Today, geographical science is a complex, expanding system. The continuous process of differentiation of geographical science an objective process, determined by the demands of society. These demands by particular branches of the national economy are often narrow and, at times, even contradictory. Nevertheless, as a whole, numerous more or less particular geographical specialists play an important role in the national economy. Geographical sciences, unfortunately, overestimate their partial achievements in certain branches of the economy. Dr. Harvey in his book “ Scientific Explanations in Geography” urged the geographers to use philosophy, mathematical logic, system analysis, topology and cartography in their work. We also support the concentrated development of geographical theory but unlike D. Harvey, we pay much attention to the social practice. No with of the most talented geographers can help geographical theory as much as the solution of the great problems of the national economy, which requires a synthetic geographical approach and the creation of a theoretical basic for the development of geographical systems, structures and processes: a spatial-temporal approach, combining cartographic and historical methods of scientific investigation; geographical forecasting, geographical modelling and thorough application of mathematical analysis and forecast. There are some important problems of the national economy, whose solution of which demands broad and integrated geographical approach: 1. 1. Problems of the integrated development of industrial regions of the forest zone of European Russia. 2. 2. Problems of the integrated development of Industry and water supply for the densely populated fertile plains of southern European Russia. 3. 3. Problems of the expansion of irrigated areas, water supply and intensification of the economy of Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and Transcaucasus. 4. 4. Problems of development of transport, industry, hunting and fishing as well as agriculture for Siberia and the Far East. 5. 5. Territorial division of labour among the Western, Eastern and Southern ragions of the USSR.