Cultural Forms Research Articles

The culture of child labor as a current expression of neo-colonialism

This article discusses how the persistence of child labor, especially in Brazil and the United States of America, constitutes a current facet of neo-colonialism. Cultivated as an educational and dignifying activity, exploited child labor persists and is naturalized. Schools, religions, and the legislation contribute to making the working class come to love and naturalize what in the past was understood as torture and punishment, thus jointly acting as a fundamental means of forming a new cultural form: the love of work. Initially, the article discusses how the culture of work is historically founded and then argues against the idealist and postmodern explanations that naturalize it. The argument is based on the understanding that culture has a material basis and is linked to the production and social reproduction of life. Data from the empirical research on child labor in tobacco farming in Brazil and the USA reveal the persistence of the problem among Latino children and families. We conclude with the need to found a new culture for contemporary society, based on other social and economic relations, which allows the working class to free itself from what dominates and exploits it.

The Significance and Possible Shortcomings of African Philosophy: A Look at Ekwuru, Emeka George Afrizealotism

African philosophy’s and its attendant development in the twentieth century is relatively recent, traceable to some seminal texts, and ancient, drawing on cultural forms that stretch back in time and space. Since its inception in the mid-20th century, African Philosophy has become a full-fledged academic discipline. Many readers and anthologies, introductions, and other pedagogical publications have been published, along with a great number of texts striving to give an overview of the field, often in comparison with Western philosophy or with philosophies from other regions of the world. However, the discipline and pursuit is bedevilled with issue around relevance as many school of thought and scholars have not question its existence but also what its stand to achieve. Hence, in this paper, we will be examining the significance of African philosophy, and highlighting its possible shortcomings. The paper will also recommend possible solutions to the decline of African philosophy.

Impacts of sea level rise on the cultural heritage of oceanic islands: Modeling twenty-first century scenarios in the Canary archipelago

Oceanic islands constitute 0.05% of emerged land masses but account for 2% of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Physical constraints have determined that the history of these remote territories is marked by globally unique forms of colonization and human cultures. A significant part of this heritage, located in coastal areas, is threatened by the mean sea level rise (SLR) due to anthropogenic climate change. This paper presents a regional approach to the risk estimation of SLR in the cultural heritage of oceanic islands, taking the Canary Islands (Spain) as an example. The Canary Islands is one of the most prominent oceanic archipelagos in the world (∼1500 km of coastline), where cultural heritage, preferentially located in the coastal areas (up to 50% in the first 1 km), nicely represents the two major stages of human occupation of islands (aboriginal and European). Through process-based modeling, high resolution flood maps were obtained for 20 climate scenarios and complete coverage of the archipelago. These maps were combined with detailed planimetries of 343 officially designated cultural heritage sites, applying damage functions to relate flood depth with the type of construction and the historical period. The results indicate potential damage to 55 cultural heritage sites of the Canary Islands which could be significant in 15 of them. For these cases, it is recommended to study specific adaptation measures aimed at mitigating the flood risk, such as moving the heritage assets away from the hazard areas or reinforcing and protecting the structures to reduce their vulnerability.

Periodisasi Sejarah Hukum Adat

Customary law is a form of law that still exists in the lives of traditional law communities in Indonesia. The existence of customary law as a form of law whose existence is recognized in the life and legal culture of Indonesian society is stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the background of the problem, the problem formulation is: 1) what is the periodization of the history of customary law in Indonesia? and 2) what are the benefits of studying customary law? This research uses normative juridical research methods that are qualitative in nature. The data source used is a secondary data source, while the data collection method in researching research objects is library data obtained through library research. The results of this research provide an illustration that the periodization of customary law in Indonesia consists of the Ancient era, up to around 500, the Kingdom era (from 500 to 1600), the period of influence of Islam and other religions, the Dutch East Indies period, and the period after independence. . The benefits of studying customary law are that customary law is a form of Indonesian legal culture, the position and role of customary law in national development, and customary law as a means of social control.

Economic and Socio-cultural Changes at the Edge of Eras: Post-industrial Society

The article offers an analysis of the most famous scientific works of the 20th century (such as, С. Clark, J. Fourastié, D. Bell, T. Roszak, H.-M. McLuhan, T. Stonier, R. Katz, F. Webster, Z. Brzezinski, A. Toffler, A. Toynbee, J. Baudrillard, J.-F. Lyotard, etc.), related to the study of the key concepts of the information age, its objective foundations of development, which formed the main scientific, sociopolitical currents of the last century, opened perspectives for the development of modern political thought and possible ways of forming society in the 21st century. What happened at the end (or rather in the second half) of the 20th century, forcing even conservative skeptics to recognize the end of a long era of industrial development? The reasons for these processes, as shown by social and socio-political processes, must be sought in the economy. In addition to the primary and secondary sectors of the economy, there has always been a tertiary sector related to the sphere of services. In the second half of the 20th century thanks to the development of technology, the importance of the tertiary, service sector of the economy began to grow steadily, which marked the end of the era of industrial society and the beginning of a new, post-industrial history. The consequence of this was the emergence of new forms of culture and the transformation of social relations. The concepts of “post-industrial society,” “information society,” and “information age” are often mentioned in journalistic texts of the mass media and scientific publications. However, if you set yourself the goal of understanding what a post-industrial society or the information revolution is, it will not be so easy. Different authors often put their own meaning into these concepts, thus turning their texts into what is called in psychoanalysis a flow of free associations. The intention to make certain corrections to the concept of “post-industrial society,” to outline the main trends and features of the postmodern era, and explore the potential consequences of its influence on various spheres of life of modern civilization, became the reason for the creation of this article.

The Shift of Philippine Architectural Media toward Digitalization (2018-2023)

This research examines how Philippine architectural communication experienced a renewal after the pandemic crisis. First, through a shift from the country’s flagship architectural magazine, BluPrint, toward a personally initiated digital platform, Kanto. Since BluPrint started to become digital in 2018, the publishers aimed at more aggressive targets for new articles. When Covid hit the Philippines in the beginning of 2020, it made BluPrint suffer and confused. The publisher company focused on the business side to diminish the encountered deficit. They started reaching out to a common lifestyle market but the journalists wished to continue addressing architects and the public interested in architecture. As the company wanted to broaden the target, the journalists felt that most of their content did not fit for that expansion. As result of the tension, in December 2020, most of BluPrint’s former staff decided to leave and “migrate” for Kanto. Kanto, a digital platform was created out of the former personal blog of one the migrant journalists to be an intellectual venue for art and architecture advocacy. Upon this departure, BluPrint’s publisher noticed that not only the magazine could not be published for a whole year in 2020 but also, it lost its journalists for a new competitor. Thus after a significant interruption, the publisher decided to renew BluPrint with a fully new staff. This marks the second shift, the complete digital transition of the originally printed, then blended BluPrint. These dynamic communication aspects of architecture, construction and built environment have not yet been sufficiently investigated, unlike their physical aspects. In order to elaborate findings, after a review of literature on worldwide shifts towards digital media, this paper matches observations on the institutional history and performance of BluPrint and Kanto with a second line of premises, qualitative statements. It reviews how former BluPrint, now migrant journalists are successful on the digital platform Kanto, in a fully different organizational and financial system. It also presents how BluPrint also experienced a renewal with its fully new staff. Behind both shifts, an underlying dilemma between financial success and content success became sharper in times of the increasing and now almost obligatory digitalization. Events and festivals are strongly needed by both online publications to create a tangible and interactive basis for gathering experiences of architecture lovers among themselves and with their “star architects”. In summary, the digitalization established a wider variety of journalistic forms which appear in more spontaneous, less focused presentations. While BluPrint strives after a wider viewership with an entertaining character, Kanto tries to deliver more depth in the profession embedded in a variety of artistic and cultural forms. As conclusion, in both shifts, content curation strategies prevailed over technological skills. The described genre shifts propelled deeper changes in both the content and nature of architectural discourse in the Philippines. The shifts also drew up a new relationship pattern between practicing architects, contractors and architectural media.

Geospatial modelling of farmer–herder interactions maps cultural geography of Bronze and Iron Age Tibet, 3600–2200 BP

Tibetan cultures reflect deeply rooted, regional interactions and diverse subsistence practices across varied high-altitude environments of the Tibetan Plateau. Yet, it remains unclear how these cultural relationships and social interactions took shape through time and how they were influenced by ecologically oriented behavioral strategies (e.g. mobility) emerging in prehistory. Recent applications of network analysis provide novel tools to quantitatively measure shared forms of material culture, but there have been fewer attempts to couple social network analysis with fine-grained geospatial modelling of prehistoric human mobility in Tibet. In this study, we developed an integrated high-resolution geospatial model and network analysis that simulates and correlates subsistence-based mobility and ceramic-based cultural material connectivity across the Tibetan Plateau. Our analysis suggests that (1) ecologically driven patterns of subsistence-based mobility correspond geographically with Bronze and Iron Ages settlement patterns across the Tibetan Plateau; (2) diverse material interaction networks among communities within western and central Tibet and trans-Himalayan connectivity across the broader Inner Asian Mountain Corridor can be linked to modeled differences in regional networks of subsistence mobility. This research provides ecological and archaeological insights into how subsistence-oriented mobility and interaction may have shaped documented patterns of social and material connectivity among regional Bronze and Iron Age communities of the Tibetan Plateau, prompting a reconsideration of Tibet's long-term cultural geography.

Social and cultural space as a factor of the musical culture's formation

The paper is devoted to the consideration of the social and cultural space as a factor of the musical culture's formation on the example of Barnaul city in the 18th–19th centuries. It gives some possible definitions of the term “social and cultural space”, and also consider their semantics and characteristic features. In the paper, the principles of the social and cultural space dynamics are characterized and its relation with cultural needs is revealed. Based on the interpenetration of social and cultural orders, the social and cultural space in the process of its development has a significant impact on the cultural needs of society, consisting in the development of new cultural forms. The advantageous environment developed in Barnaul of the 18th–19th centuries due to economic and cultural ties with the capital St. Petersburg contributed to the qualitative and dynamic development of the musical culture's subsystem. Due to numerous contacts with the capital, Barnaul also played the role of a cultural center in relation to rural settlements, and it is greatly facilitated by the process of active urbanization. The state policy towards Barnaul, and also high interest of the local population, together, had an effective impact on the formation of such a social and cultural space in the region, which later itself became a catalyst for the development of cultural life and, in particular, local musical culture.

Language Plurality and Practices of Translation in Sigmund Freud's Work: Another Chapter in the History of Multilingualism in the German-Speaking Lands

abstract: By bringing together various examples of multilingualism in Freud's work, this article addresses the question of how experiences of linguistic diversity and translation might have affected the development of psychoanalytic language thinking. In a historical perspective, by conceiving of humans as essentially polyphonic and every language as ambiguous, Freud's theory stands in remarkable opposition to the romantic conception of a unique mother tongue and the long-standing cultural devaluation of multilingualism in the German-speaking lands. It therefore deserves to be reassessed and integrated into current research on the history of cultural and literary forms of multilingualism.

Social capital and the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital: How parents’ social networks influence children's accumulation of cultural capital

How does families’ social networks influence the transmission of cultural capital to their children? Earlier research on this process has mainly focused on within-family mechanisms, and the role of social capital as conceptualized by Pierre Bourdieu has here received little attention. This article explores this question through a study of parents’ social ties and parents’ and children's cultural, leisurely, and athletic practices, using Geometric Data Analysis and regression analysis of data on children (N = 4754) and their parents in the city of Bergen, Norway. The analysis finds that parents with social ties to higher status occupations have children that are more often exposed to traditional legitimate forms of culture, also when other familial resources are controlled for. When ties composition is heterogeneous, composed of both working class and elite ties, elite ties shape cultural consumption. The study finds evidence of Bourdieu's multiplier hypothesis, that returns from other capitals is multiplied by social capital, also that high volumes of social capital can compensate somewhat for having no cultural capital. Within-family characteristics are key to understanding the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital, but significant support for this process may be found in parents’ social networks.

美国左翼文学中的儿童教育叙事

Tillie Olsen was one of the famous left-wing female writers in the United States in the 1930s. Her novel Yonnondio: From the Thirties focuses on the marginalized group of coal miner families, especially young girls, and examines the impact of the lower-class cultural life on their growth. This work holds significant social significance. The novel showcases the influence of cultural activities such as school education, public libraries, and movies on the development of children, revealing the negative effects of the capitalist education system on working-class girls in terms of class and gender. On the other hand, popular cultural forms like movies provide a certain liberating space. The protagonist in the novel gradually grows under the complex influence of various ideologies and begins to independently choose cultural forms that align with her own interests, reflecting the author’s affirmation of the subjectivity and agency of children from working-class families.

Forming Legal Culture in Customary Forest Management: Local Wisdom Approach of Customary Law Communities

Customary law communities in Indonesia firmly attach to customary forests in their territory. For generations, they have preserved and managed customary forests according to customary rules, either written or unwritten, that reflect local wisdom. This article aims to analyze customary law communities' local wisdom approach in forest management to realize legal compliance that reflects legal culture. It assesses local wisdom as the essential form of legal culture in customary forest management and scrutinizes efforts to strengthen local wisdom in forest management arrangements. This article reflects a socio-legal method that explores relevant statutory regulations and their implementation in society. The research and analysis suggest that the legal culture of customary law communities takes the form of compliance in managing forests due to the local wisdom they have internalized from generation to generation. Local wisdom in various regions in Indonesia is integrated with local rules that align with the function of customary law to create social order. It has also been found that several regional governments in Indonesia have made an effort to strengthen local wisdom. The regional government's recognition of the status of customary law communities as the actors in customary forest management has legitimated the local wisdom in protecting customary forests.

Instagrammable Culture: Implications of Social Media on the Younger Generation's Perception of Cultural Art

This research investigates the impact of social media, specifically Instagram, on shaping the perceptions of the younger generation towards cultural art. Employing qualitative research methods and conducting a comprehensive literature analysis, the study explores the phenomenon termed Instagrammable Culture. The primary focus is to comprehend how this cultural shift influences the younger generation in understanding, appreciating, and promoting cultural art forms. The research also seeks to identify alterations in the aesthetics of cultural art, the commercialization it undergoes due to social media prevalence, and shifts in direct experiences associated with cultural art. The overarching goal is to provide valuable insights for researchers, art practitioners, and educators, contributing to the preservation of the integrity of cultural art. In conclusion, this research advocates for more profound and meaningful engagements with cultural art in the rapidly advancing digital era to ensure its continued relevance and significance.

Perceptions and Learning Motivation of Indonesian Students: Multiple Regression Analysis of The Practice of Organizing Film Festivals in Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the forms of events that occur in a film festival where the audience is at the center of the dynamics of the contemporary environment. Theoretical reference: Nowadays, the development of the practice of curation is not only seen in activities at museums and art exhibitions, but also in the practice of other activities, such as film festivals. The selection process, work selection, and archiving are all key steps in the process of fusing ideas with the aesthetic form that will be shown. Thus, this study aims at exploring the events form where the audience is at the center of the dynamics of the contemporary environment in a film festival. Method: This study used a survey method involving 306 students with film concentrations from five state universities in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Heteroscedasticity Test, Normality Test, One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Multiple Regression Analysis, T-Test, and Simultaneous Test (F Test). Result and Conclusion: This study revealed that several factors influence perceptions and learning motivation shown by students in the practice of curating and reviewing films in the organization of film festivals. Implication of research: Based on the results of this study, the influence was considered insignificant; the researchers obtained 7.8% of the simultaneous effect of the variables of perception and learning motivation on the practice of organizing film festivals in Indonesia. Originality/value: In this study, the researchers seek to investigate new cultural forms in film festival programs, especially film festivals in Indonesia, to help them capture social concepts as inspiration for helping audiences understand the point of view at the film festival, as well as appreciation from the audience, stakeholders and filmmakers in exploring the form of events in the field during the film festival.

Conservation of Green and White Ash Germplasm Using the Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Cultures

Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and white ash (F. americana) populations are currently experiencing major declines across their native ranges in North America due to infestation by the exotic insect pest emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). The development of a reliable method for the long-term storage of green and white ash germplasm in the form of embryogenic cultures using cryopreservation would be a considerable aid to ash conservation efforts. We compared recovery percentages of cryopreserved green and white ash embryogenic cultures using vitrification versus slow cooling methods. Three Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) exposure durations (40, 60, and 80 min) for vitrification and three DMSO concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) for slow cooling were tested for their effects on the percentage of cultures that regrew following cryostorage. Vitrification resulted in a higher overall culture recovery percentage (91%) compared to cultures that were cryostored using the slow cooling approach (39%), and a more rapid initiation of regrowth (5 days versus 2–3 weeks) resulted. Recovery from cryostorage by cultures using the slow cooling approach varied significantly (p < 0.05) between experiments and with genotype (p < 0.05). The recovery of vitrified tissue from cryostorage did not vary with genotype, species, or PVS2 exposure duration (p > 0.05). The vitrification cryopreservation protocol provides a reliable and versatile alternative to the traditional slow cooling method, strengthening our ability to preserve valuable ash germplasm for conservation and restoration.

Commemorative Albums of the Higher Communist Schools of the GDR in the 1950s (Based on Materials from the Personal Fund of Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. I. Lepeshkin)

Historic artifacts speak to the fact that various cultural forms existed in different historical periods. The recently discovered works presented in this article are unique artifacts of the cultural history of post-war Europe. Alexey Lepeshkin, who was a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and a specialist in the field of Soviet public law, was presented with two commemorative albums of the higher communist schools of the GDR (1952). As of today, these albums are part of Lepeshkin’s personal fund, and are stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (f. No.2004). This article gives the first scientific account of these items. The complex study of commemorative albums is relevant due to the lack of research in the area of handwritten commemorative albums of that period. A comprehensive analysis of the historical and cultural context of the interaction among the socialist countries after the end of the Second World War as exemplified by the relations between Russia and Germany in the example of two commemorative albums of German communist institutions of higher education gives researchers an opportunity to bring these manuscripts into a wider cultural and political context. The genre of hand-made folklore albums has a number of distinctive features in both form and content. This article is devoted to a formal and meaningful description and analysis of these memorial artifacts, both in terms of the texts contained in them, and in terms of visual anthropological analysis of photographs, drawings, and calligraphic features. On the basis of this material, we can draw conclusions about the preservation of folklore pragmatics and forms of existence by such albums, regardless of the change in the social structure in Russian and German culture.

Natural and Sociocultural Values of a Tourism Destination in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development—An Example of a Protected Area

The Special Nature Reserve “Kraljevac” (RK) is located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in southern Banat. This first-category reserve covers an area of 264.3 ha and represents a natural item of exceptional importance. The reserve is characterized by significant geological heritage such as loess sections and dune relief, a lake with famous floating peat islands that form the physiology of this wetland, and very rare representatives of flora and fauna. The RK is characterized by the rich cultural heritage of the population living in South Banat. The different ethnic composition of the population and multiculturalism are the main sociocultural tourist motives of this protected area. The Deliblato Sands, known in Europe for their rare geological features, flora and fauna, are located in the immediate vicinity. This significantly increases the value of the RK. Quantitative methodology was used in the paper, which included interviewing respondents as a research technique. The research was conceived according to the Prism of Sustainability (PoS) model. For this sustainable tourism research, a total of 750 respondents (470 residents and 280 visitors) were surveyed. A written and online questionnaire was used in the survey of respondents. By using a questionnaire, respondents expressed their views on certain statements that were grouped into two categories. The claims refer to the natural and sociocultural factors of tourism development in this protected area. Both categories of tourism destination factors can significantly influence sustainable tourism. In addition, we examined the impact of sociocultural and natural factors on respondents’ satisfaction with sustainable tourism. The research results indicate that there is a significant influence of these factors on the satisfaction of residents and visitors with sustainable tourism. The results of this research can provide important information when planning the development of tourism in this protected area. Also, the results can help in the evolution of tourism development at the local, national and regional levels. The forms of tourism that could be central in the RK are scientific research, sports–recreational, ecotourism, bird-watching, events, cultural, gastronomic, and other tourism forms. These forms of tourism can provide environmental, economic and social benefits for this protected area as a tourism destination.

Research on Microfilm Creation and Practice

In the information age, with the continuous development of new media technology, microfilm, as an emerging cultural form, has been rapidly developed. It provides a new experience in a short time, a highly concentrated story, wonderful lens language and visual impact. Compared with traditional films, microfilms have the characteristics of small investment, short cycle and fast communication, which have better communication effects when combined with emerging media. But there are in the process of development such as, product quality is uneven, market spread lack of standardized management, so this paper takes microfilm creation and practice as the main research object, combines microfilm production with marketization and other realistic factors, such as summarizes its development situation, at the same time, points out the shortcomings of the current microfilm creation and practice, and puts forward some suggestions that the creators should further improve the level of work and the quality of work, deepen the reform of policy and market specification, etc.

Cultural Aspects in Sustainable Development: The Dayak Tribe in East Kalimantan

Sustainable development is the goal of the SDG's, where cultural aspects can influence other aspects of life. Tribes in Indonesia also help to achieve SDG's from a cultural aspect, one of which is the Dayak Tribe. The Dayak tribe has local wisdom in the form of culture that is maintained to carry out the process of life. The Dayak tribe maintains various cultures that continue to this day as a form of concern for the surrounding environment. The cultural aspects applied by the Dayak people in carrying out their lives as a form of sustainable development. This research is a descriptive study through a library approach. The theory in this study uses cultural aspects in sustainable development. The findings of this research relate the cultural aspects that support the achievement of the cultural pillars as the 4 pillars of the SDGs.

The Phenomenon of Sleeping in Sand Based On Culture In Elderly With Osteoarthritis

Background: Pain in the elderly with osteoarthritis requires alternative therapy to fulfill their comfort. The purpose of this study was to explore the culture of sleeping on the sand among the coastal elderly with osteoarthritis pain. Methods: This research method used a qualitative research approach with phenomenological research design and data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The time of the research is from April to May 2023, located in Legung Village, Batang-Batang District, Sumenep Regency. The technique was judgment sampling, with nurses as key informants, the elderly as main informants, and traditional and community leaders as supporting informants, so the informants in this study were 18 participants. Data analysis uses athematic analysis based on values, activities, and artifacts. Results: 1. Cultural elements in the form of values and ideas in the culture of sleeping on the sand include sleep history, belief in sleeping on the sand, and concepts or values in society. 2. The form of activity can be seen in several sand extraction activities or the implementation procedure of preparing sand to be used as the basic material for bedding. 3. The form of the artifacts is related to the tools and materials used in this case, which are related to sleep culture. Conclusion: The culture of sleeping on the sand has a comforting effect on older people based on three forms of culture, including ideas and values, activities, and artifacts. The culture of sleeping on the sand can be used as a daily activity to overcome the problem of osteoarthritis in older people. This research can be developed regarding the implementation of culture-based transcultural nursing care.