Forced Labor Migration Research Articles

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF THE STAFF POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF STRENGTHENING PROCESSES OF FORCED LABOR MIGRATION

The purpose of the article is to identify the problematic economic and legal aspects of anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise in the conditions of strengthening the processes of forced labour migration of the population. The results obtained in the course of the research allow us to ascertain the significant impact on the activities of economic entities of modern challenges and dangers, which cause significant destructive changes in the labour resource management system of enterprises as a result of the threatening increase in the scale of forced labour migration, which exacerbates the shortage of personnel at domestic enterprises. and through the intensification of mobilization measures, which cause the movement of the economically active and highly qualified labour force to the structures of the defence forces and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article analyzes the essence, features and interrelationship of the anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise with the processes of forced labour migration of the population. It has been established that forced labour migration is a destabilizing factor in enterprise activity and creates prerequisites for the emergence of crisis situations. It has been proven that forced labour migration has a significant negative impact on the formation of labour resources of domestic enterprises, which causes a shortage of highly qualified workers. It was found that the processes of forced labour migration within the regions continue to intensify in Ukraine. In order to overcome crisis situations at the enterprise regarding the management of personnel potential, the most appropriate measures are proposed and substantiated. The model of anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise in the conditions of strengthening the processes of forced labour migration of the population is substantiated and proposed.

Forced labour migration as a threat to social and economic human rights and a factor of influence on the national labour market and business entities

Forced labour migration as a threat to social and economic human rights and a factor of influence on the national labour market and business entities

Afropolitan Masculinity: Forgeries of Wife-Owning Husbands in West Africa, 1850s–1950s

Between the 1850s and 1950s, when abolitionism masked neoslavery and engendered displacement and forced labour migration in West Africa, Africans used forgery as a survival mechanism. They forged legal documents, claimed multiple forms of citizenship and belonging as Afropolitans, and manipulated kinship and imperial bureaucracy in the quest for freedom. One arena of forgery examined in this article entailed the invention of “husband” as “wife-owner,” within a context of gendered aspirations for social reproduction in the age of abolition. Southeastern Nigerian male migrants mobilised freedom papers, labour contracts, marriage certificates, and the medium of petition-writing to fashion themselves into Afropolitan wife-owners in a bid to survive transimperial displacement, marginalisation, and subordination that arose from abolition forgery. Afropolitan masculinity illuminates how abolition forgery generated enduring structures of hierarchical gender relations in West Africa.

Long-Run Impacts of Forced Labor Migration on Fertility Behaviors: Evidence from Colonial West Africa

Long-Run Impacts of Forced Labor Migration on Fertility Behaviors: Evidence from Colonial West Africa

THE INFLUENCE OF PAYMENT ON THE WELFARE OF THE POPULATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE AND COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

It was established that it is the salary that reflects the contribution to the motivation of employees. It has been established that the salary is a tool that makes it possible to use the labor efficiency of more salaried employees. Peculiarities of wage formation in the conditions of the Ukrainian economy in recent years have been studied. An analysis of the modern theoretical base of its definition is made. The level of the minimum wage among the countries of the world was analyzed, accordingly, its level with world standards. The analysis of the minimum wage in Ukraine for 2016–2022 was performed and the factors affecting its growth and the difference in the minimum wage compared to other countries of the world were determined. The discrepancy between the nominal and real incomes of employees and the possibility of their influence on the reduction was established, which makes it impossible to ensure some living conditions and development of the country’s population. The dynamics of real and nominal wages in Ukraine are analyzed. The need for ways to reform it is suggested. It is pointed to a rather low level of wages, which does not in any way stimulate employees to increase labor productivity and increase the competitiveness of products. In modern conditions, the question is asked whether the salary is the real incentive that uses its main function - the stimulation of work. It is proposed to carry out wage reform, which will contribute to the implementation by our state of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the Decent Work Program of the International Labor Organization (ILO) for Ukraine, the Sustainable Development Goals for 2016–2030, the Poverty Alleviation Strategy and the provision of human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine . to a sufficient standard of living for himself and his family. It is noted that the criteria for the criteria when choosing ways to correct the situation in the payment of labor are: fulfillment of the international obligations of the state; increasing the purchasing power of wages as a factor of economic development; reduction of the poverty level of the population, in particular among them; level of filling of budgets and social insurance funds; reduction of salary arrears; reduction of forced labor migration poverty.

Kasi Football: an Ethnography of South African Rural Working-Class Football Traditions

Kasi football is the most popular form of informal urban football that emerged in the low-income black working-class neighbourhoods of South Africa. This football tradition took shape in the early 20th century in the context of forced labour migration in the industrializing South Africa. Autonomously organised, free-flowing, football games played for a sum of money or other stakes not only served as a way to cope with pressures of rapid urbanisation and displacement, but also as a way to reclaim ownership over their leisure space and time. In this paper, I examine how these urban football traditions are reimagined and performed among the rural working-class in contemporary South Africa. This ethnography of kasi football, games played almost every weekend, exposes the cultural robustness, adaptability to the conditions of disenfranchisement, as well as rawness of extreme inequality, which sustain these practices.

Принудительная миграция трудовых ресурсов (на примере депортации немцев в Хакасию)

In the article on the basis of archival materials (The state archive of the Russian Federation, The state archive of the Krasnoyarsk territory, The national archive of the Republic of Khakassia) considers the process of forced labor migration as a result of deportation of Russian Germans during the war. Analysis of archival information led to the conclusion that the labor resources of the germans were used in agriculture, logging and industrial enterprises.

A Migração Venezuelana no Brasil: crise humanitária, desinformação e os aspectos normativos

As crises política, social e econômica que vêm afetando a Venezuela, e intensificadas na segunda metade da atual década, colocou emigração internacional como alternativa de sobrevivência para aproximadamente dois milhões de venezuelanos, sendo o Brasil um entre os muitos dos destinos desses migrantes. Os graves fatores geradores desses deslocamentos populacionais acabaram por se traduzir numa verdadeira crise humanitária. A partir desse olhar, a proposta deste artigo, que entende esses movimentos como migração laboral forçada, ante à escassez de referências bibliográficas, foi recorrer às matérias jornalísticas, a alguns resultados de levantamentos estatísticos levados a campo e aos registros administrativos para buscar traçar um panorama sobre a trajetória e inserção desses imigrantes na sociedade de destino, pontuando como (des)informações disseminadas pelas autoridades locais, via de regra, superestimavam os volumes dos fluxos migratórios, serviram para criar uma imagem negativa dos imigrantes, gerando alguns episódios de agressões. Tudo isso num cenário de falta de coordenação entre os entes federados na condução de políticas migratórias adequadas.

Фактори ризику непсихотичних психічних та поведінкових розладів в умовах соціального стресу

Актуальність. Соціальна криза,триваючі, протягом майже 4-х років військові дії на Сході України, вимушена трудова міграція населення в пошуках матеріального забезпечення родини, а інколи – єдина можливість вижити в умовах соціально-економічної кризи, призвели до дезадаптації значної частини суспільства.
 Мета. Дослідити фактори ризику непсихотичних психічних та поведінкових розладів серед трудових мігрантів і учасників бойових дій з метою попередження психічних захворювань.
 Результати дослідження. За допомогою скринінг-тесту обстежено 150 осіб – 80 учасників бойових дій і 70 трудових мігрантів. Стресовразливими виявились: 30 учасників бойових дій і 40 трудових мігрантів. Такі фактори ризику, як низький соціально-економічний статус, відсутність у значної частини трудових мігрантів і демобілізованих учасників бойових дій матеріального- роботи на час обстеження, відсутність «повного» порозуміння в родині та підтримки з їх боку призвели до емоційних переживань. «Несправедливість» та «часті» приниження за меншовартісттю у трудових мігрантів провокували появу тривоги та потягу до вживання спитрних напоїв. У демобілізованих учасників бойових дій «байдуже» ставлення до їхніх проблем з боку суспільства викликали дратівливість, агресію, які підсилювалися вживанням психоактивних речовин.
 Висновки. Трудова міграція і участь в бойових діях є надзвичайно сильними стрес-факторами, які виснажують людину і фізично, і психічно та потребують дієвої державної і медичної допомоги.

The State, Convicts and Longitudinal Analysis

In 2006 the Records of the Tasmanian Convict Department were inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. This extraordinarily intact collection of records document the lives of 73,000 male and female prisoners transported to Van Diemen’s Land. This article examines ways in which this information can be used to explore the impact of forced labour migration on the lives of convicts. It focuses in particular on the assembly of cradle-to-grave datasets. Such longitudinal approaches to the past can be powerful, especially where they involve the analysis of multiple life course events for a large number of individuals. The first part of the article explores ways in which quantitative approaches can be used to reconstruct the circumstances that shaped the creation of record groups. The second part examines the way in which longitudinal analysis can be used to analyse the impact of state action on the lives of convicts.

Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula by Benjamin Reilly

Reviewed by: Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula by Benjamin Reilly Alan Mikhail Benjamin Reilly. Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2015. x + 211 pp. Ill. $28.95 (978-0-8214-2182-6). The main thesis of this book is that malarial conditions produced in the agricultural zones of the Arabian Peninsula led to a reliance on imported African slave laborers since they proved more able than locals to resist malaria. Tightly focused on proving this thesis, this short book zooms in on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, though it often makes forays much further back in time. The analysis is strictly material, epidemiological, and ecological. Slavery is an economic system of productive agricultural labor in this book, not a cultural or human institution made up of individual lives. Reilly builds his argument systematically, literally from the ground up. Chapters 1 and 2 offer a wonderful account of the complexities of irrigation, agriculture, and slave and non-slave labor in the Arabian Peninsula. After a case study in chapter 3, the book’s analytical argument continues in chapter 4 where we come to see how African slaves were the keys to making malarial agricultural regions viable and productive. The final chapter argues that Arabia’s slave system was not a temporary phenomenon, but rather a fundamental component of its history and economy, one that would eventually be inscribed even in the very genes of the peninsula’s peoples. The achievements of this book are many. Empirically, Reilly adds rich detail to our still adolescent understanding of the agricultural history of the Arabian Peninsula. Oil and religion dominate the region’s historiography. There are, however, obviously other—often older—stories to tell, and Reilly gives us some of them. The details of irrigation systems, bustan gardening, and geographic zones are all extremely useful. The book succeeds too in arguing against the dominant understanding of slavery in the Middle East and North Africa—namely, that it was overwhelmingly concentrated on domestic slavery and concubinage. Historians have long drawn a distinction between slavery in the Muslim world and slavery in the Americas. If the latter was based almost entirely on extractive labor for the cultivation of cash crops, the former aimed at serving an elite, producing offspring, and staffing a military. Reilly shows us in fact that the two systems were not as different as we might think. African slaves were used for agriculture in the Middle East, or at least in the Arabian Peninsula, and primarily for one of the same reasons they were in the Americas—their adapted resistance to malaria. With this intervention, Reilly should be commended for bringing the Middle East more squarely into studies of global slavery and the African diaspora. The book also serves as a longer history of forced labor migration and displacement in the Arabian Peninsula. The majority of the people living in many of the peninsula’s countries today are non-citizen migrant laborers from South and Southeast Asia, Africa, and other parts of the Middle East. Long before the coercive power of our era’s global wealth disparities, the Arabian Peninsula’s servile labor regime, as Reilly shows, had been forcibly imported from outside of the region. Throughout the book, Reilly is very clear that sources are a problem. “The study of Arabian Peninsula history,” he writes, “obliges one to be as flexible and [End Page 728] creative as possible with the relatively small amount of available evidence” (p. 127). Ultimately the book’s wonderfully “flexible and creative” attempts to overcome the source problem, using everything from genetics to poetry, is also its greatest weakness. Can a study of slavery in colonial French North Africa really be used to illuminate the situation in the Arabian Peninsula? How well exactly can Indian Ocean slave numbers be used as a proxy for the scale of the trade in the Arabian Peninsula? Perhaps more problematic than these sorts of proxy questions is Reilly’s near total reliance on European and American travel literature and British colonial sources. To his credit, Reilly is very upfront about the shortcomings of his source base and in explaining how and why...

Juveniles as Human Capital: Re-evaluating the Economic Value of Juvenile Male Convict Labour

The application of “Human Capital” theory by Nicholas and others in the late 1980s to reframe our understanding of convictism was a watershed moment in colonial historical analysis. This was because it shifted debate away from the moral character of the convicts and reconceptualised them as a valuable labour commodity that was to be understood in the context of much broader patterns of forced labour migration. Drawing on pre-transportation records and evidence relating to two institutions for transported juvenile convicts — the Carters’ Barracks (Sydney) and Point Puer (Port Arthur, Van Diemen’s Land), this article examines the economic conceptualisation of juvenile male convict labour and critiques whether the same “Human Capital” theory can be applied to the juvenile convicts who were sent to New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land. The study posits that this conceptual approach frames the juvenile transportation phenomenon too narrowly temporally, socially and economically.

The Structural Injustice of Forced Migration and the Failings of Normative Theory

AbstractI propose to criticize two strands of argument—contractarian and utilitarian—that liberals have put forth in defense of economic coercion, based on the notion of justifiable paternalism. To illustrate my argument, I appeal to the example of forced labor migration, driven by the exigencies of market forces. In particular, the forced migration of a special subset of unemployed workers lacking other means of subsistence (economic refugees) cannot be redeemed paternalistically as freedom or welfare enhancing in the long run. Further, contractarian and utilitarian approaches are normatively incapable of appreciating this fact because the kinds of reasons that they adduce for justifying the long-term freedom-enhancing consequences of forced migration are not ones that would be acceptable to the migrants themselves. I conclude that only a discourse ethical approach, which mandates direct, empathetic communication between would-be migrants and members of potential host communities, captures the full range of reasons that would be acceptable to both migrants and members of these communities. These reasons—appealing both to agency-enhancing communal attachments as well as to agency-enhancing freedom of choice—fully reveals the extent to which a global capitalist system composed of relatively closed national communities coerces the world’s poorest migrants.

Cultures in contact: world migrations in the second millennium

Acknowledgments and Dedication Contexts: An Introductory Note to Readers 1. Worlds in Motion, Cultures in Contact Part I The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Mediterranean and Eurasian Worlds to the 1500s 2. Antecedents: Migration and Population Changes in the Mediterranean-Asian Worlds 3. Continuities: Mobility and Migration from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Century 4. The End of Intercivilization Contact and the Economics of Religious Expulsions 5. Ottoman Society, Europe, and the Beginnings of Colonial Contact Part II Other Worlds and European Colonialism to the Eighteenth Century 6. Africa and the Slave Migration Systems 7. Trade-Posts and Colonies in the World of the Indian Ocean 8. Latin America: Population Collapse and Resettlement 9. Fur Empires and Colonies of Agricultural Settlement 10. Forced Labor Migration in and to the Americas 11. Migration and Conversion: Worldviews, Material Culture, Racial Hierarchies Part III Intercontinental Migration Systems to the Nineteenth Century 12. Europe: Internal Migrations from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century 13. The Russo-Siberian Migration System 14. The Proletarian Mass Migrations in the Atlantic Economies 15. The Asian Contract Labor System (1830s to 1920s) and Transpacific Migration 16. Imperial Interest Groups and Subaltern Cultural Assertion Part IV Twentieth-Century Changes 17. Forced Labor and Refugees in the Northern Hemisphere to the 1950s 18. Between the Old and the New, 1920s to 1950s 19. New Migration Systems since the 1960s 20. Intercultural Strategies and Closed Doors in the 1990s Notes Selected Bibliography Sources for Maps and Figures Index Worlds in Motion, Cultures in Contact PART 1 The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Mediterranean and Eurasian Worlds to the 1500s Antecedents: Migration and Population Changes in the Mediterranean-Asian Worlds Continuities: Mobility and Migration from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Century The End of Intercivilizational Contact and the Economics of Religious Expulsions Ottoman Society, Europe, and the Beginnings of Colonial Contact PART 11 Other Worlds and European Colonialism to the Eighteenth Century Africa and the Slave Migration Systems Trade Posts and Colonies in the World of the Indian Ocean Latin America: Population Collapse and Resettlement Fur Empires and Colonies of Agricultural Settlement Forced Labor Migration in and to the Americas Migration and Conversion: Worldviews, Material Culture, Racial Hierarchies PART III Intercontinental Migration Systems to the Nineteenth Century Europe: Internal Migrations from' the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century The Russo-Siberian Migration System The Proletarian Mass Migrations in the Atlantic Economics The Asian Contract Labor Systern (1830s to 1920s) and Transpacific Migration Imperial Interest Groups and Subaltern Cultural Assertion PART IV Twentieth-Century Changes Forced Labor and Refugees in the Northern Hemisphere to the 1950s Between the Old and the New, 1920s to 1950s New Migration Systems since the 1960s Intercultural Strategies and Closed Doors in the 1990s

Trafficking in women and children as a security challenge in Southeast Europe

With the advent of free market systems in Southeast Europe, the free flow of labour is a necessary precondition for economic growth and revitalization of depressed economies. Trafficking and human smuggling, as two extreme forms of labour migration, are therefore on the rise. This article develops a conceptual framework of these phenomena, outlines humanitarian responses to trafficking in Southeast Europe, and argues for structural reforms to address the underlying conditions leading to forced labour migration and enslavement. Specific interventions proposed are: (1) developing legal migration regimes; (2) ensuring social safety nets; and (3) countering public corruption of government officials.

Representing Convicts: New Perspectives on Convict Forced Labour Migration

Part 1 Convict texts: problematic passages - Jack Bushman's narrative, Ian Duffield virtual reality, Toni Johnson-Woods Margaret Catchpole's first ride, Tina Picton Phillips from Keneally to Wertenbaker - sanitizing convicts, Ruth Brown. Part 2 Questioning the convict class: representing women, Deborah Oxley contumacious, ungovernable and incorrigible - women and workplace resistance, Van Diemen's land 1820-1839, Kirsty Reid a zone of silence - Queensland's convicts and the historiography of Moreton Bay, Tasmin O'Connor workers, penal workers and Sarah Island - life at Macquarie Harbour, 1822-1834, Hamish Maxwell-Stuart. Part 3 Classifying bodies: the genealogy of the modern subject - Indian convicts in Mauritius, Clare Anderson embodied explorations - investigating tattoes and the transportation system, James Bradley and Hamish Maxwell-Stuart what punishment will be sufficient for these rebellious hussies? - headshaving and women in the penal factories, 1820s-1840s, Joy Damousi.

The People of the Cape Verde Islands: Exploitation and Emigration

This study which is translated from the original Portuguese is concerned with migration from the Cape Verde islands. Separate consideration is given to voluntary migration and to forced labor migration. The history of the islands and the development of their population from the fifteenth century to the present day are first described. The next chapter is devoted to voluntary emigration with particular emphasis on emigration to the United States and Guinea. A chapter on forced emigration to other African areas ruled by the Portuguese is then provided. Statistical data on this migration are included in appendixes.