Audio Format Research Articles

“Nada sobre nós, sem nós”: a oferta do Atendimento Educacional Especializado no ensino médio a partir da percepção de estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial, matriculados em uma escola comum de ensino médio, acerca do Atendimento Educacional Especializado e sua articulação com a sala de aula comum frente ao seu processo de inclusão escolar. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo exploratório-qualitativo em uma escola pública estadual de ensino médio localizada no município de Iguatu/CE que contempla a Educação Especial. Os dados foram coletados através da entrevista semiestruturada gravada em formato de áudio junto a doze estudantes desta modalidade matriculados na escola, sendo os dados analisados por aproximação da análise de discurso. Os resultados indicam uma fragilização do processo de inclusão escolar desses estudantes na escola comum, onde o Atendimento Educacional Especializado, por vezes, é posto em substituição ao ensino comum, o que vai em direção oposta ao estabelecido pela legislação.

Implementation of Android-based Application for learning Legu Salai Dance

The development of the technology has influenced the way of learning. Besides the conventional learning, the Android-based applications which run on smartphones potentially become complement for learning process. The implementation of Android application has developed in various fields including art and culture. This research mainly discusses about the implementation of the Legu Salai dance learning application, which is built based on Android and testing the functionality of the application. The purpose of making the application is to introduce the Legu Salai dance, to provide related information about the dance and as a learning tool of the dance movements. The research stage uses the Waterfall methods which is modeled by Unified Modeling Language. The application is built using the Java programming language, while the testing process uses the black box testing method. User who want to learn the Legu Salai dance can install the applications on Android smartphone and can accessed the available features. The application can display information about Legu Salai dance in the form of text, images, audio and video. The test results indicate that the application can function according to its design. This application can be an alternative medium to learn and introduce the Legu Salai dance as one of Indonesia’s cultural wealth. For future development, the features of the application can be extended by adding the information about the variation and formation the Legu Salai dance and also provide the information about the traditional costume which is wear by the dancer.

Ability of children to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques when using mobile apps.

BackgroundChildren today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail.PurposeThis study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2–8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them.MethodsWe developed one mobile app to test the ability of children to perform various touchscreen gestures and another mobile app to test their ability to follow various prompting techniques. We used these apps in this study of 90 children in a kindergarten and a primary school in New Delhi in July 2019. We noted the touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the most sophisticated prompting technique that they could follow.ResultsTwo- and 3-year-old children could not follow any prompting technique and only a minority (27%) could tap the touchscreen at an intended place. Four- to 6-year-old children could perform simple gestures like a tap and slide (57%) and follow instructions provided through animation (63%). Seven- and 8-year-old children could perform more sophisticated gestures like dragging and dropping (30%) and follow instructions provided in audio and video formats (34%). We observed a significant difference between the number of touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the number of prompting techniques that they could follow (F=544.0407, P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the performance of female versus male children (P>0.05).ConclusionChildren gradually learn to use mobile apps beginning at 2 years of age. They become comfortable performing single-finger gestures and following nontextual prompting techniques by 8 years of age. We recommend that these results be considered in the development of mobile apps for children.

Ilustrasi Sebagai Bahasa Komunikasi Audio Visual Film, Televisi Dan Animasi

Music is one of the important parts, which are related to the development of creative industries in era 4.0, especially film, animation, and television, as well as other industries related to the arts and media in particular. Music is experiencing very rapid development, starting from development through software to creating compositions, as well as arrangements. Music also has a function to be one of the supporting factors in giving impression, language, and also communication tools in the form of audio in film, animation, and television. One important role is to give a discussion about communication to the audience is to make the audience understand the film. The purpose of this study is to provide information through audio and visual communication to the audience, so that understanding the film is not only visual but also in terms of audio visual. The method used in this study is qualitative research from samples taken from film screening conducted at the Stikom Surabaya Institute of Business and Information. This research is expected to be used as a learning media for audio visual communication courses.

Use of technical means for performing individual types of wills

This article discusses the main problems of legal regulation in the Russian Federation of such forms of testament as a will, made in emergency circumstances and a closed will. The necessity of introducing the oral form of the will in the form of audio and video recordings on special information carriers in the context of the rapid development and implementation of modern technologies is also discussed. The experience of foreign countries in solving the problems of the legal regulation of a testament form is investigated, and alternative ways of solving them in the Russian Federation.

Analysing the literature: A research primer for low- and middle-income countries.

Effective critical appraisal of medical research requires training and practice. Evidence-based medicine provides a framework for standardised review of manuscripts of nearly any research design. Online resources and communities exist to provide free access to electronic search engines and critical appraisal of emergency medicine and non-emergency medicine research. An emerging array of Free Online Open Access medical education (FOAMed) resources also provide opportunities to observe Evidence-based medicine critical appraisal in written or audio format and to actively participate as a learner. This chapter will highlight accessible resources that provide both methodological background and virtual mentoring for readers to develop EBM skills.

E-komunikowanie publiczne w warunkach pandemii COVID-19 – doświadczenia małych miast Dolnego Śląska

The aim of the article is to analyze the process of public e-communication in the so-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., between March and August 2020. The selection of the studied cases – seventy-two small towns in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship – allows for the following hypothesis: there is a certain model of public e-communication about the COVID-19 pandemic based on specific: (1) institutional and legal solutions; (2) instruments; (3) thematic threads. The use of several different, though complementary, research methods (comparative analysis, content analysis, questionnaire) leads to the conclusion that the hypothesis can be confirmed only partially. It turns out that the process of e-communication between small towns and the internal environment (inhabitants) is based on certain truncated "components", which does not change the fact that these towns also perceive the need to exchange content (in the form of text, graphics, audio or video) on the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and related changes and limitations.

Video Genre Classification using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks

A wide amount of media in the internet is in the form of video files which have different formats and encodings. Easy identification and sorting of videos becomes a mammoth task if done manually. With an ever-increasing demand for video streaming and download, the Video Classification problem is brought into foresight for managing such large and unstructured data over the internet and locally. We present a solution for classifying videos into genres and locality by training a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network. It involves feature extraction from video files in the form of frames and audio. The Neural Networks makes a suitable prediction. The final output layer will place the video in a certain genre. This problem could be applied to a vast number of applications including but not limited to search optimization, grouping, critic reviews, piracy detection, targeted advertisements, etc. We expect our fully trained model to identify, with acceptable accuracy, any video or video clip over the internet and thus eliminate the cumbersome problem of manual video classification.

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Cloud-Fog-Edge Computing in Cyber–Physical–Social Systems (CPSS)

Cyber–Physical–Social Systems (CPSS) integrate the cyber, physical, and social spaces together. One of the ultimate goals of cyber–physical–social systems is to make our lives more convenient and intelligent by providing prospective and personalized services for users. To achieve this goal, a wide range of data in CPSS are employed as the starting point for research, since the data contain the users’ historical behavior trajectory and the users’ demand preference. Generated and collected from social and physical spaces and integrated into the cyberspace, CPSS data are complex and heterogeneous, recording all aspects of users’ lives in the forms of image, audio, video, and text. Generally, the collected or generated data in CPSS satisfy the 4Vs (volume, variety, velocity, and veracity) of big data. Thus, knowing how to deal with CPSS big data efficiently is the key to providing services for users. From another perspective, CPSS big data are specified as the global historical data and the local real-time data. Cloud computing, as a powerful paradigm for implementing the data-intensive applications, has an irreplaceable role in processing global historical data. On the other hand, with the increasing computing capacity and communication capabilities of mobile terminal devices, fog-edge computing, as an important and effective supplement of cloud computing, has been widely used to process local real-time data. Therefore, the question of how to systematically and efficiently process CPSS big data (including both the global historical data and the local real-time data) in CPSS has become the key for providing services. The goal of this Special Section is therefore to provide insights and views into the area of Cloud-Fog-Edge Computing in CPSS, as well as to provide directions for research in the field.

Cross-Modal Retrieval for CPSS Data

Data generated and collected from Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) that usually in the forms of image, audio, video, and text, are complex and heterogeneous. How to deal with the cross-modal retrieval problem for heterogeneous CPSS data has drawn considerable interests recently. The hashing based methods have been widely studied in building bilateral semantic associations of binary codes for cross-model retrieval. However, most existing methods discard binary constraints and learn linear projections as hashing functions. Moreover, none of them consider the cross-modal retrieval application in the scenario of Cloud-Fog-Edge computing. Therefore, how to learn more compact and discriminative binary codes with discrete constraints and nonlinear hashing functions for CPSS data in the Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear discrete cross-modal hashing (NDCMH) method based on concise binary classification for CPSS data which fully investigates the nonlinear relationship embedding, discrete optimization as well as the hashing functions learning. Different from previous methods, our work presents a concise but promising cross-modal hashing method that builds a direct connection between original CPSS data and binary codes, which can alleviate the impact of large quantization loss. Furthermore, we execute the cross-modal retrieval service at cloud and fog. Specifically, hashing functions are deployed at the fog plane to reduce the amount data transfer and storage need on the cloud. Extensive experiments carried out on typical CPSS datasets demonstrate that the proposed NDCMH significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

AN OPTIMIZED ENCRYPTION BASED STEGANOGRAPHY MODEL TO SECURE MEDICAL IMAGES USING METAHEURISTIC TECHNIQUE.

The implementation of a secret data sharing algorithm along with water marking, steganography and cryptography can have various applications besides medical data privacy. It can be used for improving the authentication ability of confidential data too, so the demand of this type of approaches increases rapidly. We know that, Steganography is a scientific technique that is used to provide safe communication through multimedia carrier, for example, a combination of confidential information might be in the form of images, audio, and video files. If this feature is visible, the attack point is open, so the goal here is always to hide the existence of relevant information. Steganography has a variety of useful applications. But like any science, it can be used for bad intentions. In this research, medial image steganography model is designed to provide the security while transmitting the information in the form of a medical image by utilizing the concept of Discrete Wavelet transformation (DWT) as a decomposition approach with Modified Jamal Encryption Algorithm (MJEA) encryption. In addition the concept of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as an optimization technique used to find out the better hiding location in the medical images. To provide high security different processes are implemented such as pre-processing that is used to resize and conversion of the image with image decomposition. At last, the performance parameters such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), entropy and correlation coefficients are measured and compared with the existing work to validate the proposed model.

Perception of social media use in disseminating health-related academic information in public health schools in Minna, Nigeria

This study examined the use of social media among students at health schools in Minna to exchange health-related information. In order to obtain data from simple random samples of 344 respondents, the study used survey questionnaires. The rate of response was 100%. Findings found that the most used social media platforms for contact were Facebook (79.9%), WhatsApp (65.5%) and Twitter (34.3%). The research study also found that (79.8%) of student respondents benefited significantly from using social media to disseminate health-related information and preferred to communicate these health information through video, audio, and mobile phone text formats to them. The study concludes that low network coverage, high data subscription rates, high smartphone costs and epileptic power supply have an effect on access to social media at Minna health schools. The study recommended that lecturers, students, researchers and health care instructors should disseminate health related information using social media tools based on its effectiveness.

Perception of Social Media Use in Disseminating Health Related Academic Information in Public Health Schools in Minna, Nigeria

This study examined the use of social media among students at health schools in Minna to exchange health-related information. In order to obtain data from simple random samples of 344 respondents, the study used survey questionnaires. The rate of response was 100%. Findings found that the most used social media platforms for contact were Facebook (79.9%), WhatsApp (65.5%) and Twitter (34.3%). The research study also found that (79.8%) of student respondents benefited significantly from using social media to disseminate health-related information and preferred to communicate these health information through video, audio, and mobile phone text formats to them. The study concludes that low network coverage, high data subscription rates, high smartphone costs and epileptic power supply have an effect on access to social media at Minna health schools. The study recommended that lecturers, students, researchers and health care instructors should disseminate health related information using social media tools based on its effectiveness.

Paper Waste Reduction Efforts Through Digitalization

Paper waste reduction efforts through digitalization. Waste is an endless problem to dealt with, through the ages, humankind necessities have escalated, and with the escalation of humankind necessities, the waste produced by humankind has also escalated. The more advanced a civilization, the more waste is produced. Paper waste is one of the wastes. Paper has becoming a basic need for human which is used as a media for communicating and exchanging information. But to produce paper, a large number of trees had to be cut down, alongside of the byproduct waste come out from producing it. Also, the harmful effect of unhappiness of the paper waste which is one of the main causes of the global warming. Therefore, an act of reducing paper waste is needed. Digitalization is one of the options to reduce paper waste. The definition of digitalization is a process to convert printed form, audio form, and video form to digital form. The purpose of digitalization is to aim for efficiency and optimization for storage purpose, security purpose.

Sound Scene and Events Detection using Deep Learning in the Scope of Cyber Security for Multimedia Systems

In addition to many natural sound sources in nature, synthetic sounds are also used in the multimedia systems of our modern world. Environments (i.e., sound scenes) with these sounds are important for biometric authorization, security requirements and robust/safer voice/video communication. Apart from audio formats that have special constraints such as speech/speaker recognition and verification, the separation of polyphonic sounds, noise reduction, detection of sound scenes/events and voice tagging processes are gaining importance in order to create safer information systems in terms of cyber security. In recent years deep learning has been preferred in the field of cyber security due to its layered infrastructure, which enables the easy extraction of attributes and semantic relationships in the raw data. In this study, the use of deep learning architecture models for voice (or speech) analysis and classification/prediction and detection as multimedia data in cyber security coverage is examined. In our study, deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machine and deep belief networks are systematically reviewed as prominent models in the publications between 2015 and 2019. Therefore, the orientation in the literature on voice/speech processing in cyber security, prevention of voice spoofing, and achieving consistent and high performance results is clearly demonstrated through discussions and comments based on scientific findings over fourty studies.

Software Design Collection and Handling of Signal Sound Body

We demonstrate the designed software that possibly collects the body sound data to be used for clinical diagnosis applications. Body sound signals are collected and processed through a software designed in Labview to adapt with Arduino-Uno. The analog signals transduced from a piezoelectric microphone are converted to the digital signals by an ADC component integrated in the Uno board and controlled the sampling frequency via the software. The collected signals are observed and visualized in graph panel of the software and the audio sound can play through speakers in real-time then stored the measured values as the audio file format simultaneously. The data can use to analyze by another software or study the analyzed algorithm to extract the disease signals. To evaluate the quality of the system, a series of experiments were examined in hospital environment and asserted with clinical experiences of specified medical doctors. To enhance the scope of the disease signal, the spectrum of the signal can be collected ranged on 5 Hz to 35 kHz corresponding to the full spectrum of the hardware system, with the sampling frequency reached to 100 kHz. Based on this initial system, a series of development applying to clinical diagnosis can be potentially opened in the near future.

Advancement of 22.2 Multichannel Sound Broadcasting Based on MPEG-H 3D Audio

This study proposes improvements to 22.2 multichannel (22.2 ch) sound broadcasting service. 22.2 ch sound is currently used in the 8K satellite broadcasting in Japan. In this study, the audio system is migrated from channel-based audio to object-based audio. The object-based audio equips 22.2 ch sound with alternative and adaptive functionalities: the alternative functionality is related to dialogue controls such as multilingual services, while the adaptive functionality enables 22.2 ch sound to be adapted to the audio format of the playback equipment. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-H 3D Audio (3DA), which is the latest audio coding standard, is used as the audio coding scheme. A real-time encoder and decoder based on 3DA was developed to verify the practicability of the proposed system. The encoded audio data is packetized and transmitted by MPEG-H MPEG Media Transport (MMT) to be multiplexed with video data. A transmission experiment with 8K video was carried out in which the proposed system was proved to operate as designed in this study.

Análise Televisual Convergente: um procedimento metodológico para leitura crítica dos processos comunicativos de telejornais e programas televisivos

Resumo A partir de um mapeamento de metodologias empregadas em estudos acadêmicos sobre telejornalismo produzidos entre 2015 e 2017 em 11 bancos de dados, este artigo sugere a relevância do olhar sobre as imagens e suas combinações com palavras na produção de sentidos. O trabalho também propõe o reconhecimento da necessidade de articular às análises textuais de telejornais e programas televisivos quatro instâncias que configuram os processos comunicativos no ambiente convergente: singularidades da ambiência, circulação, características de organizações e de práticas produtivas e interações das audiências. Nesse sentido, apresenta o esquema analítico da Análise Televisual Convergente (ATC), um procedimento metodológico possível para a leitura crítica dos textos audiovisuais nas pesquisas em comunicação e em processos de aprendizagem num momento de transformação da produção e consumo de conteúdos e formatos em áudio e vídeo decorrente da digitalização dos meios.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PAILLIER CRYPTOSYSTEM PENGAMANAN CITRA DIGITAL PADA APLIKASI CHAT

Chat application allows easily users to exchange information in the form of text, images, video and audio. Information that is distributed can be either confidential or not confidential. However, at this time there is often attack on to information that is communicated through communication media such as chat, so that it is possible for other people to misuse the information. The use of algorithms from cryptographic techniques in securing distributed information. This research discusses how to use the cryptosystem pailler algorithm to secure digital images that are distributed through chat applications. This algorithm is very resistant to solving because n-residue class calculations are believed to be very difficult to compute, so as to maintain the security of images distributed through chat applications.Keywords: Cryptography, Paillier Cryptosystem, Chatting, Digital Image, Communication

An Observation and Analysis of IPTV and Multicasting Traffic

IP TV is the short form of Internet protocol television. It’s the technology that allows us to get television services via internet protocol over the computer networks instead of traditional cable TV medium. The multicasting technology is used in IPTV to send one packet that is being originated from one station to multiple stations at a time, is referred as broadcasting of internet version [16]. This paper describes the functionality of IPTV protocol and Multicasting with a short background of its. We also have studied on various compression techniques of audio and video file and format. Our main intention was to observed how various protocols works with IPTV services like Protocol independent module (PIM), Internet group messages protocol (IGMP), and Cisco group management protocol (CGMP) when packets are interchanged with in router, switch, video server and clients. To observe these, a lab work on IPTV has been conducted and the findings have been discussed.