Force Field Analysis Research Articles

Students’ Perceptions About the Webinars: An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Force Field Analysis

Aftermath of the recent pandemic, online learning has emerged as an essential aid that uses webinars frequently. However, there is a little or no evidence of work which discerned the usefulness of the webinars by considering both positive and negative forces. To this end, the present work exhibits a new Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number (IFN) based force field analysis (FFA) to compare the influences of both driving factors (DFs) and restraining factors (RFs). A group of 91 students participated in the study. The current work presents wherein the full consistency method (FUCOM) has been utilized to find the weights of the DFs and RFs. Overall, the current work shows that the aggregated score of DF is more than that of the opposing forces (i.e., RF). Therefore, it is evident that webinars are the accepted situation post-pandemic. The current study shall provide useful direction for designing hybrid learning.

Viscosity Reduction and Drag Reduction Performance Analysis of Bionic Excavator Buckets Based on Discrete Element Method

With the aiming of solving problems with the existing ordinary excavator buckets used in the process of operations (such as heavy digging resistance, ease of adhesion, and others), seven types of bionic buckets and a prototype bucket were designed, based on the contractile-state curve of the earthworm head and the contour curve of the pangolin claw toe. The digging processes of the buckets were simulated using the discrete element method. The results show that, compared with the prototype buckets, all seven types of bionic buckets have significant drag reduction effects at the same digging depth, and the drag reduction effects increase with the decrease of digging speed. Among them, the composite bionic bucket-3 has the highest drag reduction rate, of 14.469% when the digging speed is 2 rad/s. At the same digging speed, different buckets disturb the soil particles to different degrees, and the bionic buckets disturb the soil more significantly compared with the prototype buckets. By conducting contact force field analysis for the buckets, it was shown that the bionic corrugated structure brings the bucket surface into incomplete contact with the soil particles, where the contact is on small areas or even on points, so that the relative velocity between the soil and the shovel body increases under the same driving force, which reduces the excavation resistance. This study provides a theoretical and design basis.

E-Government Efforts Through a Culture of Intranet Use E-Learning Green Computing in Environmental Schools as a Solution to Prevent Global Warming (A Paperless Study on Integrated Environmental Education-based Schools at SDN Lowokwaru 2 Malang)

Global warming is a serious environmental problem, one of the causes of global warming is the cutting down of forests to produce paper. Paperless evaluation in elementary schools can be a revolutionary solution to prevent global warming. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the success of paperless culture and measure the strength of factors on the routine use of e-learning green computing intranet in Adiwiyata schools. Previous studies have mostly discussed the impact of environmental learning on students’ awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. This research can provide new information on preventing global warming of paperless evaluation routine culture. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Research question one used interactive analysis and research question two used Force Field Analysis (FFA). The results of this study found that the success of the paperless evaluation routine can shape the e-government character culture. The conclusion is that paperless evaluation can save one tree every year because the supporting factors are powerful and greatly contribute to preventing global warming. Keywords: e-learning, computing, green, intranet, paperless

Риск-ориентированный анализ безопасности эксплуатации транспортных средств на основе использования инструментов цифровизации

The issue of occupational safety during activities of transportation in conditions of intensified impact of factors of the external environment is considered. The constituent elements of the occupational safety mechanism for the implementation of transportation processes have been analyzed. Based on the studies of injury rate in railway transport, the key causes of occupational safety decrease in contemporary geopolitical conditions have been detected, and the options for the improvement of occupational safety considering the implementation of digital technologies enabling the accumulation, registration, structuring, and analysis of large amounts of data have been considered. It is crucial for the use of blockchain technology to register the information about the movement of a vehicle without the possibility of its correction and monitor the condition of the transport infrastructure. A hybrid approach has been proposed for the development of the occupational safety mechanism based on the implementation of the «force field analysis» approach implying the identification and assessment of the impact of factors of the external environment that can directly or indirectly affect occupational safety in the transportation sphere. Using this approach enables the consideration of the riskiness of the transportation process based on the analysis of factors facilitating the improvement of life safety and factors hampering the implementation of innovations in the sphere of movement of vehicles. Based on the studies, a model of risk-oriented analysis of the safety of vehicle operation that characterizes the level of occupational safety when assessing emerging risks during vehicle operation, oriented to the systematization of analysis of statistical data, has been presented. The options to improve the occupational safety mechanism based on the monitoring of potentially hazardous transportation risks generated by changing factors of the external environment and the assessment of consequences of risks have been proposed to develop measures of risk prevention.

Arab Countries’ Interest in Integration in Eurasia: Tactics or Strategy?

In the situation of transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world, the tasks of developing a dialogue with the Arab world are set out in the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation for 2023. In contrast to the “senior-junior” concept developed by the West, in which the allegedly “natural” leading role is unfairly assigned to Western powers and which causes growing resistance from the states of the Global South, Russia proposes that its Arab partners form relations based on a fair consideration of each other’s interests. The Arab ruling circles, experts, and the “Arab street” increasingly perceive Russia as a statecivilization that is not only located in Eurasia, but is also a driving force for the integration of the Non-West. Of particular interest is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a platform for generating ideas and coordinating between the emerging centers of power represented by India, China, and Russia, especially after Iran, a regional rival of Saudi Arabia, became a member of the SCO in 2023. Is the Arab interest in the Eurasian NonWest strategic or tactical, being in the second case aimed solely at exerting pressure on the West to obtain maximum concessions? This is a difficult, but key question that requires an answer from experts, which explains the relevance of this article. In his study, the author uses situational analysis tools, including content analysis methods, force field analysis and data visualization. The author concludes that the interest of Arab countries in integration in Eurasia, including cooperation with Russia, is predominantly strategic.

Optimal propulsion efficiency for NACA0012 foils with asymmetries in motion: A hybrid approach using the Taguchi method and artificial neural networks

This study uses the Taguchi method and artificial neural networks to optimize the thrust and propulsion efficiency of a NACA0012 foil, examining variables like downstroke duration (S = 0.3–0.5), angle of attack during downstroke and upstroke (αmd, αmu = 20°–50°), and Strouhal number (St = 0.2–0.5). Analysis shows that the St greatly affects thrust, while the αmu is pivotal for propulsion efficiency. Thrust is optimized by using a shorter S of 0.3, a greater αmd of 50° and a larger St of 0.45–0.5 and efficiency is optimized by using symmetric S of 0.5, a smaller αmd, αmu of 20° and a lower St of 0.35–0.39. Force and flow field analysis shows that certain combinations optimize thrust by mitigating negative thrust in the early downstroke, though they increase power consumption, lowering overall efficiency. Configurations balancing stroke duration and minimizing the angle of attack enhance efficiency by decreasing power demand for steady thrust. Wake structure analysis reveals that optimal efficiency involves generating reverse Kármán vortex streets, while optimizing thrust leads to a more chaotic wake. This study advances fluid dynamics in propulsion systems and aids in designing more efficient, adaptable underwater vehicles by identifying the key balance between thrust optimization and propulsion efficiency.

The barriers and facilitators to the design and delivery of sustainable healthcare across NHS Scotland: A forcefield analysis

Healthcare systems around the world have set ambitious targets to design and deliver more environmentally sustainable healthcare. To achieve these targets, individuals, teams, organisations, and whole systems will have to change current attitudes, practices and processes. Change management theory advocates for early identification of the influencing forces to change, so that actions can be taken to overcome the barriers and strengthen the facilitators to increase the likelihood of success. This project undertook a forcefield analysis exercise to identify the barriers and facilitators to the design and delivery of sustainable healthcare in Scotland. The exercise identified 12 facilitators and 12 barriers to sustainable change and formulated ten recommendations to strengthen the former and overcome the latter. It is hoped that the results will raise awareness of the factors that influence the design and delivery of sustainable healthcare and will inform what actions can be taken to increase the likelihood of success.

An exploration of generativity in faculty group processes in post-secondary.

Like most organizations, a university needs to plan for its success. The environment in which universities operate continues to shift and change consequent to economic realities, changing demographics, changes in technology, and most recently a global pandemic. Planning in higher education must be creative and responsive to address multifaceted demands. To sustain post-secondary education, institutional leaders need to develop skill sets that promote effective dialogue, group work, and generativity within internal organizations. Concepts of leadership for the 21st century shift focus away from the previous approaches of making incremental improvements to already existing processes toward discovering possibilities, exploring potential innovations, and generating actions (Burgess & Newton, 2015; Webber, 2016). Building on existing frameworks for understanding generativity in group work and planning, this study sought to understand generative processes and conversations that compel people to act upon thoughts and feelings arising from social interactions. A descriptive study design was utilized to explore and summarize the experiences of faculty involved in three different group planning processes: brainstorming (Osborn 1953, 1957, 1963), a force field analysis (Lewin, 1947), and a variation of an appreciative inquiry process (Cooperrider & Srivastva, 1987). The development of a generative conversations survey tool focused on how the faculty participants perceived the qualities of their experiences. A key outcome of the research was the creation of a set of recommendations for thinking about the design of group sessions and meetings that can transmethodologically enhance chances for generative results.

Positioning marketing analytics for organisational agility in the ready-made garments industry in an emerging country context

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the complex forces that influence the adoption of marketing analytics in the ready-made garments (RMG) industry in an emerging country context. The forces for change and those that impede the adoption of marketing analytics in the industry were explored. We used Lewis’s Force Field Analysis framework to inform the research. Semi-structured interviews with managers, technology experts, and government officials were conducted using face-to-face and virtual meetings. The results reveal that RMG buyers’ demand, competitors, lack of employee performance, and climate change issues are central forces pushing for implementing marketing analytics in the industry. However, the lack of knowledge, interest, and technology-skilled people, high cost, employee resistance, privacy issues, high employee turnover, and government policies are significant impediments to marketing analytics adoption in the RMG industry. The theoretical, organisational, policy, and professional implications are then discussed. Theoretically, this study contributes by creating a conceptual framework using Lewin’s Force Field Analysis. In practical terms, this study suggests that marketing analytics in the Industry 4.0 era offers significant opportunities for businesses and policymakers to increase their flexibility, competitiveness and responsiveness.

IJCM_46A: Attendance in Anganwadi centres through Anganwadi workers’ lens: A Force Field Analysis in Urban slum

Background: The NFHS-5 found that 35.5% (Urban areas-30%) of children under five years were stunted and 32.1% were overweight (1). ICDS being a centrally sponsored scheme, is functioning nationwide in tribal, rural and urban slums; with a potential to improve nutritional outcome as well as overall development of the child. Children dwelling in urban slums are at a higher risk of being undernourished. As per the NFHS 2015-16 survey, only 40.2% of children from urban areas are receiving ICDS services. The anganwadi workers(AWW) identify and encourage the beneficiaries to attend anganwadi regularly and avail the services. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for a lower enrolment of children in anganwadi. Methodology: The study was conducted in an urban slum in Mumbai with a population of 1.2lakh. We conducted force field analysis among the AWWs in 3 groups of 6-7 each. The factors mentioned in individual sheets and those represented in diagram were analysed manually. Results: The force field analysis revealed that the motivating factors for attending anganwadi regularly were closer distance from home, attractive toys/activities, special food on certain days, interactive teachers, meeting friends, siblings going to school. On the contrary, reasons for poor/nil attendance were infrastructural challenges like restricted space, no water and electricity, rented anganwadis; availability of private/municipality preschools nearby; working parents; ration made available at doorsteps during COVID and disinterest in the variety of food provided. Conclusion: Need-based revamping of Anganwadis in urban slums is needed to improve the attendance of children and in turn ensure good nutrition and development of children in slums.

Barriers Faced by Healthcare Providers during Home Visits of Palliative Care Patients - A Qualitative Study.

We, the Department of Community Medicine, have been training healthcare providers for palliative care in the hospital and community setting. There were many difficulties in providing proper palliative care. The objective is to explore the various difficulties faced by Junior Residents, auxiliary nurse and midwife (ANM) and medical social workers (MSWs) during the home visits of palliative care patients and to address those difficulties in future visits. The study was conducted in our peripheral institutions such as the Rural Health Training Centre and the Urban Health Training Centre among Junior Residents, ANMs and MSWs who had provided palliative care for the patients. Qualitative study design includes participatory research action techniques such as force field analysis, cobweb diagram, and pairwise ranking, and Systematic techniques include the Delphi technique. Indicators for difficulties faced by Junior Residents were derived and plotted based on priorities and joined to form a cobweb diagram. Difficulties were time constraints, lack of resources such as medications and transport facilities, need for specialist care, and non-adherence to the advice. Driving force and restraining force for palliative care were derived and plotted on the force field analysis. The favourable factors in providing palliative care services of the healthcare providers are self-satisfaction with treating the patient, satisfaction due to treatment at the doorstep, understanding the patient's psychological or social factors affecting their health, skill development and counselling of the patient. The restraining factors in providing palliative care services of the healthcare providers are time constraints, lack of resources, patient not following the advice properly, improper care by caregivers and unable to fulfill certain needs of the patient. Pairwise scoring/ranking was done for MSWs by plotting the issues faced in palliative care visits in rows and columns. The difficulties were time constraints, lack of resources, lack of proper knowledge of staff and need for specialist care. The possible potential solutions derived from the Delphi technique were proper planning to reduce time constraints and intense counseling of patients on adherence to treatment. It helped to identify the difficulties faced by healthcare providers and to plan for solutions in future palliative home care visits.

Identifying barriers and benefits of shared e-scooters in promoting sustainability in Kuwait using Delphi and Force Field Analysis Methods

People are wasting time during their way to their destination due to traffic jam. Shared electronic scooter is ana alternative transport mode that saves time. This mode of transportation widely spread after COVID-19 pandemic. This research investigates the main opportunities and barriers of adopting this technology in Kuwait from three sides which are social, environmental, economic, and safety aspects taking into consideration the travel behavior and urban infrastructure sides. Experts’ opinions were collected from two rounds of the Delphi questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using Force Field Analysis Method in order to get a precises prediction of the most significant facilitators and barriers after the period of COVID-19 to figure out the importance of the sustainability of the e-scooters. According to the urban infrastructure side, the e-scooters adoption was favorable from all aspects except the economic aspect. On the other hand, travel behavior was challenging, it was unfavorable form environmental and safety aspects. It’s recommended to regulate more laws that ensure all road users’ safety.

Toward an enhanced methodology to mitigate challenges of applying participatory action research in managing innovation projects

PurposeThis research aims to examine the challenges of recruiting participatory action research (PAR) in managing innovation projects. An enhanced methodology based on PAR was developed to mitigate the challenges related to recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. The proposed methodology was evaluated by comparing it to established methodologies/frameworks such as Scrum, Design Thinking (DT) and The Lean Startup (TLS). The evaluation aimed to determine the advantages and limitations of the proposed methodology in managing innovation projects.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed enhanced methodology consists of eight steps, ranging from developing an understanding of the industry and business structure to learning and knowledge management. In addition, the enhanced methodology uses other techniques, such as Force field analysis and 12 boundary questions.FindingsThe research findings indicate that using the proposed methodology can improve the formalization of collaboration in PAR, enabling the organization to respond better to market changes. It helps define the project scope more clearly, encouraging innovation, addressing communication barriers and considering different worldviews and practical issues. Based on the findings, the proposed enhanced methodology could complement other methodologies/frameworks such as Scrum, DT and TLS.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research adds to the existing literature by identifying the challenges of recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. A deductive reasoning process was utilized because there is no comprehensive research concerning the challenges of recruiting PAR in managing innovation projects. On the other hand, the PAR 4-phase cycle has been reviewed and enhanced to manage innovation projects.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodology was used in a new product development project. The case study was done on one of the payment service provider companies that design, develop and deploy a digital product for marketing, installation, repair and maintenance of electronic funds transfer at point of sale devices.Originality/valueNo research has yet sought to identify the challenges of using PAR in innovation project management (IPM). Identifying the challenges associated with applying PAR in the IPM and providing an enhanced methodology to mitigate the challenges could fill a gap in IPM studies.

Formulating a Strategy for Development of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in Indonesia with the Force Field Analysis (FFA) Method

Beef cattle farming in Indonesia is dominated by smallholder farms with a micro scale, which is less than 5 (five) heads, traditionally raised with limited resources, but is sustainable. This study aims to formulate a strategy for the development of smallholder beef cattle farms. Research data was obtained by means of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), filling out questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with key speakers. Data analysis using Force Field Analysis (FFA) method which is based on driving factors (D) and inhibiting factors (H). The results of the study found that the driving factors for the development of smallholder beef cattle farming in Indonesia are consumption needs and market availability, government policies and institutional, social and cultural support of the community, availability of animal feed sources, availability of upstream and downstream industries, as well as regional carrying capacity and the use of appropriate technology, while the inhibiting factors for the development of smallholder beef cattle in Indonesia are unowned livestock Fully business-oriented, livestock cultivation is family savings, market access and long marketing chains, limited resource accessibility, poor reproductive management and low feeder availability, as well as weak protection of live cattle selling prices and tends to fluctuate. The conclusion of the study shows that the driving factor (D) has a smaller value when compared to the inhibiting factor (H), so the proposed policy recommendation is to revitalize government policies that support the development of the agribusiness sector (upstream, onfarm, and downstream) and agro-industry of smallholder beef cattle initiated by farmer institutions.

Force Field Analysis Software and Tools (FFAST): Assessing Machine Learning Force Fields under the Microscope.

As the sophistication of machine learning force fields (MLFF) increases to match the complexity of extended molecules and materials, so does the need for tools to properly analyze and assess the practical performance of MLFFs. To go beyond average error metrics and into a complete picture of a model's applicability and limitations, we developed FFAST (force field analysis software and tools): a cross-platform software package designed to gain detailed insights into a model's performance and limitations, complete with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The software allows the user to gauge the performance of any molecular force field,─such as popular state-of-the-art MLFF models, ─ on various popular data set types, providing general prediction error overviews, outlier detection mechanisms, atom-projected errors, and more. It has a 3D visualizer to find and picture problematic configurations, atoms, or clusters in a large data set. In this paper, the example of the MACE and NequIP models is used on two data sets of interest [stachyose and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]─to illustrate the use cases of the software. With this, it was found that carbons and oxygens involved in or near glycosidic bonds inside the stachyose molecule present increased prediction errors. In addition, prediction errors on DHA rise as the molecule folds, especially for the carboxylic group at the edge of the molecule. We emphasize the need for a systematic assessment of MLFF models for ensuring their successful application to the study of dynamics of molecules and materials.

The Persistence of the Homeless Shelter as an Institutional Form: NYC’s Response to Homelessness and COVID Through an Organizational Lens

ABSTRACT This paper investigates a taken-for-granted institutional form, shelters for unhoused New Yorkers, through the neo-institutional lens of institutional inertia and critical case study methodology. It focuses on the external shock of COVID-19, NYC’s use of unoccupied hotels for social distancing, and the return to shelters when COVID waned. For guidance, we examine other instances of interrupted institutional inertia following shocks. Using Lewin’s force field analysis, we explore why changes to some institutional forms amidst COVID persisted while novel approaches to shelter dissipated. We conclude that directly involving unhoused people in the design and implementation of homeless services may improve outcomes.

Value added product of pumpkin commodity in the central area of Banyuwangi Regency

The agricultural industry that is experiencing rapid development is the processing industry of agricultural products which aims to produce new products that are more innovative and ready for consumption by the public. This diversification of food based on local food is very necessary to support the national food security program. In Banyuwangi District has the abundance of pumpkin. Efforts to diversify pumpkin into functional food need to be processed into pumpkin into various food products. The emergence of pumpkin processing industry can play a role as a processing of local resources. The focus of the objectives in this study is to apply appropriate technology in the creation of added value products downstream of pumpkin commodities; and designing strategies for sustainability of sustainability strategies for the development of down pumpkin commodity products in the centre of Banyuwangi regency, both in terms of sustainability, facilities and infrastructure, institutions and policies. Data analysis methods include value added analysis and FFA (Force Field Analysis). The results of this study indicate that the processed products produced include dodol and pumpkin sticks. The sustainable strategy for the development of downstream products for the pumpkin commodity is diversification of food consumption will provide incentives and incentives for the provision of food products that are more diverse and safer for consumption, including local flour-based food products.

Experts' Perspectives on Use of Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources for Computerized Clinical Decision Support.

Barriers to improving the US healthcare system include a lack of interoperability across digital health information and delays in seeking preventative and recommended care. Interoperability can be seen as the lynch pin to reducing fragmentation and improving outcomes related to digital health systems. The prevailing standard for information exchange to enable interoperability is the Health Level Seven International Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources standard. To better understand Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources within the context of computerized clinical decision support expert interviews of health informaticists were conducted and used to create a modified force field analysis. Current barriers and future recommendations to scale adoption of Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources were explored through qualitative analysis of expert interviews. Identified barriers included variation in electronic health record implementation, limited electronic health record vendor support, ontology variation, limited workforce knowledge, and testing limitations. Experts recommended research funders require Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resource usage, development of an "app store," incentives for clinical organizations and electronic health record vendors, and Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resource certification development.

Transformative Capacity Building by Systematic Use of Urban Living Labs: A Case Study of Alytus, Lithuania

This article aims to introduce the concept of Permanent Urban Living Lab (PULL) as a method for urban transformative capacity building. Since the beginning of 2000s, the urban living labs (ULLs) are being researched and examined as experimental settings that bring together various stakeholders, such as citizens, researchers, businesses, and policymakers, to co-create and test innovative solutions for urban developments. They offer a collaborative and participatory approach to urban solutions that engages and empowers local communities and fosters a culture of a shared foresight process and mutual learning. In the context of local development, the ULLs can serve as a powerful tool for building the urban transformative capacities (UTC) by providing a platform for local actors to develop their skills, knowledge, and networks for intersectoral cooperation, and by creating opportunities for experimentation and experiential learning. The case of Alytus, Lithuania, is an interesting example of how the urban living labs can be used to drive local development. Alytus is a mid-sized city in Lithuania, Northern Europe that has faced a range of social, geopolitical, economic, and environmental challenges typical of the region in recent years, including declining population, high unemployment, and deteriorating public spaces. The aim of this article is to analyse the perspective of implementation of European policies and methodologies presented in the Urban Europe Programme if applied to the search of transformative capacities’ building for better city co-governance. In this respect, methods of the quadrupole helix model, urban living labs, force field analysis and different forms of co-creation are discussed as the founding elements for initiating a digital platform for citizens’ involvement and participation in urban transformations.

Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Farming in Ethiopia: Evidence from Vegetable Producers in Addis Ababa

Purpose: Despite barriers that make it less productive, vegetable production is becoming an important activity among urban dwellers in developing countries, including Ethiopia, to achieve food security. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by small-scale vegetable producers and the opportunities for urban farming in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Methodology: In this research, data were collected using questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions. A probability sampling technique was employed to select the respondent households. Household survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multinomial logistic regression. The challenges of urban vegetable production were analysed through the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) and Force field analysis.
 Findings: According to the study's findings, respondents have positive perceptions for vegetable production, and the majority of them intend to engage in vegetable production in the future. The main challenge of vegetable production activities were limited access to land, pests and diseases and water shortages. The results of the regression analysis show that land size, gender, age and shelter are the most significant factors that determine vegetable production.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study's findings suggest that there are opportunities for expanding existing production networks, such as home food gardens, and enhancing community food sovereignty by leveraging local knowledge of urban vegetable production.