Foreign Citizens Research Articles

Экономический вклад иностранных студентов в Российскую Федерацию

The number and mobility of international student is a sign of quality and prestige for universities and educational institutions. International student mobility impacts different aspects of global society, including socioeconomic, political, and cultural environment, science, and technology. In order to compete in the global educational environment and attract international students, Russia has been offering a wide range of programs where the English is the language of instruction. This paper offers a descriptive research and uses a systematic approach to analyze monetary gains of Russia brought in by international students. The research uses secondary data provided by official international organizations. The results show that 64.5% of the international students who studied full-time in Russian universities in academic year 2017 / 2018 were self-financed. Among the top 6 destination countries for international students, Russia spends the lowest percentage of GDP on education, has the lowest economic contribution of international students to GDP and total economic contribution of international students. International students in Russia spent around $637.5 million on tuition and $1,632.7 million on household expenses during the period of study. The aggregate income from providing Russian educational services to foreign citizens is $2,270.2 million.

Стратегии социокультурной адаптации как предикторы психологического благополучия детей иностранных граждан в России

<p>The aim of the study is to examine how the psychological well-being of children of foreign citizens is determined by their focusing on preserving the culture of their country of origin and accepting Russian culture, as well as by the level of expression of their national (Russian) and ethnic identity. Methods: Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale by E.S. Huebner, adapted by O.A. Sychev et al., Acculturation Scale for Children and Adolescents by O.E. Khukhlaev and M.Y. Chibisova, Measure of Youth’s Ethnic and National Identity, MYENI adapted by O.E. Khukhlaev, sociometric testing. The sample consisted of 669 children of foreign citizens, immigrants from the countries of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, aged 7 to 17 years. As a result of regression analysis, significant positive correlations between sociocultural adaptation and psychological well-being indicators were obtained in the sample of primary school, middle school and high school students. It was revealed that among primary and middle school students, integration strategy orientation serves as predictor of psychological well-being, while among high school students, such a predictor is assimilative strategy.</p>

Ensuring employment of the population: international legal standards and national experience

The article examines a number of international regulatory acts containing the main legal standards in the field of ensuring employment of the population, combating unemployment and social security of a person in connection with the loss of a person's job for reasons beyond his control. It is noted that these areas of legal regulation are directly related to the right to work, the effective prohibition of discrimination and forced labor, as well as the right to free personal development and decent work. The change in trends in the social policy of the states is monitored from the simple support of a sufficient living standard of the unemployed through the provision of state or insurance benefits to the state employment policy, which stimulates employment based on professional orientation, choosing a profession with maximum consideration of natural abilities and already acquired skills, opportunities for professional training, retraining and advanced training, building a system of professional education in accordance with the needs of the labor market, etc. International legal standards, which are the basis for the development of the legal system of any modern state, determine the directions of reforming both the legal system as a whole and its individual branches. Accordingly, the labor and social security legislation of Ukraine is also developing in line with global and European trends. In particular, already during the years of independence, legislation on employment and social protection of the unemployed has undergone significant reforms, increasingly approaching the high standards of ensuring human rights in this area. The revision of the 2012 Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population" was a significant progressive step, as it provided for a number of measures to stimulate productive employment, help young people get their first job, and regulated the procedure for employment of foreign citizens in Ukraine. This Law and the relevant regulatory documents are subject to constant changes, especially in the last few years in connection with the problems of the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 in the period of 2020-21 and the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from February 2022 to the present . It should be noted that the cooperation of the legislative and executive branches of government with experts of specialized international organizations brings positive results, as Ukrainian legal norms are increasingly approaching recognized international standards, in particular, the standards of the European Union, in which the main goal is to ensure human rights, respect for the individual, human dignity and equality of treatment in the spheres of employment and professional education.

Case report of leprosy in the Russian Federation

A clinical case of leprosy diagnosis in a citizen of the Republic of Chad (lepra-endemic region), а 24 year old male, student is presented. In 2019 the patient received permission to stay in the Russian Federation for educational purposes, entered one of the federal universities, and studied in Moscow, living in a hostel. During these years, he applied to various clinics, complaining of skin rashes and other symptoms characteristic of leprosy, without the effect of the prescribed treatment. In 2023, after contacting the clinic of skin diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), was first sent to the The Federal State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of Russia with suspicion of leprosy. The results of clinical and laboratory studies including bacterioscopic examination of skin scarifications and pathohistological study of the skin confirmed the diagnosis: A30.5 Leprosy, multibacterial form, lepromatous type, active stage. This case presentation testifies to the lack of alertness regarding leprosy, especially among doctors conducting medical examinations of foreign citizens in order to obtain permission to stay in the Russian Federation, which may cause the spread of dangerous infectious diseases on the territory of the Russian Federation.

On the Purpose and Structure of Basic Metho­dology for Investigating Crimes Related to the Activities of Foreign Citizens and Stateless Persons

The article discusses key questions of the formation of a basic forensic methodology for investigating crimes involving foreign citizens and stateless persons — determining its goal, tasks and structural elements. The author analyzes various viewpoints regarding the system of special forensic techniques and presents her own opinion on this issue. It is determined that the basic level is the second one, it uses the general crime investigation method and presents a scientific-methodological foundation for the formation of special methodologies for investigating different crimes. The author formulates the criminalistic category “crimes connected with the activities of foreign citizens”, which makes it possible to present a definition of the basic methodology for investigating crimes connected with the activities of foreign citizens and stateless persons with the goal of creating effective opportunities for identifying, investigating, solving and preventing crimes connected with the activities of foreign citizens by developing general criminalistic means and methods of collecting, researching, evaluating and using forensically relevant information on a criminal case. The author determines the goals and key structural elements of the methodology that influence its contents.

State Responsibility For Foreign Citizens Served As Ukraine Armed Force: An International Humanitarian Law Perspective

This study discusses the status of civilian foreign citizens who participated in the war to defend Ukraine under international humanitarian law and state responsibility for foreign civilians participating in the war to defend Ukraine under international humanitarian law. The purpose of this research is: to analyse the status of foreign nationals, especially those contained in the Geneva Convention of 1949; and accountability countries that are fair to foreign nationals based on humanitarian law international. The method used in this research is normative. Results from this research that the status of foreign citizens who are involved in fighting for Ukraine are entitled under International Humanitarian Law treated as prisoners of war and entitled to equal treatment of humans. Actions committed by foreign civilian citizens, from each country are obliged to provide accountability to the aggrieved party. The rights of foreign nationals are protected by conflicting countries but do not reduce the privileges of the state against its own citizen. The link between international human rights law and law international humanitarian law is also one of the basic reasons for detaining power does not have the right to commit acts of cruelty.

DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES DIRECTED TO PREVENT THE APPEARANCE AND SPREAD OF VIRAL HEPATITIS E IN BELARUS

Background. The incidence rates of hepatitis E in Belarus do not correspond to the prevalence of anamnestic antibodies in residents of the republic. Objective. To develop a set of preventive measures aimed at preventing the spread of the hepatitis E virus. Material and methods. 5745 blood sera samples were studied for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM from healthy individuals (n=2784), foreign citizens (n=1457), blood donors (n=378), domestic pigs (n=1126). 130 blood sera samples were examined for the presence of HEV RNA. Results. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG amounts to 7.3% (95 CI 5.8–9.0) in the general population, it is 11.2% (95% CI 9.6–12.9) in the group of patients with liver damage, 5.22% (95% CI 4.11–6.53) among foreign citizens, 33.75% (95% CI 30.44–37.32) among domestic pigs. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgM in the general population is 1.35% (95% CI 0.75–2.22), in ALT positive patients – 4.25% (95% CI 3.32–5.37), in foreign citizens – 1.03% (95% CI 0.58–1.7), in ALT positive donors – 2.89% (95% CI 1.25–5.69). Conclusions. There have been provided the epidemiological characteristics of HEV in Belarus. There has been developed a set of preventive measures.

ЛИЦО ТУРКМЕНСКОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ И АДАПТАЦИЯ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ

This study focuses on studying the main factors that have an impact on the adaptation and integration of migrants-students from Turkmenistan. The relevance of the study is related to preventing perceptibility of migrants by a society as “strangers” and identifying factors which block the ways of the adaptation and integration of foreign citizens into Russian society. The research proved that knowledge of the language is a key issue in the socialization of migrants. Ignorance of the Russian language can lead to the emergence of migrant enclaves in megacities, following the example of other countries, which can be used then as a base for radical and extremist activities in the society. The novelty of the study lies, first of all, in the fact that a sociological survey of students from Turkmenistan identified the range of current issuesonce again which are associated with the migration policy of the Russian government. Namely: obligatory knowledge of the Russian language for citizens entering the territory of the Russian Federation, the introduction of the institution of supervision at universities for foreign students, the development of social measures to prevent the emergence of “town houses” consisting of migrants in megacities.

ARRANGEMENTS REGARDING PROPERTY AS A LEGAL CONSEQUENCE OF PRENUPTIAL AGREEMENTS IN MIXED MARRIAGE

The increasing intensity of mixed marriages involving Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens has given rise to legal problems related to joint property ownership. Marriage agreements have been seen as a solution to protect the legal rights of both parties. This article aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of freedom of contract in marriage agreements in mixed marriages and examine its legal consequences on the separation of immovable property, which was set as normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results suggest the principle of freedom of contract underlines that parties to a marriage agreement are free to make agreements regarding property or non-asset as long as they do not conflict with statutory regulations and legal order. However, marriage agreements should only regulate matters relating to assets because disputes on matters other than assets are relatively complex to determine the boundaries. The non-separation of immovable assets entails that Indonesian citizen partners may lose the opportunity to obtain rights over the immovable property because they will later become part of joint ownership with their foreign citizen partner. Therefore, separating assets would ensure Indonesian citizens' land rights.

SETTLEMENT OF LAND OWNERSHIP DISPUTES BETWEEN MM LACHINSKY AND NY CAECILIA

The most fundamental thing about the modus operandi of violations in the implementation of Agrarian Law is the error in understanding, recognizing and applying the conversion of land rights from before and after the enactment of UUPA No. 5 of 1960. Apart from that, the worst thing is that there have been actions, among others, legalizing the mutation of documents with legal defects, the wrong application of the relevant law, changing the measuring papers to pictures of the situation and the mistakes of law enforcers and law enforcement. The results of this study indicate that the Basic Agrarian Law has never regulated that since the enactment of the Law, lands owned by citizens and foreigners have become land controlled by the State. Conversely, when the law is enacted, the old land rights must first apply the conversion provisions that are relevant to the position of the case, in this case are Article 1 paragraph (3), (4), (5) Provisions Conversion of UUPA and Article 12. These regulations are actually looser for foreign citizens who are being burdened with former rightsground lease. This concession and protection are explicitly or implicitly stated in these regulations, namely when there are obstacles for foreign nationals to obtain land conversion e.I dobecome property rights based on Article 1 paragraph (1) of the UUPA Conversion Provisions No. 5 of 1960, then article 1 paragraph (3) protects foreign ownership through conversion to building use rights referred to in article 35 paragraph (1) UUPA No. 5 of 1960. Whereas according to Article 36 paragraph (1) point a. Building use rights are forcitizen Indonesian only.

Assessment of the promotion of export of medical services in the Samara Region through websites of medical organizations

The article presents data on the implementation of the federal project «Development of the export of medical services» in terms of the implementation of recommendations on the maintenance of websites of medical organizations with the reflection of information for foreign citizens wishing to receive elective care in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the websites of medical organizations of the Samara Region and the neighboring Ulyanovsk Region was carried out in order to study the availability of information that could interest a potential patient to make a decision about hospitalization or receiving other medical care in this particular medical organization. Taking into account the analysis, the prospects for the implementation of the federal project at the regional level are determined

The Regulation of Personal Income Tax and Its Enforcement For Foreign Workers

Foreign workers who work in Indonesia are required to pay taxes, especially taxes on the salaries they receive. However, tax collectors are often considered to be detrimental to foreign workers, because they reduce the income from their salaries. The aim of this research is to analyze the regulations for imposing salary tax on foreign nationals who work in Indonesian territory and the sanctions that can be given to foreign nationals who do not pay tax from their salaries. The research method in this scientific journal uses a normative juridical approach using data available through Open Source. The results is based on the Tax Harmonization Law, which states that foreign citizens who have obtained work permits can automatically be said to be taxpayers. As for the imposition of PPH 21 income tax for salaries for foreign workers on fixed income, the amount of income subject to tax is in the Minister of Finance Regulation number 101/PMK.010/2016. The legal sanctions for foreign citizens do not pay their salary taxes include fines, interest sanctions and increased tax sanctions. The research contribution is to raise new scientific discipline for more comprehensive regulation of foreign taxpayers.

Staging emancipation and its limits: East German cultural diplomacy, the German Democratic Women’s League, and the 1975 World Congress of Women in East Berlin

ABSTRACT This article explores the cultural diplomacy of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) at the World Congress of Women in October 1975 in East Berlin. Organized by the Women’s International Democratic Federation to celebrate the UN International Women’s Year, the congress provided a space for communist and leftist advocates from across the globe to discuss women’s rights in connection with issues like global economic justice, anti-colonialism, and peace. But it also gave its host, the GDR, a platform to promote its emancipatory policies to women from the Global South. For weeks, delegates from Africa, Asia, and Latin America visited concerts, museums, and art exhibitions on women’s lives and took trips to neighbourhoods, kindergartens, schools, women’s advice centres, and hospitals across the GDR. Building on research on the performative dimensions of international diplomacy, this article discusses how the socialist regime transformed the congress halls, the city of East Berlin, and public institutions into ‘diplomatic stages’. It argues that while this performance was challenged by audiences like foreign journalists, Western delegates, and citizens, its success depended on the Demokratische Frauenbund Deutschlands (German Democratic Women’s League), the GDR's mass women’s organisation, and its networks to the international women’s movement.

Migrants' choices pertaining to informal childcare in Italy and France: A complex relationship between the origin and destination countries

AbstractChildcare is a need that inevitably emerges once migrants establish themselves and their families in their destination country. However, migrants' use of informal childcare still constitutes an under‐researched phenomenon. Using data from the ‘Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens’ survey (2011–2012) for Italy and the ‘Trajectoires et Origines’ survey (2008–2009) for France, this paper examines differences between migrants living in the two countries in terms of their use of informal childcare and, more specifically, their informal childcare arrangements. We employ a comparative analysis because we hypothesised that parental choices would depend on the migrants' region of origin, the institutional context of their destination country and the interplay between these two elements. The results suggest that migrants' choices stem from a complex relationship between the norms and beliefs of the country of origin and those in the destination country, which are generally characterised by different family policies and levels of childcare availability. We show that the use of informal childcare is higher among migrants in Italy than it is among those in France, even among migrants from the same region of origin. The results also suggest that the use of particular informal childcare arrangements varies by region of origin regardless of destination country, supporting the hypothesis that migrants' cultural values and beliefs play a critical role in determining childcare arrangements. Finally, we demonstrate that household composition and parents' occupational status strongly influence migrants' childcare choices.

Juridical Review of International Private Law in Interfaith Marriages Outside Indonesia (Case Study of the Marriage of Dimas Anggara and Nadine Chandrawinata)

One of the most important aspects of Indonesian culture is marriage. One topic that is considered very close to the essence of humanity is marriage. There is much debate about what is meant by marriage, especially when it comes to inter-religious unions that occur outside the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This case study investigates the legal framework of private international law that regulates interreligious unions that occur outside the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In the case of interfaith marriages that occur abroad, there is disagreement about the legitimacy or legality of marriage in Indonesia for couples who marry in different religious traditions. UU no. 1/1974 regulates marriage and states, in line with the 1945 Constitution, that no religious law or belief system can legitimize marriage. Every marriage performed outside Indonesia is deemed to have occurred between two Indonesian citizens or between an Indonesian citizen and a foreign citizen, in accordance with Pasal 56 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. According to Lex Loci Celebrations, a marriage is perfected in accordance with local law when it is performed in accordance with international private law. Interfaith marriages performed abroad are a kind of legal smuggling which is contrary to pasal 2(1) of international civil law and is regulated by it. Regarding legal certainty and how the status of interfaith marriages entered into abroad is treated, this topic will be discussed in a separate section below.

Implementation of Prosecution for Grants of Absolute Rights (Legitieme Portie) that Are Expired More than Three Years According to the Civil Code

The law guarantees the absolute rights of heirs or what is usually called legitimie portie. Legitimie Portie itself is an absolute portion of the heir's inheritance, which cannot be abolished or reduced by the person who will leave the inheritance or cannot be reduced by gifts during the testator's lifetime or gifts by will. The formulation of the problem in this research is (1) Implementation of the Grant Legitime Portie (absolute rights) in Decision no. 560/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Sby (2) Judge's legal considerations in decision no. 560/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Sby. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from Laws, journals. books, internet, etc. The result of this research is that the implementation of the testamentary grant requires approval from the Plaintiff who is one of the heirs and also has absolute rights (legitime portie) even though the Plaintiff is a foreign citizen, namely a Dutch citizen and it is proven that the Plaintiff has given consent to the will was granted with a Letter of Approval dated 21 December 2010. Then, on the basis of this letter of approval, to carry out the will, a Deed of Grant of Will was drawn up, number 18/2011, dated 31 May 2011, and this was then followed up by registering the rights to the land object of the dispute with the issuance of a certificate. property rights Number 842 in the name of the rights holder Leo Alphons Sandhaka. the plaintiff's claim has expired because the right to claim legitiemeportie regarding inheritance cannot expire 3 (three) years from the time the legitimaris declares that they have received the inheritance. Based on the provisions of Article 929 paragraph 4 of the Civil Code, the right to claim legitiemeportie will expire after 3 (three) years have passed. The legitimaris begins to declare that he has received the inheritance, thus the plaintiff's right to claim his legitiemeportie in the a quo case has expired (exceptio temporis).

Disparate incarceration rates of foreign citizens in Europe compared to Anglo‐Saxon countries

AbstractWhile the relationship between immigration and crime has been the focus of international research, particularly in Europe and North America, less attention has been paid to different rates of incarceration of foreign citizens between countries. Using data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on persons held in prison between 2015 and 2019, this study examines the impact of nationality on incarceration rates. The principal findings suggest, in most European countries, a significantly higher rate of foreign citizens held in prison compared to non‐immigrants. Conversely, the four Anglo‐Saxon countries studied here (Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States of America) did not demonstrate such a high rate of disparity compared to non‐immigrants. These results suggest the need to further identify the sociocultural and institutional factors that generate these differences between countries in order to develop equitable criminal justice systems across European and Anglo‐Saxon countries.

Analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in migrant workers with acute coronary syndrome

The flow of labor migrants to Russia is steadily growing. The rules for providing medical care to foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation depend on their status. Among the morbidity of migrant workers, infectious diseases, venereal diseases, tuberculosis, injuries, intoxication are leading. This increases the risks to the health of Russians, and also puts an economic burden on the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The purpose of our study was to study risk factors in migrant workers hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome. The study included 50 migrant workers and 107 Russian citizens hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome. Analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases revealed that in migrant labor patients, the development of acute coronary syndrome occurred at a younger age. There were significantly more smokers among migrant labor patients, they had a lower body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus and a previous acute myocardial infarction were significantly less common in the anamnesis. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome revealed that the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among migrant workers are smoking and lipid metabolism disorders.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЗОВАННЫХ ФОРМ ВНЕШНЕЙ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ

Based on the analysis of international agreements concluded by the Russian Federation and practical experience, the article examines the issues of international cooperation in terms of organized forms of realization by foreign citizens of the right to work, as well as international legal regulation of such activities. Based on the analysis, the directions of improving the quality of international coop-eration in this area are proposed.

Экспорт российского образования в механизме «мягкой силы»

The article analyzes Russia’s strategy for creating a positive image of the state, attracting foreign citizens to Russian universities. As part of the study, a survey of citizens from Kazakhstan, China, Uzbekistan studying at universities of the Russian Federation was carried out. It was found that the lower the quality of life in the respondent’s country, the more he has a desire to stay working in Russia, and the higher the material well-being of the respondent, the more he wants to continue studying and working abroad (USA, Canada, etc.). It is revealed that the higher the level of education of students’ parents and the position they hold, that is, the more well-off a student’s family is, the more often he focuses not only on university ratings, but also on quality of life ratings, happiness index, security, investments in human capital, etc. The authors concluded that the majority of foreign citizens tend to enroll to Russian universities on the recommendation of their reference personalities (usually parents, grandparents), who at one time received higher education in the Russian Federation. The results of the study showed that in order for Russia to enter the top five countries where foreign students study the most, it is necessary for the state and business to use the resources of “soft power”, which the author points out in his article.