Food Authority Research Articles

Milk Adulterants in Quetta: A Threat to Public Health

Milk a natural rich lacteal secretion that provides all essential nutrients required by body. This study was designed to detect milk adulterants alongwth various physiochemical factors in milk sold in Quetta market. A total of 120 raw milk samples were collected hygienically and subjected to milk adulteration Kit (UVAS Lahore). Results revealed that overall, 11.66 % samples revealed adulteration with any single chemical adulterant. Water and powdered milk were the major adulterants found almost in all samples. On towns basis Zarghoon town samples were more adulterated (18%) than Chiltan Town samples (5%). Other parameters such as, Electrical Conductivity, pH, Fat percentage, Total Solids and Solid Not Fat were observed below than normal values in most of the samples. Adulterants like Urea, Hydrogen Peroxide, Sorbitol, Boric acid, Quaternary Ammonium Compound, Carbonate, Soap and Alcohol were not detected in any sample. However, Sodium chloride (1.66 %), Formalin (3.33 %), Hypochlorite (2.5 %), Starch (2.5 %) and sugar (4.16 %) were detected.
 This study explores the potential health hazard due to adulterated milk sold in retail outlets in Quetta market. There is dire need of regular monitoring of milk and its products by concerned food authority. These findings will help to build a concrete strategy to curtail this problem and improve the life standards of people.

How safe are hemp-based food products? A review and risk assessment of analytical data from Germany

PurposeHemp-based food products and supplements have gained popularity within recent years in Europe. Apart from the non-psychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, these products may also contain Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which can be of concern for safety and regulatory compliance. In the European Union, the currently accepted limit for THC in hemp is 0.3%. As many hemp-based products have been withdrawn from the German market within recent months/years, this study aims to investigate the current safety limit and potential concerns based on available analytical data.Design/methodology/approachTherefore, a publicly accessible, analytical data set from the German food authority was analysed and complemented by literature data and expert opinions regarding THC in food products. Furthermore, critical exposures have been calculated based on different product types and limits.FindingsA safety-based limit of 11.9 µg/kg/day is proposed. Importantly, the authors’ examination of hemp seed oils, one of the most common food products, showed that 4 of the 102 samples were identified as having a low-to-moderate risk for inducing impairment – confirming the general need for regulation. For hemp leaf tea and common supplements, calculated exposures to THC were not considered critical. This has been also reflected by the absence of intoxication reports in the scientific literature.Originality/valueWhilst for most hemp-derived foods safety concerns for the general public are considered low, this may not be the case for some products, suggesting the general need for regulatory compliance. Nevertheless, a more realistic safety limit should be applied.

RWD31 Comparison of Remdesivir As Monotherapy or in Combination with Steroids in Treating COVID-19 Patients

On October 22, 2020, the antiviral drug Remdesivir was approved by the United States Food and Drugs Authority (US FDA) for use in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. It was observed that Remdesivir and steroids have been used in treating moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. But there is very little evidence to justify which out of the two is a more rational approach towards treating patients infected with COVID-19 Disease.

Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas Dan Leverage Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Industri Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di BEI

This study plans to conclude whether liquidity generally affects industrial points in the Food and Beverage Industry Sub-Area at the Gathering Association written on the IDX. The impact mostly affects organizational points in the Food and Beverage Industry Affiliated Sub-Area listed on the BEI. Liquidity and its utilization after some time basically affect the association points in the Authority Relations of the Food and Beverage Industry Sub-Regional Authority listed on the BEI. The survey approach uses different quantitative tests. The number of examinations in the 2014-2020 investigation period was 11 affiliates. The consequence of this research shows that the liquidity hierarchy in a general sense affects most of the hierarchical qualities in Collector Relations in the Food and Beverage Industry Sub-Regions listed on the IDX.
 Keywords : Liquidity, Leverage and Firm Value

Attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of community pharmacists in Rwanda towards health promotion: a cross sectional study

BackgroundThe practice of Pharmacists has changed worldwide over the past years. Today, health promotion is better known as an important part of modern pharmacy practice. Involving Community Pharmacists in health promotion is thus considered a valuable option in addressing public health issues. However, the literature on this practice remains unsubstantiated in African countries. In Rwanda, Community Pharmacists are believed to be solely involved in dispensing and very little has been studied about their role in health promotion. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of Community Pharmacists in Rwanda towards their involvement in health promotion.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 licensed Community Pharmacists in Rwanda from 23rd January to 23rd June, 2021. A list of all respondents was obtained from Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority. All participants were randomly enrolled. Each community pharmacy was represented by one Pharmacist. We collected data from community pharmacy settings using a self-administered questionnaire made of close and open-ended questions. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.ResultsOf the 236 respondents, (n = 149, 63.1%) were male and (n = 87,37%) were female. The average age was 38.1 years (SD = 4.3). More than half confirmed that professional curriculum is adequate for offering health promotion services (n = 152, 64.4%).Majority responded that health promotion is part of their responsibility, and they are willing to provide health promotion services (n = 233,98.7%).The statement that “Pharmacists should not be involved in public health activities “was opposed by many (n=174,73.7%).The most sought-after service provided was education to drug misuse (n=211, 89.4%).Three major barriers to provision of health promotion were: lack of coordination with other healthcare professionals(n=106,69%),structure of healthcare system (n=157,67%),and lack of equipment (n=144,61%).Most Pharmacists disagreed with the statement that “patients are not interested in getting health promotion services”(n = 134,57%).ConclusionThough Community Pharmacists faced several challenges that hindered their participation in health promotion, they had positive attitudes towards promoting public health messages. There are several barriers like lack of structure to provide health promotion services that need to be addressed to boost more active participation of Pharmacists in health promotion.

Innovative promotional strategies and diversification of flavoured mass merchandise cigar products: a case study of Swedish match

In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA) granted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority over tobacco products, although initially this only included cigarettes,...

The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Motivation and Performance in Selected Public Sector Organizations

Effective Transformational leadership drives an organization’s members to achieve a common purpose. Leaders must influence followers to work to achieve a common vision. Leaders understand their values and the values of their followers. In other to guide and direct behavior. Motivation skills required by managers to impact positively on the performance of employees.
 This study assesses the impact of Transformational leadership on employee motivation and performance. The scope of the study is limited to selected public sector organizations; organizations as; Ghana Standard Authority (GSA), Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The sample consisted of employees of the above-mentioned organizations. A total of 69 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The study found that two of the variables of Transformational leadership that is, inspirational leadership and intellectual stimulation have a strong positive and significant impact on employee motivation whiles the other two variables which are charismatic leadership and individualized consideration have a negative impact on employee motivation. Simply put, fifty percent (50%) of Transformational leadership have a positive impact on employee motivation.
 The study also found that charismatic leadership is the best predictor of employee performance than employee motivation. For public sector organizations to obtain highest employee performance and motivation, managers should use inspirational, intellectual stimulation and charismatic leadership styles of transformational leadership.
 For an organization to gain the competitive edge in its respective industry, needs among other things transformational leaders who would use their charisma, inspirational abilities and intellectual stimulation to motive their followers to obtain employee highest performance for the enhancement of a high productivity to achieve the organizational goals.

Improved Analytical Method for Determination of Furan and Its Derivatives in Commercial Foods by HS-SPME Arrow Combined with Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Owing to the presence of significant levels of toxic furan compounds reported globally in commercial foods by various food authorities, the objectives of this study were to develop an analytical method for determination of furan and its 10 derivatives in commercial foods using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-Arrow coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furan and its 10 derivatives were separated within 10 min by employing an HP-5MS capillary column with d4-furan as the internal standard for quantitation. The most optimal sample weight and extraction time for various commercial food samples, respectively, ranged from 1 to 5 g and 10-15 min depending on the sample variety. For extraction, carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (CAR/PDMS) cellulose was used with the temperature at 30 °C, equilibration time of 15 min, and desorption time of 3 min. The limit of detection ranged from 0.001 to 1.071 ng/g, while the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.003 to 3.571 ng/g. A high precision and accuracy were obtained for this method. The total furan content in commercial foods ranged from nd to 40 725.85 ng/g, in which the mean contents were the highest for brewed coffee (35 082.26 ng/g) and canned coffee (25 152.22 ng/g), while the lowest were for potato chip and cookies (0.57-1.48 ng/g), donut (1.50 ng/g), milk (0.34-30.38 ng/g), and oat (6.56 ng/g).

Characterization and Molecular Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Raw Camel’s Milk in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Background: Camel’s milk has many benefits on human health, however, drinking fresh untreated camel’s milk may pose a serious health concern. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the bacteriological quality of raw camel’s milk by isolating, characterizing and identifying bacterial strains from the untreated milk in Al-Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Three raw milk samples were collected under aseptic conditions and bacterial counts were determined using the serial dilution plate method. Discrete colonies were picked based on morphological differences. Five representative bacterial strains were characterized by phenotypic analysis, biochemical tests using the API 20E system and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Result: The results showed that the total bacterial counts in camel’s milk reached 3 × 107 CFU mL-1, which exceeds the limit specified by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority. The isolates formed colonies that were rounded, entire, convex and elevated from the surface of the agar. The diameter of the colonies ranged from 1 to 4 mm after a 48-h incubation at 30°C on the M17 medium. The isolates were able to metabolize 12 (60%) to 15 (75%) out of 20 different compounds as growth substrates present in the API 20E test system. Additionally, BLAST analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of the five bacterial isolates revealed that they were closely related to various known bacterial genera (e.g., Bacillus, Kocuria and Pseudomonas), indicating the diverse composition of the microflora in raw camel’s milk. Unlike the other four bacterial isolates, a clear zone was noted around the growing one bacterial isolate, CMK1, highlighting a remarkable degradation of the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes, highlighting the potential existence virulence determinants. Good hygiene practices during milk production and handling are recommended to ensure high raw milk quality and avoid health risks. This study sheds light on the bacterial diversity of raw camel’s milk that has a direct impact on public health and the economy.

Public Perception and Awareness Regarding Calorie Information in Restaurant in Saudi Arabia

ObjectivesThe provision of calorie information on restaurant menus has been identified as a cost-effective strategy for preventing obesity and related chronic disease and recently the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) imposed calories labeling to become a requirement for all restaurants. This study was designed to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practices on food label use and to determine the factors that influence the use of food labels during making food purchasing decision in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study, using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, from participants living in RIYADH (n = 339 ≥ 18 years) during Fall 2020. Participants were recruited through social media and volunteered to complete a Food Label Use Questionnaire (FLUQ) which included demographic data, level of knowledge about food and nutrition, attitude and practices related to using food labels and factors affecting the use of food labelling. The questionnaire was translated from English into Arabic following guidelines for translating a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, spearman correlation was used to test for basic association between variables and using food label and independent samples t-test to examine gender differences.ResultsThe results show that 85% of the respondents think that food labeling is useful however, only 43% of the participants stated that they always or usually use the food label during food purchasing decision. About 25% of the participants indicated that time constraint was the main barrier for not using food labels, followed by difficult to use (24%). Taste was rated as being the most important factor for food choice by 33% of participants followed by nutrition value 27% and expiry date (17%). Preliminary data suggest that nutrition knowledge, age and education level are positively and significantly associated with using food label P < 0.05 and females exhibited greater knowledge and more frequent label use than male.ConclusionsThe use of nutrition labelling differ by population subgroups. The results of the present study highlight the need for nutrition awareness campaigns and education programs targeted towards promoting the use of nutrition label among male and younger adults.Funding SourcesKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC).

INITIATIVES OF FSSAI: SHIFT FROM FOOD REGULATOR TO FACILITATOR

India hosts second largest population in the world which is to be fed healthy and nutritious food here comes the role of governing bodies like FSSAI and State Food Authorities in formulating laws and policies about food safety. FSSAI is a apex authority for regulating policies and guidelines in India. There is shift in role of FSSAI from food regulator to facilitator.

Automated food safety early warning system in the dairy supply chain using machine learning

Traditionally, early warning systems for food safety are based on monitoring targeted food safety hazards. Optimal early warning systems, however, should identify signals that precede the development of a food safety risk. Moreover, such signals could be identified in factors from domains adjacent to the food supply chain, so-called drivers of change and other indicators. In this study, we show for the first time that such drivers and indicators may indeed represent signals that precede the detection of a food safety risk. The dairy supply chain in Europe was used as an application case. Using dynamic unsupervised anomaly detection models, anomalies were detected in indicator data expected by domain experts to impact the development of food safety risks in milk. Additionally, a Bayesian network was used to identify the chemical food safety hazards in milk associated with an anomaly for the Netherlands. The results showed that the frequency of anomalies varied per country and indicator. However, all countries showed in the period investigated (2008–2019), anomalies in the indicators “raw milk price” and “barely milk price” and no anomalies in the indicator” income of dairy farms”. A cross-correlation analysis of the number of Rapid Alert for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications and anomalies in indicators revealed significant correlations of many indicators but difference between countries was observed. Interesting, for all countries the cross corelation with indicator “milk price” was significant, albeit the lag time varied from 5 months (United Kingdom) to 22 months (Italy). This finding suggests that severe changes in domains adjacent to the food supply chain may trigger the development of food safety problems that become visible many months later. Awareness of such relationships will provide the opportunity for food producers or inspectors to take timely measures to prevent food safety problems. • Anomalies in prices, average mean temperature and precipitation may be used as early warning factors for food safety. • Anomalies in milk prices precedes food safety issues in milk. • Bayesian network was developed to identify the food safety hazards. • An early warning system for milk supply chain in Europe was developed. • Real-time anomaly detection system in supply chains for food authorities and inspectors.

The Assessment of Forensic Disguising Markers for Food Poisoning and their Control Measures. A Health Awareness Study

Aims and objectives: To uncover the disguising markers of food poising and their Control Measures to spread public awareness for betterment of human health through forensic applications. Materials and Methods: Study design: Present study was conducted from December 2021to June 2022 in Lahore. Sample size and collections: Various food samples were collected from 10 different restaurants. 5 different food products were collected from each restaurant for analysis of biological markers while non-biological markers were observed on the location at a data collection Performa. Chemical analysis: In case of food poising the forensic chemical analysis are based on biochemical and physiological tests such as bacterial Count in collected food samples through plate count method and spectrophotometric (turbid metric) analysis. Determined Parameters: In this study both biological parameters, such as bacterial Count and non-biological parameters like, hygiene, quality of water, utensils quality, cooking style and cooking environment were considered. Results presentations: Raw data of each parameter was represented bio-statistically with the applications of SPSS in which regressions of standard mean deviation and significant (P&lt;0.05) were considered comparatively. Results: It has seen that mostly all food samples taken from different restaurants have bacterial flora. These bacterial count may be so harmful for human life. It was concluded by considering non-biological parameters that the hygienic conditions, cooking place and way of cooking were not according to the standard health levels recommended by food authority. Especially quality of raw material and utensils were not standardized. All the results were significant as compared with the given standard levels of each parameter. A remarkable changes were noted in different parameters regarding food quality for further elaboration results are represented graphically in fig-1. Conclusion: Infectious organisms including bacteria, viruses and parasites or their toxins are the most common causes of food poisoning. Infectious organisms or their toxins can contaminate food at any point of processing or production. Contamination can also occur at home if food is incorrectly handled or cooked. Keywords: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Contamination, Food Poisoning.

From food safety to prevention of chronic diseases: The role of the Hellenic Food Authority

From food safety to prevention of chronic diseases: The role of the Hellenic Food Authority

A National Survey of Community Pharmacists' Viewpoints About Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Saudi Arabia.

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists regarding pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting system in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists from different regions in Saudi Arabia was performed through convenience sampling between November 2020 and January 2021. The responses were received from 1,172 community pharmacists. Most respondents (86.7%) were familiar with the National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Center, and 830 (70.8%) knew about the ADR reporting form. The majority (94%) of the respondents agreed with the importance of reporting ADRs for patient care and national health. Although 92.2% of the participants asked their patients about ADRs, 90.2% agreed that more training programs are required to be organized by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority for healthcare professionals on the ADR detection and reporting system. Analgesic agents were the most common drug category for which ADRs were reported (67.4%). The majority (92.1%) of ADRs reportedly occurred in patients with chronic diseases. The study concluded that most community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia are knowledgeable and have good attitudes and practices regarding pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting.

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee beans from the Saudi market and a possible exposure assessment

AbstractBackgroundSaudi Arabia is experiencing continuous growth and rising interest in the coffee industry. Coffee beans are known to be susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, especially to the toxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Previously data show that 94.4% of coffee beans from the Saudi market were contaminated with OTA. Since then, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has taken strong actions to limit the contamination of coffee with OTA. This work reports the investigation carried out to assess the current contamination status of coffee with OTA.ResultsThe OTA was found in 28 samples (13.5% detection rate) in green coffee beans with an average concentration of 7.3 μg/kg. In contrast, roasted coffee had only four positive samples (4.5% detection rate) with a mean value of 3.4 μg/kg. The average daily dose (ADD) of ingested OTA by the Saudi population was estimated in three different scenarios. In the worst‐case scenario, estimated ADD (around 0.373 ng/kg bw/day) was below the provisional tolerable daily intake.ConclusionOur analytical data and risk assessment calculations suggest that there is no health risk to the Saudi population from exposure to OTA in coffee. In addition, the results of this study show that SFDA's measures were effective in reducing coffee contamination with OTA.

Detection of Pork DNA on Commercially Processed Meat Products Using Taqman qPCR for Label Verification

Research has been conducted to detect pork DNA in various commercially processed meat products. This study aims to analyze the content of pork DNA in different commercially processed meat products sold online in Jakarta using a Taqman minor groove binder probe combined with a brief profile of a qPCR machine to verify labels. The sample used in this study consisted of 5 types of processed meat products: canned corned, jerky, shredded, meatballs, and smoked meat. A total of 30 samples had no pork labels, and the five others had pork labels. All products were extracted, the concentration and the purity of DNA were measured, and fragmentation DNA and amplification were analyzed using Taqman qPCR. The results showed that the DNA concentration obtained was 14.02 – 176.04 ng/μL, DNA purity was obtained from 1.70 to 1.92, and all genomic DNA was fragmented. There was no amplification in 30 samples without pork labels. Five samples of pork products underwent PCR amplification with a Ct value of 22.96, 20.72, 26.78, 21.96, and 23.16 for canned corned, jerky, shredded pork meatballs, and smoked pork, respectively. The conclusion is that commercially processed meat products sold online in Jakarta comply with labels regulation by Indonesia Food and Drug Authority and consistently maintain the halalness of their products. The novelties in this study tested various commercially processed meat products sold online in Jakarta.

Assessment of Fast and Junk Food Consumption and Addiction Among Saudi Population. National Descriptive Study 2020.

Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has undergone lifestyle changes that have resulted in unhealthy dietary patterns So this study aims to investigate the frequency, determinants, and the context of Fast Food (FF), and Junk Food (JF) consumption,, to study the effect of the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) food related policy, and to study the use of Ministry of Health (MOH) calorie guide among Saudi population all over KSA. Through a cross-sectional study recruited 355 randomly selected Saudis stratified to represent the 20 health regions in KSA through a self-administered and validated questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained for this work. Results; The majority had age distribution between 20-&lt; 40 y, and 218 (61.4%) were single. The prevalence of FF, and JF consumption was 308 (86.7 %).The most frequently consumed FF in descending order were (French fries, Shawarma, Burger, then Pizza) , while the most frequently consumed JF in descending order were (all kinds of cocoa, and cakes, then Ice cream), and more than half of participants did not drink carbonated soft drinks. Dinner was the main time of consuming FF (79.2%), and soft drinks (55.6%), while sweets were consumed mainly as snack (68.8%). The consumption of FF, and JF were significantly higher among young participants. The most common causes for consuming the above mentioned foods were entertainment 173 (48.5%), eating with friends 100 (28.1%) and due to better taste 92 (25.8%). The majority 48.7% of Saudi were unaware about the SFDA food related policy. Although the use of calorie labeling policy significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected the food choices, reduced the average weekly spending on Saudi Riyal, but not on weight loss. We concluded that FF, and JF consumption among Saudis is a prevalent, and complex problem, indicating a critical need for community-based interventions to change the attitudes and behaviors toward healthy eating.

A comparative analysis of meat inspection data as an information source of the health and welfare of broiler chickens based on Finnish data

The comprehensive, reliable, and comparable meat inspection (MI) data of broiler chickens (i.e. broilers) are essential for the monitoring and surveillance of broiler health and welfare at the national and European Union (EU) levels. We compared the condemnation causes issued to broiler carcasses during MI in four large Finnish broiler slaughterhouses (SHs) by investigating the similarities and differences between local MI instructions used in the SHs. The way in which MI condemnations were recorded in the Finnish Food Authority's (FFA's) MI statistics were also explored. We additionally analysed the FFA's official MI data from the 2015–2019 period. The study showed that the MI criteria used in the SHs differed from one another regarding how severe or extensive a broiler defect or disease must be to cause condemnation during MI. In Finland, the annual total condemnation prevalence of whole broilers varied between 2.6% and 4.8% in 2015–2019, and a significant difference was observed between the SHs' monthly total condemnation prevalences, except in two SH pairs. Mistakes in recording the FFA's MI statistics and differences in the SH operators' reasons to reject broilers from the food chain affect the comparability of the condemnation prevalences between the SHs. Only half of the SHs partially condemned broiler carcasses and collected data concerning these condemnations. Cellulitis (0.3–1.0%), ascites (0.3–0.4%), and body cavity disorders (0.2–0.3%) were the most common causes for condemning whole broiler carcasses in 2015–2019. The MI data can be used for monitoring and surveillance purposes only once the differences between the SH data and data reliability are known. Although the harmonization of all condemnation causes is impossible, harmonizing the condemnations of carcasses with diseases that most threaten broiler health and welfare and cause the largest economic losses would be important.

Assessment of Microbial Content in some Selected Cooked Foods Sold in UCC Science Market and Amamoma Community and their Negative Health Effect on Humans

Globally, the estimated amount of food found to be contaminated from street vendors particularly in developing countries is on the ascendancy. This study sought to assess the microbial content of some selected cooked food sold in UCC science market and Amamoma community and their negative health effects on humans. A mixed-method approach was adopted. Thus, both qualitative and laboratory work to achieve an in-depth insight into consumer perceptions and vendors’ knowledge of the safety of cooked food. The study recruited 7 food vendors and 100 students using purposive sampling method. A structured questionnaire was administered and an observational checklist was used to gather data on the environmental and personal hygiene status of food vendors and also student perception on food related diseases. Data collected were entered into an SPSS version 26.0 software, edited and subsequently used for multivariate analysis. The study revealed that cooked foods sold by vendors in the UCC science market and Amamoma community were unwholesome for human consumption and could be deleterious to the health of consumers. There were statically significant association between contamination of street foods and poor personal hygiene, un-knowledgeable to food borne diseases, improper food handling and illiteracy causing harm to consumers. It is recommended that the Food and Drugs Authority should enforce strict compliance to food quality standards at all food vending establishments in the named cooked food joints.