Knowing the factors that influence abundance, distribution and species richness is key to establish local conservation strategies. We evaluated the influence of vegetation type (pine, oak-alder-forest and grassland) and (dry, wet) season on the assemblage rodent in a mosaic of temperate forest in Mexico. The completeness of the inventory was evaluated by nonparametric estimators ACE and Jackknife. We use a generalized linear model to evaluate the effect of vegetation type, season and interaction (vegetation type*season) on the richness and abundance of rodents. The effect of factors and their interaction on the abundance of each species were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance with rank transformations. To analyze changes in the assembly structure we used rank-curves abundances and ANCOVA to assess differences in dominances/evenness of species. We found that rodents were more abundant in the pine forest and during the dry season, but the interaction between oak-alder forest and the dry season also favored abundance. At species level, Peromyscus melanotis was abundant in the pine forest and Reithrodontomys fulvescens in the oak-alder-forest. Between seasons, only the abundance of P. maniculatu s was higher in the dry season than the wet season. The results show that mosaics with trees are of crucial importance for rodent’s conservation during the dry seasons.