Folding Technique Research Articles

The Utility of Folding Technique in Duraplasty

The Utility of Folding Technique in Duraplasty

From theory to practice: Truchet tile as a computational visual coding approach for facade visualization

The study presents unique teaching approach for generating a parametric modular facade fabrication for first-year students in visual design module using a computational visual coding method based on Truchet Tiles. The method followed four main phases: exploring tiling, testing connectivity, fabrication, and assembly. Shape grammar was considered during the design principles implementation to respond to climatic behavior. Space-filling shapes method known as the “Generalized Abeille Tiles” was followed to ensure tiling connectivity. The experimentation involves manual folding techniques without any software. A survey was conducted among first-year and fourth-year students post-introduction to computational software. The results showed a wide range of alternative geometries with different self-shading patterns generated. It highlighted that facade fabrication aided students in comprehending computational logic, easing the understanding of computational software complexity. This pilot study emphasizes the effectiveness of teaching computational concepts in early curricula.

Detection of a cyclotron line in the Be X-ray pulsar IGR J06074+2205

Context. IGR J0607.4+2205 is a transient Be X-ray binary discovered two decades ago. IGR J0607.4+2205 underwent an outburst in 2023 during which it was observed twice with NuSTAR. Aims. The main goal of this work is to model the broadband X-ray spectrum of IGR J0607.4+2205 during the outburst and to study the variations of the spectral and timing features at different intensities. Methods. We extracted the light curve and spectrum of the source from the two NuSTAR observations carried out during the recent outburst in the energy range of 3−78 keV. We used the epoch folding technique to find pulsation from the source and to study the changes in emission characteristics from the source with energy across an order of magnitude variation in source luminosity. Results. IGR J0607.4+2205 shows pulsations with a period of ∼347.6 s during both the observations, with a pulse fraction of ≥50%. The broadband spectrum of the source was modelled using a power-law continuum with a high-energy cutoff. During the first observation, a cyclotron absorption line at ∼51 keV was also present in the source with an optical depth of ∼1.3. However, no cyclotron line feature was detected in the second observation when the source was an order of magnitude fainter. Additionally, soft excess was detected in the second observation, which was modelled with a black body component emerging from close to the neutron star (NS). Conclusions. We report the first ever detection of a cyclotron line in the broadband spectrum of IGR J0607.4+2205 centred at 51 ± 1 keV. The magnetic field strength of the NS is estimated to be ∼4 × 1012 G from the centroid energy of the absorption line. A significant change is observed in the pulse profile with luminosity during the decay of the outburst, indicating an associated change in the beaming pattern.

Numerical modelling of different airbag folding patterns and their influence on occupant responses in frontal vehicle impact

This paper presented a procedure for airbag folding for the application in occupant safety studies and analysed the influence of different airbag folding patterns on the occupant severity in frontal impact. Airbags were folded in two patterns: zig-zag and top-roll, using two folding techniques: Initial Metric Method and Explicit Folding. The explicit folding was found to be more expensive in terms of preparation time. However, this approach provided more control over the whole folding process. The Initial Metric Method was more robust, however, it’s hard to apply for complex folding patterns. Deployments of airbags were validated against experimental data of pendulum tests. Those airbag models were applied to 2006 Ford F250 pickup truck. This vehicle was used for simulations of frontal vehicle impact where the 50th male Hybrid III crash test dummy was an occupant. Results of this simulation were compared with an actual test with a similar vehicle, under the same impact conditions. Results showed the head and chest accelerations were lower for top-roll folded airbag cases, however neck normal forces were higher compared to zig-zag folded airbag. The internal pressure in the early stage of deployment was 33% higher for the top-roll folded airbags.

Percutaneous Removal of Migrated Gastrointestinal Stents Using Gastrostomy Access

This report describes the experience of removing migrated gastrointestinal (GI) stents using a gastrostomy (G) access. Four male patients aged 23–62 years (mean, 42 years) had 6 migrated stents removed using an existing (n = 3) or new (n = 1) G access. Removed stents included 5 covered esophageal stents that migrated into the stomach and 1 distal noncovered duodenal stent that migrated into the proximal duodenum. One patient had 2 stents removed during the same session. All stents were removed successfully without adverse events. Techniques used included the folding technique using a wire in 3 stents and forceps in 2 stents. Eversion technique was used in the duodenal stent. The G or gastrojejunostomy tubes were replaced after stent removal and used for enteral feedings. In conclusion, removing migrated GI stents using an existing or new G access was technically successful and safe.

PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN DAN PENGETAHUAN HANDUK LEMBAB (OSHIBORI)

Moist towel (osihibori) skills and knowledge training aims to increase knowledge and skills in making and managing it. Oshibori is wet towel used to clean hands in hotels, restaurants and other public places. This training was carried out with the aim of improving service quality and guest satisfaction. Skills and knowledge training consists of understanding, folding techniques and presentation techniques. Training is carried out using lecture, demonstration and direct practice methods. The results show that participants can improve their knowledge and skills in managing oshibori well.

Ultra-thin amphiphilic hydrogel electrolyte for flexible zinc-ion paper batteries

The paper-like ZIBs can be folded and unfolded using the Miura folding technique, enhancing the areal energy density by a factor of 18.

Cross-domain growth and angle-dependent interlayer coupling of twisted bilayer MoS2

Twisted 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) play a significant role in the development of twistronics. However, it is still challenging to prepare high-quality twisted TMDCs by current stacking or folding techniques. Herein, we propose a cross-domain chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize twisted bilayer MoS2 through precisely controlling the supply of molybdenum precursor. It is found that the top layer of a bilayer MoS2 grain maintains its original orientation even when it crosses over to neighboring monolayer MoS2 grain. This suggests that the van der Waals epitaxy can be prevented with the assistance of covalent bonds. Furthermore, the interlayer coupling strength reaches a maximum value at the twisted angle (θ) of 0° or 60° and a minimum at θ = 30°. Moreover, the evolution of in-plane shear mode and out-of-plane breathing mode obtained from low-frequency Raman spectroscopy reveals atomic reconstructions of the moiré pattern. Meanwhile, the shift of the indirect bandgap exhibits an angle dependence consistent with the interlayer coupling strength, which likely comes from the mixing of pz orbitals. The change in A−/A intensity ratio is not mainly originated from the trion binding energy, but the excess electron concentration. Our results offer a feasible approach to prepare high-quality twisted TMDCs and provide a good platform for studying twistronics and related phenomena.

Approximating complex 3D curves using origami spring structures

Origami provides a versatile platform for creating intricate three-dimensional (3D) reconfigurable structures through folding techniques. However, the applications of origami patterns are restricted due to limited deformation modes and complex actuation. Here we explore origami spring structures as a solution to address these limitations by approximating complex 3D curves with an underactuated scheme. By doing so, we showcase the reconfigurability and versatility of origami springs while tackling control complexity. Through the introduction of virtual creases, we simplify non-rigid deformations and enable accurate descriptions of their 3D configurations. Furthermore, we develop inverse kinematics optimization algorithms to determine optimal configurations closely approximating given 3D curves with full actuation and underactuated situations. Experimental realization of various 3D curves demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach. This research could find practical utility in soft robotics, flexible mechanisms, and deployable structures.

Compact folded‐shorted patch array offering dual‐band operation and dual‐circularly polarized radiation for picosatellites and other small satellites

AbstractThe development of a dual‐band folded shorted patch (FSP) antenna array is presented which offers dual‐circularly polarized radiation. Applications include small satellites like CubeSats and picosatellites. The proposed 2 × 2 FSP array design operates at 1.1 and 2.4 GHz and offers good radiation performance in terms of minimal reflection coefficient losses, broad beamwidths (which is generally required for low gain antenna structures ensuring link connectivity), as well as low cross‐polarization levels. The antenna array consists of a meandered layer defining the top of the FSPs. The shorting and folding technique as well as the noted meandering allows further size reduction of the quarter‐wavelength patch. In particular, the proposed antenna array is compact with a total size of 50 mm by 50 mm (or 0.18λ by 0.18λ at the lower operational frequency). An eight‐port coaxial and microstrip feed system is integrated onto the backside of the antenna ground plane, two ports for each element, and with external phase feeding of 90°, dual‐circularly polarized is made possible for the compact antenna unit. To the best knowledge of the authors, no similar antenna structure has been designed, manufactured and tested being useful for picosatellites and other small satellites.

Design and Development of Morphological Analyzer for Tigrigna Verbs using Hybrid Approach

Morphological analyzer is the base for various high-level NLP applications such as information retrieval, spell checking, grammar checking, machine translation, speech recognition, POS tagging and automatic sentence construction. This paper is carefully designed for design and analysis of morphological analyzer Tigrigna verbs using hybrid of memory learning and rules based approaches. The experiment have conducted using Python 3 where TiMBL algorithms IB2 and TRIBL2, and Finite State Transducer rules are used. The performance of the system has been evaluated using 10 fold cross validation technique. Testing was conducted using optimized parameter settings for regular verbs and linguistic rules of the Tigrigna language allomorph and phonology for the irregular verbs. The accuracy of the memory based approach with optimized parameters of TiMBL algorithm IB2 and TRIBL2 was 93.24% and 92.31%, respectively. Finally, the hybrid approach had an actual performance of 95.6% using linguistic rules for handling irregular and copula verbs.

The teaching of geometry in mathematics and sciences applying symmetry with folding techniques

This work offers students the use of geometry in a simpler and more practical way, providing the teaching of Symmetry and based on this assumption, the use of folding techniques, combining this work with the practical and logical field of use of concepts, providing students with a effective understanding of the geometric proposal used, in addition to putting the student in front of numerous questions required in the ENEM test, which are often seen in this exam. This activity was applied to a seventh grade class of elementary school II in a Federal Public School in the metropolitan region of Belém, showing its effectiveness and harmonization with the content of Plane Geometry, corroborating for a better teaching with an effective learning of the contents of the proposed teaching.

“Mamuli” Pattern in East Sumba Woven Fabric as Inspiration For “Kandunnu” Standing Lamp Using the IMOE Method

Inspiration is a crucial factor in the conception and development of innovative design products. In the contemporary creative world, an innovative product transcends mere aesthetic factors, encompassing intrinsic values. This study investigates a framework for transforming Mamuli pattern, found in East Sumba woven fabric, into a contemporary and innovative product, in the form of a standing lamp. This effort aimed to guide designers and design students in the precise and effective transformation of local culture. Innovation was done through materialization, observation and experimentation (IMOE). They were applied to cultural artifacts, structured across four levels, namely the inner, middle, outer, and experimental. The experimental element assumed a central role in the methodology. The inner level encompassed the meanings and symbols of the cultural artifact (Mamuli pattern), while the middle level involved its creative process. The outer level represented the physical appearance, including materials, colors, and ornaments. The experimental element involved the creative process of transforming the cultural artifact into a contemporary form. The experiment targeted designers and design students, facilitating the creation of contemporary products through a culturally-sensitive transformation, fostering innovations. Developed through an ethno-mathematical theory and experimental folding techniques, it generated experimental innovative product designs. It transformed Mamuli pattern from East Sumba woven fabric into Kandunnu standing lamp, drawing inspiration from both the outer and inner levels.

MEMELIHARA KEARIFAN LOKAL MELALUI WASTRA NUSANTARA

Batik is a pictorial Indonesian cloth which is made specifically by writing the night on the cloth, then the processing is processed in a certain way which has a uniqueness as a whole technique, technology, as well as the development of related motifs and culture, has been designated by UNESCO as a Humanitarian Heritage for Oral and Cultural Heritage. Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity). Batik from time to time continues to develop with various techniques. Wastra Nusantara is the development of batik which is better known as shibori. High creativity will determine the results of the shibori produced. Shibori himself can use folding, turning, sliding or other techniques according to the creativity or desire of the maker, so that the archipelago can produce abstract motifs, boxes, lines and others. Students as the younger generation are a very inspiring and imaginative field for works of art, so that with this Community Service Activity (PKM) it is hoped that existing local wisdom can be well preserved and will not become extinct

Scar folding for the treatment of nostril stenosis after open rhinoplasty: a case report

A 25-year-old woman was referred for discomfort when breathing through her left nose. The patient had undergone augmentation rhinoplasty 5 years ago, after which hypertrophic scarring occurred in the left nostril. Several corticosteroid injections were administered as the first line of treatment, but with no symptom improvement. Therefore, we proceeded with surgical scar removal, with the use of a nasal conformer. However, scarring in the left nostril recurred. Accordingly, we proceeded with further surgical treatment using the scar folding technique. After scar folding, neither scarring nor nostril stenosis recurred during 1 year of postoperative follow-up. To summarize, herein, we report a case of hypertrophic scarring in the nostril that was successfully treated with the scar folding technique.

Analysis of Origami Applications within the Scope of Kinetic Architecture

In the past three or four decades, scientists working in computer science, physics and mathematics have had significant research studies on origami. Currently, most of the articles and books that can be reached by designers or architects describe and deal with the subject through mathematical expressions. It does not seem possible for a reader who is not related to mathematics to understand what is explained in articles and books. Therefore, folding systems have been basically classified to make the subject more understandable for designers. Examples of kinetic architectural products that act with origami principles were evaluated through folding and building hierarchy concepts. The matrix has been generated to visualize the distribution of the characteristics and to display architectural tendencies. By the visualization of data, it becomes possible to examine the potential outputs of desired folding technique on the existing projects. Thus, the matrix guides designers to select a folding technique that meets the function. It can be mentioned that the proposed method can be attributed as a novel perspective for predesign phase of origami-based elements. Thanks to the matrix, the areas that have not been studied in architectural applications such as flexible foldings are demonstrated. Also, the relationship between building concept levels and movement motivations such as configuration and compactness has been revealed by the study. The findings and the matrix demonstrate that there are still many possibilities that can be studied.

Strongly aperiodic SFTs on generalized Baumslag–Solitar groups

AbstractWe look at constructions of aperiodic subshifts of finite type (SFTs) on fundamental groups of graph of groups. In particular, we prove that all generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups (GBS) admit a strongly aperiodic SFT. Our proof is based on a structural theorem by Whyte and on two constructions of strongly aperiodic SFTs on $\mathbb {F}_n\times \mathbb {Z}$ and $BS(m,n)$ of our own. Our two constructions rely on a path-folding technique that lifts an SFT on $\mathbb {Z}^2$ inside an SFT on $\mathbb {F}_n\times \mathbb {Z}$ or an SFT on the hyperbolic plane inside an SFT on $BS(m,n)$ . In the case of $\mathbb {F}_n\times \mathbb {Z}$ , the path folding technique also preserves minimality, so that we get minimal strongly aperiodic SFTs on unimodular GBS groups.

An Accordion-Folding Series-Fed Patch Array With Finite Thickness: A folding technique for CubeSat arrays

Combining antenna arrays with physical reconfigurability (i.e., origami) allows for additional degrees of freedom in operation and enables larger structures to be folded into smaller volumes. The packaging ability of origami antennas is of great interest for CubeSat applications in particular. However, traditional origami is based on the manipulation of thin sheets, making physical reconfigurability with thick substrates very difficult. In this article, we present a foldable series-fed patch array designed on a strictly rigid printed circuit board (PCB). Notably, the array does not require any external mechanical folding appendages (i.e., brackets, tapes, or offsets), and it can be manufactured using commercially available PCBs and equipment. The PCB itself is strategically cut to form lamina emergent torsion (LET) joints. When fully deployed, the array operates at 5.7 GHz. A significant shift is not seen in the operational frequency until the folding exceeds 60° (5.7–5.61 GHz). This shows that the array, even in a state of near extreme faulty deployment, will operate as intended. An 8 × 6 prototype array was fabricated using a Rogers DiClad 880. When fully deployed, the array is extended in a surface area of 280 × 198 × 1.524 mm and can be folded into a 35.5 × 198 × 12.5-mm compartment. The array held its integrity well after 100 cycles. (One cycle starts at a state of full deployment, moves to a state of being fully packaged, and goes back to a state of full deployment.) Measurements show that the active reflection coefficients are in good agreement with the finite array simulations. The measured realized gains at 5.7 GHz for 0° and 30° folds were 22.4 and 21.4 dBi, respectively. At the 60° fold, a realized gain of 20.6 dBi was achieved at the frequency of 5.61 GHz.

The Performance Evaluation of The Random Forest Algorithm for A Gene Selection in Identifying Genes Associated with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer in Microarray Dataset: A Retrospective Study.

In microarray datasets, hundreds and thousands of genes are measured in a small number of samples, and sometimes due to problems that occur during the experiment, the expression value of some genes is recorded as missing. It is a difficult task to determine the genes that cause disease or cancer from a large number of genes. This study aimed to find effective genes in pancreatic cancer (PC). First, the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) imputation method was used to solve the problem of missing values (MVs) of gene expression. Then, the random forest algorithm was used to identify the genes associated with PC. In this retrospective study, 24 samples from the GSE14245 dataset were examined. Twelve samples were from patients with PC, and 12 samples were from healthy control. After preprocessing and applying the fold-change technique, 29482 genes were used. We used the KNN imputation method to impute when a particular gene had MVs. Then, the genes most strongly associated with PC were selected using the random forest algorithm. We classified the dataset using support vector machine (SVM) and naïve bayes (NB) classifiers, and F-score and Jaccard indices were reported. Out of the 29482 genes, 1185 genes with fold-changes greater than 3 were selected. After selecting the most associated genes, 21 genes with the most important value were identified. S100P and GPX3 had the highest and lowest importance values, respectively. The F-score and Jaccard value of the SVM and NB classifiers were 95.5, 93, 92, and 92 percent, respectively. This study is based on the application of the fold change technique, imputation method, and random forest algorithm and could find the most associated genes that were not identified in many studies. We therefore suggest researchers use the random forest algorithm to detect the related genes within the disease of interest.

The Exothermic Effects of Textile Fibers during Changes in Environmental Humidity: A Comparison between ISO:16533 and Dynamic Hot Plate Test Method

The exothermic effects of high regain fiber types have been described before; yet, there have not been reliable tests to demonstrate these effects on the human body. Most test methods focus on steady-state measurements; therefore, these exothermic effects during changes in environmental humidity are typically not analyzed or quantified. We have conducted a set of fabric tests that shows the connection between the exothermic effect of water vapor uptake and its consequence for heat loss through the fabric in transient conditions. We have performed the ISO:16533 standard test, a dynamic hot plate test developed by Naylor to measure the exothermic property of the fabric, and dynamic regain tests to connect the dots between these tests and the water vapor uptake phenomenon. Although the ISO:16533 test method tends to show the temperature increase in fibers, it cannot differentiate between the hygroscopic fiber (wool, viscose, cotton) types (p > 0.001). In addition, sensor size and sample folding techniques could impact the temperature increase. On the other hand, the Naylor hot plate test showed a greater difference in heat release among the fiber types (wool showed 20% higher heat release than viscose, 50% more than cotton), although the relative humidity changes in the chamber take time, which might not reflect a step-wise change in humidity. So far, these test methods have proven to be the most reliable for determining the exothermic behavior of textile fiber. However, these test methods still have limitations and cannot simulate realistic environmental conditions considering an instantaneous change in the environment. This paper reflects the comparison between the two test methods and recommends directions to accurately address the theory of water vapor uptake under dynamic conditions.