quizizz and without Quizizz.Keywords: misconceptions, students, geometry optics, Quizizz

The effect of ex-add learning techniques on critical thinking skills and pedagogic competence of Islamic education students

This study aimed to determine the effect of explain-analysis-doing-discussion or known as ex-add learning techniques on critical thinking skills and pedagogic competence of Islamic religious education students at State Islamic University (UIN) Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi and at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia. The approach used quantitative with quasi-experimental techniques. The number seen in this study was 31 students from UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The data were obtained using tests, namely pretest, and posttest. The test instrument was in the form of multiple-choice questions, each consisting of 40 questions. Data analysis was carried out using percentage techniques, N-gain analysis, and a T-test. Based on the data and discussion that has been done, it can be concluded that the ex-add technique in ‘learning methods and strategies’ can increase critical thinking skill (CTS) and pedagogic competence (PC) respectively by 78 .23% in the ‘high’ category and 59.81% in the ‘medium’ category. This is reinforced by the results of the T-test that both variables obtain a value (2-tailed) of 0.0000.05. This means that there is an average difference between the pretest and posttest scores for each variable. In other words, it can be said that the increase in student CTS and PC after participating in learning with the ex-add technique is significant.

Development of interactive multimedia in improving the ability to think logically in cell concepts

This research is motivated by educators who do not optimize learning media in teaching biology in high school, so this will have an impact on students' thinking skills at a concrete level. This study aims to develop learning and the application of multimedia to improve students' thinking power. This study uses the Borg and Gall development model through the stages of research and information gathering, planning, initial product development, initial field trials, main product revisions, main field trials, product revision operations, operational field trials, final product revisions, outreach, and implementation. Follow-up research combined with quasi-experimental research. This multimedia validation involves media experts, content experts, and linguists as well as students. The research instrument used was in the form of multiple-choice questions. The development results have been assessed by expert judgment. The developed multimedia learning can be used well at the high school level in Class XI IPA and is classified as very good. The results obtained for improving students' thinking skills in biology learning can be used in the learning process by obtaining the results of increasing students' thinking skills.

KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA PADA MATERI VIRUS PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMAN 3 LUWUK

Students' scientific literacy in virus material is important to know their ability to read, write, or speak to get information or knowledge from various sources on virus material. the purpose of this study was to look at the scientific literacy skills of Luwuk 3 Public High School students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection technique used in this study consisted of observation, filling out the instrument by students. This type of research questionnaire is in the form of multiple choice questions that are used to measure students' scientific literacy abilities, namely students' understanding in identifying scientific problems, explaining phenomena scientifically and using scientific evidence. data analysis using descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the researcher can conclude that of the 3 indicators measured, namely, the first identifies a scientific issue with a bad category present value (35.57%), the second explains the phenomenon scientifically with a moderate present value (50.75%) , and third, utilizing scientific evidence with a percentage value in the sufficient category (54.73%). The present results for all categories show that the scientific literacy skills of SMAN 3 Luwuk students regarding the Covid-19 virus are in the sufficient category with a percentage value of 47.39%.

Preferred methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia adopted by Ayurveda practitioners - A Survey Study

Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) refers to the nonmalignant growth of prostate gland. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Mutraaghata or Mutradosha. Currently used common oral medications such as 5α-reductase inhibitors, α1-Blockers as well as surgical treatment methods such as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) have well-known side effects. Ayurveda case studies on BPH show evidence of a potential alternative to these current methods. Objectives: To conduct a survey to know the diagnostic methods and treatment modalities used by different Ayurveda Practitioners in BPH treatment. Materials & Methods: A survey comprising 7 questions in the form of multiple-choice questions on the diagnosis and treatment methods of BPH adopted by Ayurveda Physicians was done. The answers were recorded and interpreted in the form of graphs and pie charts. Results: A total of 57 different Ayurveda practitioners participated in the survey. Prevalence of BPH was seen more in the age group of 60-70 years. Ultrasonography (USG) and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) were among the most commonly used diagnostic methods for BPH. Most common symptoms observed were increased frequency of urine, urine incontinence and urine urgency. Uttara Basti (administration of medicine through the urethra) was the most recommended type of treatment procedure preferred, followed by Matra Basti (enema). Avagaha Swedana (Sitz bath) was recommended by most practitioners. The course duration of treatment is advised to be around half to one month. Around 40-60% relief was claimed in patients with BPH by the participants. Conclusion: BPH is a condition that is currently being treated by various Ayurveda practitioners using classical treatment methods such as Uttara Basti, Matra Basti etc. with claimed relief of about 40-60% by the participants.

PENGARUH BLENDED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 METRO BARAT

The problem of this research is that students do not understand the material online and the learning outcomes of mathematics are low. This study aims to determine the significant effect of blended learning on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Metro Barat. This type of research is experimental research with quantitative research methods and non-equivalent control group design. The research population was 40 students and used the saturated sample technique. The research data were obtained from observation sheets, pre-test and post-test questions in the form of multiple choice questions that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using simple regression test. The results of simple regression analysis have a positive and significant effect on the application of blended learning on learning outcomes with the regression equation obtained Ŷ = 1,65 + 32,4 X and obtained Fcount significance test = 11.453 with n = 18 for an error level of 5% obtained Ftable is 4.41. So that Fcount > Ftable, which is 11, 453 > 4.41, it means that it is significant.

THE EFFECT OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO MEDIA ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRADE IV STUDENT IN SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBJECTS AT SD NEGERI 91 SOREANG DESA TAMALATE KECAMATAN GALESONG UTARA

This study is an experimental study that aims to see whether there is an effect of using video media on student learning outcomes in social studies subjects for class IV SD Negeri 91 Soreang. The research design used is the None Equivalent Control Design. The independent variable of this research is video media. The dependent variable is learning outcomes. The study population was 36 students with 21 males and 15 females consisting of two classes. The sampling technique used is purpose sampling. The instrument that the researcher uses is in the form of multiple choice questions, totaling 20 questions. Data collection techniques are tests, observations and documentation. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using independent sample T-test. The results of the hypothesis test showed that video media had an effect on learning outcomes. The application of video media in the fourth grade of SD Negeri 91 Soreang is in the very good category. Student learning outcomes in social studies subjects in the control and experimental classes were in the good category. The conclusion of this study is that video media has an effect on social studies learning outcomes for fourth grade students of SD Negeri 91 Soreang.

Management of neonatal pulmonary hypertension-a survey of neonatal intensive care units in India

BackgroundPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a common neonatal condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. First-line diagnostic and treatment options such as echocardiography and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) are not routinely available in resource limited settings and alternative treatment modalities need to be utilized. This study was conducted to assess current diagnostic and management strategies used for PPHN in Indian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).MethodsA questionnaire in multiple choice question format was sent to practising neonatologists in India via an online survey tool between July to August 2021. Information pertaining to demographic data, diagnostic criteria and management strategies of PPHN was requested. The responses were collated and information processed.ResultsThere were 118 respondent NICUs (response rate 74%). The majority of neonatal units (65%) admitted an average of 1–3 patients of PPHN per month. Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) was practised in 80% of the units. Most common management strategies being followed were pulmonary vasodilators (88.1%), inotropes (85.6%), conventional ventilation (68.6%) and high frequency ventilation (59.3%). The most preferred pulmonary vasodilator was sildenafil (79%) and inotropic agent was milrinone (32%). Only 25% of respondents reported use of iNO. None of the participating units used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ConclusionWe found wide variability in management practices of PPHN across Indian NICUs. Non-selective pulmonary vasodilators are more widely used than iNO. There is an urgent need for structured TnECHO training programs and evidence based national guidelines for standardized management of PPHN as per availability of resources in India. Additional research on low cost alternative therapies to iNO in Indian settings might be helpful.

Implementation of PBL-flipped classroom learning model to improve the learning outcomes of junior high school students in human excretion system materials

This study aims to describe the increase in learning outcomes and student responses by applying the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model in human excretion system materials. The type of research used is pre-experimental design research through one group pretest-postest design. The subjects in this study were involved as a class VIII-D at Junior High School 1 Tugu. The data collection technique was carried out using a knowledge test in the form of multiple choice questions before and after the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model was applied and student response questionnaires to the application of the PBL-Flipped Learning model. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed in the form of student learning outcomes and student responses. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the N-Gain analysis and paired sample t-test. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the N-Gain analysis and paired sample t-test. The results of the N-Gain test obtained were 0.66, which was included in the medium category. Student learning outcomes have increased significantly, with a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. The results of the student response were included in the very good category with a percentage of 99%. Based on the facts above, there is an effect of the PBL-Flipped Classroom learning model to improve the learning outcomes of junior high school students on the human excretion system materials.

Guided Discovery Learning-Based Chemistry E-Module and Its Effect on Students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of guided discovery learning-based e-modules in improving senior high school students' higher-order thinking skills. It belongs to quasi-experimental research with a nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design. Three schools in Padang, Indonesia, were chosen as the samples through a purposive sampling technique, and experimental and control classes in each school were assigned based on the homogeneity of their previous academic score. Research instruments were a higher-order thinking cognitive test using multiple-choice questions and worksheets in the guided discovery learning-based e-module made for salt hydrolysis, electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions, and chemical elements. Students' test scores were analyzed using the N-gain test and independent sample t-test. The results show that students' higher-order thinking skills in the experimental classes were significantly higher than in the control classes. Most students could fill in the worksheets in the e-modules whose problems were made according to higher-order thinking skills criteria. Multiple representations integrated with learning materials in the e-modules helped students understand chemistry concepts. The ordered stages of guided discovery learning integrated with complete and interactive multimedia in the e-modules facilitated students to engage in learning, investigating, and evaluating information to conclude; the attempts to train higher-order thinking skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that guided discovery learning-based chemistry e-module can effectively improve senior high school students' higher-order thinking skills.

Pengaruh Media Google Earth Terhadap Materi Tata Letak Dan Denah Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Papahan Tasikmadu Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023

This research aims to investigate whether or not Google Earth has an influence on Layout and Floor Plan Material for Grade IV Students at SD Negeri 02 Papahan Tasikmadu in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. In addition, it is also to find out whether there are obstacles and benefits of Google Earth Media for Layout and Floor Plan Material for Class IV Students at SD Negeri 02 Papahan Tasikmadu for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research has a population of 32 students from Class IV A, namely SD Negeri 02 Papahan Tasikmadu for the 2022/2023 academic year with a saturated sampling technique. Furthermore, the data collection techniques used are observation and learning achievement tests. Observation is used to observe students' initial conditions before being given treatment and learning outcomes tests in the form of multiple choice questions after being given treatment. The analysis technique is carried out in 2 ways, namely: from the prerequisite test and the t-test. The prerequisite test consists of the normality test and homogeneity test. Meanwhile, the t-test uses the Paired Sample T-test. Analysis of the use of the t-test formula in the form of a Paired Sample T-Test yields, if a significant value is 0.001 > 0.05, it can be said that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. In addition, the value of tcount = 16.030 can be compared with the value of ttable with the value of dk = (N-1) then (32-1) = 29 at a level at a significance level of 5% will have a ttable value of 2.042. When compared tcount and ttable then 16.030 > 2.042. Alternative hypothesis (Ha), is accepted if tcount > ttable. The next hypothesis could be "the influence of Google Earth media on Layout and Floor Plan Material in Grade IV Students at SD Negeri 02 Papahan Tasikmadu for the Academic Year 2022/2023" at a significance level of 5%.

The Influence of the Ropes Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in Accounting Subject Class Xi of SMK Negeri 7 Medan Academic Year 2022/2023

The problem in this research is the low achievement of students in class XI AK accounting at SMK Negeri 7 Medan. This study aims to determine the results of learning accounting using the ROPES learning model will be significantly higher than the results of learning accounting using conventional learning methods in class XI students of SMK Negeri 7 Medan in the 2022/2023 academic year. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 7 Medan which is located at Jalan STM No. 12 E Kampung Baru, Sitirejo II, Medan Amplas District. This type of research is experimental research. The population in this study were all students of class XI Accounting at SMK Negeri 7 Medan which consisted of 6 classes with a total of 212 students. Sampling in this study was carried out in 2 stages, the first stage of the 6 classes taken 2 classes with purposive sampling technique , namely class XI AK 2 as the Control class and class XI AK 6 as the Experiment class. And the second stage of sampling using random sampling technique, and to determine the number of sample members used the Slovin formula, as many as 60 students, with details of class XI AK 2 (control class) totaling 30 students, and class XI AK 6 (class experiment) amounted to 30 students. The technique of collecting data on learning outcomes uses test questions. This test is in the form of multiple choice questions totaling 20 items. Thus, it can be concluded that the accounting learning outcomes taught using the ROPES Learning Model were significantly higher than the accounting learning outcomes taught using the conventional learning model in class XI AK students at SMK Negeri 7 Medan, Academic Year 2022/ 2023 on the subject matter of Service Companies.

Komparasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Examples Non Examples dan Picture and Picture terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa

This study aims to determine the comparison of cooperative learning models of the Examples Non-Examples and Picture And Picture types on student learning outcomes on internet hardware material in terms of learning motivation in class X SMA Karya Sekadau, Regency. The research method uses the experimental method, a form of factorial designThe research instrument was a test in the form of multiple choice questions and a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way anava. The results of the anava test show: 1) There are differences in learning outcomes after being treated with cooperative learning models of the Examples Non Examples and Picture and Picture types on internet hardware material in class X SMA Karya Sekadau Regency with the Examples Non Examples models, 2) There are differences learning outcomes of students who have high learning motivation with students who have low learning motivation on internet hardware material in class X SMA Karya Sekadau Regency, 3) There is interaction of learning models with learning motivation on student learning outcomes on internet hardware material in class X SMA Karya Sekadau Regency with Model Examples Non Examples.

Development of Test Instruments in Substance Pressure to Measure Student's Numerical Literacy Ability

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument test to measure student's numeracy literacy skills on substance pressure and its application. The research was conducted using the Research and Development (RD) development method trough the ADDIE research design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) through several stages, namely curriculum analysis, content analysis, context analysis, and determining instrument framework, instrument development, pilot testing instrument and item analysis of the instrument. The trial was conducted on a sample determined by a random sampling technique. The item analysis of the instrument includes item validity test, item reliability test, item difficulty level, and item discriminatory power. The results of this study were the test instrument of numeracy literacy in the form of multiple-choice questions with 18 reliable questions with a reliability coefficient of 0.903. Based on the validity test, there are 5 questions with moderate validity category, 10 questions with high validity category, and 3 questions with very high validity category. Based on the results of the discriminatory power test and the level of difficulty of the questions, it was obtained that all questions had distinguishing power in the good category with the difficulty level of the questions in the easy, medium, and difficult category are 1, 13, and 4 questions, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the numerical literacy test instrument on the substance pressure material and its application can be used as a test instrument to measure student's numeracy literacy skills.

The Supreme of Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes for Students through the Application of Problem-Based Learning Model

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is one of the appropriate models developed in learning to answer the issue of increasing the quality of learning. This study aims to analyse the effect of applying the problem-based learning model in learning Indonesian general courses. This research is experimental. The sample in this study were students who took Indonesian language courses in the first semester at Padang State University. Samples for the experimental and control classes each amounted to 30 people. Data collection techniques using pretest and posttest with t-test. The instrument used was in the form of multiple choice questions totalling 30 questions which had previously been tested for the validity and reliability of the questions. From the calculation results obtained t-count (2.65) t-table (1.67). From these results, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model significantly affects learning outcomes in Indonesian language courses.The implications of this research can assist lecturers in creating an effective and efficient learning process and can be used to shape positive student behaviour to create an academic atmosphere oriented towards 21st-century learning.