Foreign Language Component Research Articles

Лингвокультурное освоение заимствований в сетевом медиадискурсе как проявление процессов глокализации

The work analyzes some innovative phenomena in the Russian language as a manifestation of glocalization in the online media discourse. The article focuses on the phenomenon of linguacultural assimilation of borrowings, which consists in the lexical, word-formation, grammatical and linguapragmatic transformation of root or affix elements of foreign language origin in accordance with the original Russian models of language implementation of lexemes, word forms and pragmemes. This assimilation process reflects the principles of the linguistic conceptualization of the world characteristic of a particular nation. The purpose of the study is to describe the current linguistic, communicative, pragmatic, cognitive and discursive features of this process in the Russian online media discourse. The research is based on the principles of the cognitive and discursive approach, methods of integrative analysis of Internet communication, as well as on the ideas of pragmalinguistic description of the emotional and evaluative sphere of language signs. The language data of the newspaper corpus in the Russian National Corpus is analyzed. The features of acculturation of borrowings at the lexical and semantic, formal and grammatical levels of the language are described. Particular attention is paid to communicative and pragmatic cultural russification of foreign language elements, which lies in the fact that words with a foreign language component at a certain stage of their functioning expand the possible areas of use, going beyond the initially specialized area of use associated with the realities of computer technology, Internet communications and social networks. Based on the analysis of such lexemes as flud / fludit’, frend / frendit’, ban / banit’ (zabanit’), spam / spamit’ (zaspamit’), troll’ / trolit’ (zatrollit’), it is concluded that the reflexes of the language expansion of new formations with a foreign language component considered in the work contribute to increasing the expressive and linguacreative potential of the Russian language.

Ewolucja egzaminu maturalnego z języków obcych na przestrzeni sześciu dekad

Matura is an important high-stakes examination present in the Polish education system since the late 18th century. It is taken on completion of high school and is compulsory for those who want to apply for higher education. As a result of an examination reform, in 2005 the exam took on a new form. Since then it has been a professional, external, standardised assessment used for the analysis of school and student performance, and – most importantly – in lieu of university entrance exams.
 The article looks at the evolution of the foreign language component of the Matura exam over the last six decades: from an internal test prepared by local authorities and by schools, assessed arbitrarily by the test-takers’ teachers, to a professional examination prepared by expert institutions in compliance with quality standards and assessed by trained markers according to elaborate grading criteria. The paper follows the changes occurring in the assessment starting from 1960 up to 2023, when another examination reform brought about new modifications in the foreign language exam.

Names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language

Introduction. The paper considers the hunting vocabulary in the Komi language. As an independent microsystem, it studies the designations used for the nomination of small fur-bearing animals living on the territory of the Komi Republic. The whole set of the lexical units refers to both types of forest inhabitants – predators and herbivores. The analysis of the factual material is carried out to establish the main stages of the formation and development of this component of the Komi language hunting vocabulary. Materials and Methods. The material contained in the paper refers to the Komi literary language. Of the dialect names, only a few examples are given that are contained in normative dictionaries. The names of both primordial and foreign-language origin are considered. When developing the research topic, the author uses such methods as descriptive, comparative-historical, synchronous-comparative and statistical, as well as methods of semantic and structural-word-formation analysis. Results and Discussion. The article is the first experience of linguistic research of the names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language. By substantial basis, this lexical microsystem refers to the designations of the hunting object. The analysis of the factual material was carried out using synchronous and diachronic research methods. Based on the systematization of the available proto-forms, a diachronic hierarchy of the primordial vocabulary is characterized by four components of ancient names: Proto-Finno-Ugric, Proto-Finno-Permian, Proto-Permian and Proto-Komi. It establishes the types and quantitative composition of a group of foreign-language names consisting of ancient and late borrowings. Conclusion. The formation of the Komi language vocabulary related to small fur-bearing commercial animals has taken place over many millennia since the Proto-Finno-Ugric epoch. Most of the names of the analyzed microsystem belong to the primordial vocabulary fund of the Komi language. The foreign-language component of the names of small fur-bearing animals takes an insignificant place, its formation occurred as a result of the penetration of borrowings from two external sources.

Scaffolding via Group-dynamic Assessment to Positively Affect Motivation, Learning Anxiety, and Willingness to Communicate: A Case Study of High School Students.

Although a mass of studies has demonstrated the effectiveness of scaffolding through group-dynamic assessment (G-DA) in fostering English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' language skills and components, its contributions to developing psychological constructs, such as motivation, learning anxiety (LA), and willingness to communicate (WTC) have remained largely unexplored in the context of Iranian high schools. Thus, this study purported to disclose the contributions of G-DA to Iranian high school students' motivation, LA, and WTC. For these purposes, 124 grade 11 students were chosen through a random sampling method at Shahed High School in Borujerd City, Iran, homogenized through the Oxford Quick Placement test (OQPT), and randomly allocated as a control group (CG) (n = 23) and an experimental group (EG) (n = 23). Afterward, a pre-test, interventions (for 16 one-hour sessions held two times a week as an extra-curricular program), and a post-test were implemented. The results of the independent samples t-tests evidenced that EG's motivation significantly improved compared to CG after the interventions. Additionally, the findings revealed that the G-DA-based instruction significantly contributed to relieving EG's LA. Further, the results uncovered that a statistically significant difference existed between EG and CG concerning the gains in WTC. The findings gained in this study are anticipated to contribute significantly to the various EFL settings, as well as they offer a variety of recommendations and implications for relevant stakeholders.

Problems of spelling prefixes and suffixes in the “Ukrainian orthography” of 2019

The article analyzes some rules for writing prefixes and suffixes, presented in the new edition of “Ukrainian Orthography” in 2019, which appear to be debatable. In particu­lar, comments and suggestions concern spelling innovations that distinguish this edition from the previous ones: variant writing of allomorph prefixes apxi– / архи-; elimination of agentive suffixes –чик (-щик); spelling of derivatives with the suffix –ив-(-о); recom­mendations on the use of suffixes to create feminine counterparts to male names; ten­dencies to eliminate foreign language components in adjectival suffixes –ичи-(-ий), –ічн-(-ий) [(-їчн-(-ий)], etc. It is proposed to expand the list of prefixes, the transmis­sion of which will be regulated by spelling, and with respect to individual formants it is expressed a caveat to refrain from codification measures until their full usualization. In particular, it was noted that the prefix архи-, borrowed into the Ukrainian lan­guage long ago from Greek through Church Slavonic as part of the Christian religious vocabulary, has a long tradition of pronunciation with [и], and therefore the fixation of the variant архі– in the spelling, which appeared in newly formed derivatives and in an­cient words under the influence of the Russian pronunciation of Church Slavonic texts is impractical. The suffixes –чик (-щик), removed from the spelling, obviously in the agentive sense, although the rule regulates the writing in them and, it is advisable to return them to the spelling, because the suffix –чик is a productive diminutive suffix, and in the agentive sense it helps to avoid homonymy (підрядчик — підрядник) and functions in words that are not used with another suffix (bratchyk, nebizhchyk). In the rule governing the use of the suffix –ив-(-о) –yv-(-o) it is necessary to return the lexeme мариво (previously — with the allomorph –ев-(-о) марево) removed from it as one that demonstrates a tendency to unification with the formations of the corre­sponding word-formation model. Recommendations on the elimination of foreign language components in adjectival suffixes, –ичи-(-ий), –ічи-(-ий) [(-їчи-(-ий)] as an example of renormalization and the rule on suffixes for creating feminine correlates to male names as such, that potentially codifies this latest derivational process itself, we consider premature in view of the in­completeness of the usualization of the corresponding linguistic phenomena. It is also proposed to expand the list of prefixes whose transmission will be regu­lated by spelling (in particular, foreign language де-, дез-, дис-, ди– (ді-), as well as parts of foreign words that are not prefixes: їре-, їри, їрі-, etc.). Keywords: Ukrainian orthography, spelling of prefixes and suffixes, feminine forms, adjecti­val suffixes.

More than a signboard: the name of a store in the speaker’s mental lexicon

Background. Forming a system of spatial, social and cultural landmarks, each speaker consciously/unconsciously records proper names which seem important. The most significant units are remembered, and it is they that determine the general idea of the entire set of marked objects. Since the system of linguistic units in the individual mental lexicon is regulated by a great number of subjective factors, it can be assumed that the tendencies of the reflection of reality in the mental lexicon common to a group of speakers open the way to the analysis of current social stereotypes. Shop and store names are one of the groups of commercial names, therefore, by their very nature, they are maximally oriented towards reflecting positive stereotypes of large social groups.Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze how the names of shops and stores are reflected in the mental lexicon of the women residents of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, and to try to outline the connection between the proper names verbalization in speakers’ mental lexicon and their ideas about extralinguistic reality.Methods. The material for this study consists of 249 graphic variants of 160 names of clothing, footwear and food stores, collected by surveying 45 women residents of Kyiv. Descriptive, comparative, and quantitative methods were used in the research, and techniques of the structural method were occasionally involved.Results. Current store names in the capital of Ukraine create а very colorful linguistic landscape with its main feature – the predominance of foreign language components, both lexical and graphic. Among all this diversity, the speaker remembers 3 or 4 names оn average, which determine her idea of the general trends in the nomination of objects in this field and indirectly ‒ these objects themselves. The analysis of store and shop names active in the mental lexicon of Kyiv residents shows that the absolute majority of clothing and shoe stores (79 % and 81 %, respectively) are perceived by names identified with other cultural spaces. Not only the name’s origin, but primarily its graphic form is a clear indicator of belonging to some cultural space. The opposite case in the name system of grocery stores is recorded ‒ only 26 % of them were reproduced by respondents in Latin. The form in which the store or shop name is stored in the mental lexicon depends on a) the graphic code visualized on the signboard / in the advertisement and b) the sound form of the name commonly used in informal communication. The activity of the second factor directly depends on the symmetry of the sound and spelling of the barbarism name and the level of speaker’s foreign language competence. The result of the collision of different graphic codes in the speaker’s mind is mixing, which is manifested in the recording of the original form of the name from Latin to Cyrillic during memorization. Therefore, while keeping proper names in memory, speakers try to assimilate their form to the rest of the fixed units, and this often manifests itself in the transformation of the original form of proper name.Discussion. Oversaturation of Kyiv’s commercial ergonomics system with barbaric names forms a strong public stereotype about the attractiveness and progressiveness of other cultures in the consumption sphere and creates the illusion of the absence of national Ukrainian in it. Trying to master the system of store and shop names, Kyiv residents find themselves in a conflict situation: the dominant graphic code for them is the Cyrillic alphabet, while the Latin alphabet prevails in the visual space of Kyiv’s trade establishments. The way out of this situation is transformation ‒ recording of the original name with the help of a graphic system convenient for the speaker. In order to form a general idea about the reflection of the commercial proper names system in the mental lexicon of Ukrainians, it is necessary to involve in the study data from representatives of different age groups from different regions of the country.

Translinguality as an Explication of Appellative Character of Urban Names

Modern urban names are characterized by properties that allow them to be simultaneously attributed to a special type of mass communication, to episodes of external communication of an organization and acts of self-presentation. A necessary condition for promoting an organization is the formation of trust among the target audience, and strategies for building trust are verbalized through the name to great extend. Within the framework of a single cognitive space, the name of the organization serves as a kind of trigger that includes interest in the organization as a kind of manifestation of feedback: intellectual / mental (I need it), emotional (pleasant place), behavioral (contacting the organization), verbal (discussion).One of the ways to form the attractiveness of names that appeal to the target audience and create a positive image of the organization is to embody the principles of translinguism in urban names. The essence of using the principles of translingualism is the appeal to the entire communicative repertoire of the speaker, as a result of which languages and cultures smoothly flow into each other. When creating the names of urban objects, translatinguality is manifested in the successful use of various language codes. In some cases, the choice of the nominating subject in favor of a particular language in the name of the company is determined by the specifics of the organization’s activities. One of the purposes of using words of foreign origin in the names of organizations is to mimic an imported brand as the level of trust of the target audience in the goods of domestic producers is often lower than in foreign ones. Modern names show more and more varied types of translingual combinations. A common manifestation of translingualism in ergonymy is the contamination of codes, that is, the combination in the name of the organization of units of different languages. Since in a number of cases the intended perception of the meaning of names of this kind is based not only on an adequate understanding of its foreign language component, but also on acquaintance with the realities of another culture that underlie such discursive elements, it is possible to postulate the transcultural nature of a significant part of modern urban names.

Nomination of a hunting object in the Komi language

Introduction. The paper deals with two components of the hunting vocabulary, namely large wild animals, and medium-sized forest dwellers. Each component sub-defines the nominative units related to predators and herbivores are distinguished and separately considered in the paper. In the first part of the study, the composition is determined and a brief description of the relevant representatives of the local commercial fauna in the Komi Territory is given. The second part presents a diachronic hierarchy of the analyzed primordial vocabulary, compiled on the basis of the classification of proto-linguistic reconstructions. Materials and Methods. The analyzed material refers mainly to the Komi literary language. The paper considers the names of both native and foreign-language origin. The main methods used by the author in developing the research topic are descriptive, comparative-historical, synchronous-comparative and statistical. Results and Discussion. For the first time the article presents a linguistic analysis using the biological classification of two lexical subgroups belonging to one of the microsystems of the hunting vocabulary in the Komi language. It was established that the object of the study has ancient origins and the designations of primordial origin make its basis. In the composition of this variety of hunting vocabulary it presents Proto-Finno-Ugric, Proto-Finno-Permian, Proto-Permian and Proto-Komi vocabulary. A group of late formations having no genetic correspondences in other related languages appeared in the period of independent existence of the Komi-Zyryan language, after its separation from the Komi-Permian language. The foreign language component belongs to early and late borrowings. The technology of developing this topic, created by the author of the paper, can be used in the material of other related and unrelated languages. Conclusion. The formation and development of the Komi language vocabulary related to large commercially hunted animals and medium-sized wild animals has been going on for many millennia, since the Proto-Finno-Ugric epoch. Most of the names of the analyzed microsystem belong to the primordial vocabulary fund of the Komi language. A foreign-language component consisting of borrowings from 5 external sources took part in its replenishment.

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE MODEL OF FORMATION OF COMPETITIVENESS OF FUTURE BACHELORS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED INTERACTION IN A TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

The article presents the content and analysis of the results of a pedagogical experiment on the introduction of a model for the formation of the competitiveness of bachelors, the future specialists in the food industry, in the process of professionally oriented interaction in a technological university. The interaction is organized within the identified fields using a foreign language component.

BLOCK CONSTRUCT OF THE MODEL OF FORMATION THE READINESS OF FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

The author’s block construct of the model is developed in the article, the focus of which is aimed at forming the readiness of the future physical education teacher for foreign language communication. The presented construct consists of directing, theoretical-constructive, content-acting, training-activity and diagnostic-resultative blocks. It is noted that the directing block consists of the goal and tasks, the theoretical-constructive one represents the concept, methodological approaches and principles of forming the readiness of future PE teachers for foreign language communication; the content-acting block consists of theoretical and practical foreign-language components; the training-activity block is represented by 6 groups of guides, forms and pedagogical conditions; the diagnostic-resultative block contains criteria, structural components, levels of assessment of the formation of readiness for foreign language communication, as well as diagnostic tool and the result – positive dynamics of formation the levels of readiness of future PE teachers for foreign language communication. It is indicated that the presented blocks of the model construct ensure the interconnection of all aspects of the research and objectively announce information about the result of the formation of the readiness of future PE teachers for foreign language communication in the conditions of a higher education institution. It is noted that during the development and theoretical reasoning of the block construct of the model of formation of the readiness of future PE teachers for foreign language communication, the definition of the concept of “model”, which is presented in dictionaries in synchronic and diachronic sections, as well as the understanding of the pedagogical model by outstanding modern researchers, was taken into account. It is emphasized that the training of future PE teachers requires new forms of education, which proves the tendency of professional education to transition from descriptiveness to modeling and designing a new reality, from the process of accumulating knowledge to the process of mastering methods of activity. Improving the quality of foreign language professional training of future physical education teachers is their key to success, therefore the issue of an integral scientific study of the block model construct of formation of the readiness of future PE teachers for foreign language communication requires detailed study and opens wide prospects in this direction.

New spelling: debatable issues

The legal document of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which approved a new version of the "Ukrainian spelling", was analyzed. Attention is paid to the work of the Ukrainian National Commission on Spelling, which has developed the main language document of the state. The history of its formation during the independence of Ukraine is covered. Emphasis is placed on editing electronic abstract resources of the Vernadsky National library of Ukraine, taking into account the rules of the new edition of "Ukrainian spelling". Its main changes are considered. Particular attention is paid to the most controversial: spelling variations, changes in individual words, spelling words of foreign origin, and so on. The rules of writing compound words with the first regularly used foreign language component are studied. Innovations in the writing of femininities are highlighted. Attention is paid to individual cases of spelling violations, which occur most often. Ways to improve the editing of electronic resources of the Vernadsky National library of Ukraine are proposed. The significance of the Abstract Database "Ukrainika scientific" in the domestic and world information space is revealed. The role of the group of editors of the Library in the professional preparation of quality materials for its daily replenishment is determined. It is emphasized that scientific editing of the information array of the Abstract Database "Ukrainika scientific" requires compliance with domestic and international standards for the submission of information. It is unacceptable to ignore such main ethical principles of the editor as meticulous and thorough verification of the original sources of spelling of digital data, scientific and technical terms, units of measurement, use of names and dates, design of the reference apparatus of the publication, compliance with the symbols established by the standard in scientific and normative literature. It is emphasized that the professional filling of the domestic information space with quality abstract texts will positively affect the efficiency of their search by readers and increase the scientific value of electronic abstract resources of the Vernadsky National library of Ukraine.

Preconditions and Preparatory Steps of Implementing CLIL for Future Mathematics Teachers

This article focuses on the problem of implementing the integrated learning of Mathematics and English by future Mathematics teachers based on the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) model. Our review of the literature confirms that this method is considered to be an effective approach to the formation and development of students’ subject knowledge and foreign language skills. This technology is significant for the professional training of future Mathematics teachers since they should be competent in both Mathematics and foreign language to effectively teach today’s schoolchildren. A student questionnaire was conducted and its analysis shows that students believe that CLIL will benefit them in the process of their professional training. Since the CLIL approach is multidimensional process, its implementation requires thorough preparation. This paper demonstrates and describes some specific steps in the preparatory stage for implementing the CLIL approach for the professional training of future Mathematics teachers: determining mathematical course, choosing its specific themes (units), planning for expected results, designing the organizational features of the educational process using the CLIL method and designing the appropriate teaching and methodological support. The possible variant for designing the preparatory stage for the integrated teaching and learning of “Number Theory” and English is suggested. It is demonstrated that the Mathematical and foreign language component of the expected educational outcomes need to be distinguished. The educational process should involve a special system of multilevel bilingual assignments. It also should have some special preconditions and joint activities of Mathematics and English teachers.

К ВОПРОСУ О ЛИНГВОКРАЕВЕДЧЕСКОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ

Abstract. Introduction. The formation of socio-cultural competence in a multicultural environment is an urgent topic of modern foreign language education. The purpose of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching Russian to foreign students in a regional Russian University. Materials and Methods. The object of the research is the method of forming socio-cultural competence in the process of teaching Russian with a linguo-regional orientation. The material of the research is local history texts about the traditions, history and culture of the Buryat people, which are adapted for educational purposes and supplemented by the author’s development of lexical and grammatical tasks. The scientific and methodological material is presented on the basis of a descriptive method of research and analysis of their own pedagogical experience. Results. The scientific novelty consists in the consideration of practical forms of work on the formation of socio-cultural competence, taking into account the national and regional component, using the example of teaching Russian to foreigners at the Buryat state University. The research results in a fragment of a lesson on regional studies developed within the framework of the linguistic and regional orientation of Russian language teaching in the regions of Russia. Conclusion. In the future, the systematic use of local history material in the educational process will expand the productive forms of work on the formation of socio-cultural competence for foreigners who have arrived for a language internship at a regional Russian University. Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, linguistics, national and regional component, linguistics, socio-cultural competence, language training, Buryatia.

Hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language

Introduction. Landscape vocabulary refers to the basic vocabulary of any natural language. It nominates both natural geographical and anthropogenic objects that have arisen as a result of human activity. In accordance with the substantial signs (water, land) as part of the landscape vocabulary, it is possible to distinguish two macrosystems, namely hydro-landscape vocabulary and the vocabulary of the land. Each of these components has its own internal structure, which differ from each other both by composition and quantitative indicators. Materials and Methods. The subject of linguistic analysis in the article is the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language (239 items), which does not refer to the category of proper nouns. These are nominal words that can find in the dictionaries of general vocabulary. The paper employed comparative, historical, synchronously comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods. Results and Discussion. Based on the subject-conceptual content of nominative units, two categories of hydronyms are distinguished and considered in the work. One of them is system-forming or dominant; it represents the designations of the main types of water bodies in a given territory. The second group is concentrated around the dominant units and acts in relation to them as intrasystem formations. The basis of hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language are of primordial origin. Ancient layer of nominative units, consisting of proto-Uralic, proto-Finno-Ugrian, proto-Finno-Permian and proto-Permian words, has genetic correspondence in the Permian, and in the majority of modern Finno-Ugric languages. Later units appeared in the period of independent existence of the language, after its divergence with the closely related Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian languages. The beginning of the formation of a foreign-language component refers to the common-Permian epoch, most of the non-original names are late borrowings that penetrated from the Russian and Turkic languages. Other types of borrowings (Baltic-Finnish, Ob-Ugrian, Samoyed) are not available here. Conclusion. The formation and development of the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language took place for many millennia on the basis of internal resources. Ancient Iranian, Turkic and Russian languages served as external sources of its replenishment.

THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGY IN FORMING THE LANGUAGE AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY OF ECONOMIC PROFILE SPESIALISTS

The article states that the organization of modern production and commercial structures, changes in the political and economic life of our state contribute to the active replenishment of the Ukrainian language with the new terms of the economic sphere. It is noted that at the present stage, foreign-language borrowings take a significant place in the lexical composition of the Ukrainian literary language, because in general appearing of borrowings in terminology is a natural process common for all languages ​​of the world. There remain actual proposals that the full development of a given terminology system is possible only under the condition the balance of national and international components is preserved. New economic terms have filled our language and at present time, this tendency is preserved. It has been found out that having a significant word-formation and lexical vocabulary, the Ukrainian language can present such subtle shades of meanings ​​that can not be represented in other words. It has been proved that this contributes to the selection of a successful national term, therefore, it is not necessary to abuse our language with foreign-language words. An important role in the preparation of a language-competent specialist belongs to the language, in particular, to such an important its branch as terminology. It is known that terminological vocabulary plays an important role in the vocabulary of the Ukrainian literary language. It is the indicator of the development level of scientific vocabulary in society and, as a result, of science in general. Terminological vocabulary is a kind of barometer that determines the level of vocational education, since rich and branched terminology is undoubtedly one of the important indicators of the level of vocational education in the state. The vocabulary of the economic profile is that part of the vocabulary of the language, which includes the concepts denoting the names of objects, phenomena, processes of socio-economic life. It is connected with relevant sciences and spheres of economic life - management, marketing, finance, law, production, taxation, statistics, insurance, etc. To one of the main sources of the formation of modern Ukrainian economic vocabulary belong foreign language borrowings. At the same time, at the Ukrainian language professionally-oriented classes of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, in the process of teaching economic terminology, much attention is paid to the Ukrainian terms, which determine the national specificity of the Ukrainian language, for example: funds, estimates, cost, purchase, sale, etc., to their formation and correct use in professional language. In the modern world, terminology plays an important role in people’s communicating as it is a powerful source of information. Besides, terminology is a part of the vocabulary that is extremely sensitive to external influences. The maximum number of foreign language borrowings is recorded in those areas where the closest interaction of languages ​​and cultures occurs. This is primarily economy. Modern economic terminology is being renewed, improved according to the development and improvement of the economic sphere. The process of correlation of national and foreign-language components in the system of Ukrainian financial and economic terminology is especially felt today, when the dynamics of borrowing English-language terminology units as special names of new phenomena and concepts has become much more active. At the same time, we observe a tendency towards excessive usage of borrowings of English-speaking origin in financial and economic terminology, unjustified usage of foreign language units under the condition of existing the autochthonous correspondences with the same meaning. Therefore, the need for a professional evaluation of English term usage in the financial and economic terminology of the Ukrainian language is in time.

Специфіка гібридизації як продуктивного джерела збагачення терміноскладу української музейної справи

The question of existence of national and borrowed units, the development and adaptation of foreign terminology is always relevant in the Ukrainian linguistics. The foreign language terminological units that expanded into national terminological systems were always of great interest for researches who are studying borrowings in terminology and the causes of this process. In spite of the fact that terminological nomination and the role of the national and borrowed elements in the formation of terminological systems of different branches of knowledge were analyzed. The general and multi-dimensional characteristics of borrowings are required for the Ukrainian terminological system of museum affairs The Ukrainian terminological system of museum science can develop, change, reflecting all the realities of modern life. The history of the development of science, the change of scientific views, as well as integration, cultural and linguistic connections ‒ all these are reflected in the terminological system as a whole, and in separate terms. The terms borrowed from different languages began to operate at different stages of development of museum science. The Ukrainian terminological fund of the museum science was replenished with borrowings from Greek, Latin, French, etc. as a result of interlanguage relations. Foreign language units replenished the Ukrainian museum affair with varying intensity in different periods of its formation. The terminological units, that are complex nouns, in the structure of which there are bases or terminological elements of different origin, belong to the terminological apparatus of the professional language of the museum workers. We distinguish in the terminological system of the museum science hybrid terminological formations that arise as a result of derivation mainly from foreign language bases with the help of specific word-formation formants. The foreign language components that serve as international terminological elements involved in the formation of terms. It should also be noted about the presence of the mixed structures from two languages that are active in the terminological system of museum science, created by combining the bases or terminological elements. The modern Ukrainian terminological system of museum science is characterized by the genetic heterogeneity of its units that reflects the long historical process of formation of the terminological system and the influence of various languages and extra-language factors.

The Influence of L2 English Acquisition of the Request Speech Act on Persian Preschool Children

In Iran the age of learning English as a foreign language is decreasing yearly. It is obvious that learning English at a very early age is a most appropriate time to start. The investigation in this study is focused on the speech act of request. Instructional effects of learning request strategies are assessed in preschoolers who received instruction to find out whether the exposure to the foreign language learning enhances the development of request strategy use and brings about changes in their first language strategy use features. The data were collected from 10 preschool Iranian learners of English as a foreign language. The participants of the study took a two-semester speaking course in an academic setting in Iran. The study had a pretest and posttest design in which 10 conversations were used including polite request strategies of English to analyze instructional effects on the learners’ first language after the posttest, by comparing and measuring the backward transfer against the pretest results. The oral task was in the form of role plays which were also utilized for communicative practice with the learners. The data were rated for the extent of a foreign language effect on the first language by experienced tutors and linguistic analyses were done to identify the foreign language components of request strategies features in the first language production. Results showed that frequent use of English request strategy features in the first language was an indication of L2 students’ beneficial experience in their L1.

MACARONISMS IN THE NOVEL BY SERGEY MINAEV «DUKHLESS»

The purpose of this article is to identify the language means of objectifying hypertext and interdiscourse of the work of Sergei Minaev. The object of the study is the language of postmodern discourse. The subject of the study is macaronic language as a foreign language component in the novel of S. Minaev «Dukhless», which is included in the literary text with specific objectives and endowed with its own set of functions in accordance to the explicit or implicit author’s intention. The study of the material was carried out mainly with the help of a synchronous-descriptive method with elements of analysis at the level of deep semantics. In some cases, the method of linguistic experiment and transformation was used. Conclusions: macaronic language functions include: comic, nominative, aesthetic, aggressive demonstration of language competence. The conventional view on macaronic language as a tool that is used to create a comic effect is not confirmed in the works of modern linguists, often macaronic language is put on a par with barbarisms and the distinctiveness facet fades out between them. For macaronic language, any foreign language is included.

СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ В АНГЛО-ТАТАРСКОМ СЛОВАРЕ ДЛЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ

The article considers the ways of lexical units translation in the English-Tatar dictionary for students. Educational Tatar lexicography with a foreign-language component is becoming more and more in demand today due to the development of polylingual Russian-Tatar-English environment within the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper reveals the main ways of translating words, phrases and sentences, which can be used by lexicographers for further work in this field. The author pays attention to the search for correspondences in the two different-system languages, the accuracy and adequacy of translation.

Formación del sujeto que necesita la sociedad contemporánea. El macrocurrículo como una experiencia de pensamiento complejo

La Universidad Autánoma de Manizales, como producto del ejercicio de planeacián estratégica. decidió reediseñar la estructura curricular. Esa reforma llevo a que se creara como alternativa a la formación integral de sus estudiantes un MacrocurrícUÚJ, el cual esta compuesto. en términos del plan de estudios por tres áreas asi: Componente sociohumanistico, componente de idiomas extranjeros y componente de desarrollo de la mentalidad empresarial. Este Macrocurriculo es sin duda un gran logro de la Universidad. sobre todo porque es una clara muestra de cómo debe ser la educación del siglo XXI. sobre todo. cuando el macrocurriculo es sin duda un experiencia institucional de pensamiento complejo.Este macrocurriculo es elobjeto de este trabajo.