Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia Research Articles

Epidemiological characterization of oral focal epithelial hyperplasia in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans).

Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an uncommon infection affecting humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and howler monkeys. This study describes 10 cases of free-ranging brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) diagnosed with FEH and Alouatta guariba Papillomavirus 1 (AgPV 1). We analyzed demographic characteristics, rescue conditions, clinical and pathological findings, and species-specific behavior factors in these cases. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence and potential contributing factors of FEH and AgPV 1 infection. The frequency of FEH was 8.13%. Most affected howlers were adult or geriatric males with comorbidities or stressful conditions. Clinical and pathological observations were consistent with AgPV 1 infection. Species-specific behaviors and environmental stressors were identified as contributing factors. FEH associated with AgPV 1 affected mainly adult or geriatric males with ongoing comorbidities or stressful conditions. Further research is needed to understand these factors for effective management.

Focal epithelial Hyperplasia: Retrospective analysis of 34 cases seen and, managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital Sokoto.

Focal epithelial Hyperplasia: Retrospective analysis of 34 cases seen and, managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital Sokoto.

The Impact of Two Types of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccines on Broiler Chicken Respiratory System.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccinating 1-day-old broilerchicks with two commercial vaccines such as live chronic respiratorydisease F strain (CRDF) and killed Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)vaccines on the respiratory system. For this purpose, one-day-old broilerchicks (n=120) were randomly divided into four groups; (n=30 birdseach). All groups were treated as followed: G1(CRDF): chicks werevaccinated with live CRDF vaccine (eye drop one drop 0.03ml/dose/10 5 ),G2 (killed MG): chicks were vaccinated with killed MG vaccine injectionwith 0.3ml s.c /3 x10 10 C.F.U/ml), G3: chicks were combined vaccinatedwith killed MG and CRDF live vaccines G4: served as controlunvaccinated group. The vaccination was performed at one day old in G1(CRDF), G2(killed MG), and G3 (killed MG and live CRDF). Thehistopathological changes of the trachea and air sacs were examined andevaluated at 35 days old. The results of histopathological examination ofair sacs in the G1(CRDF) revealed various mild epithelial hyperplasiawith papillary-like growth, subepithelial lymphocytic infiltration, in G2
 (killed MG), showed hyperplastic epithelial surfaces with moderatelymphocytic infiltration mainly around congestion capillaries. While G3(killed MG and CRDF) showed focal epithelial hyperplasia (villus-like),and perivascular lymphocytic aggregation in laminar C.T. Whereas G4(control) showed normal structures without any histopathological lesions.In the trachea the histopathological changes in G1(CRDF) showed focallymphocytic aggregation with a follicle-like appearance, another sectionshowed focal epithelial and cilia loss with goblet cell hypertrophy of theadjacent gland. G2 (killed MG) showed partial loss of thin mucosa withmild and desquamation lymphocytic infiltration in lamina propria,G3(killed MG and CRDF) showed diffuse mononuclear cells (MNCs)infiltration in tracheal mucous and submucosa with evidence of cysticdilution of adjacent gland together G4 control tracheal tissue showednormal structure without any lesions. Finally, it was determined thatvaccination with killed MG and live CRDF vaccines caused a moreobvious immune reaction (lymphoproliferative infiltration) in therespiratory system, including the trachea and air sac than the vaccinationwith combined killed and live vaccines, while the live Mycoplasmavaccines individually caused minor damage, particularly in the trachea.

A RARE CLINICAL SYPHILIS ORAL MANIFESTATION DUE TO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE AMONG HOMOSEXUAL: CASE REPORT

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, often found in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients and homosexuals. The oral manifestations are chancres, mucous patches, focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) and papilloma/condyloma. FEH is a rare oral mucosa disorder that occurs in immunocompromised patient. Objective: To present a rare oral manifestation in syphilis patient due to sexually transmitted infections. Case: A 25-year-old homosexual male came to Oral Medicine Department complaining of sores on the palate for 3 weeks and 2 weeks later a painless lump appeared. He was an HIV patient and had been taking ARVs since 6 months ago. Pain when opening the mouth, itching on his face and genital area. Intraoral revealed a soft, pedunculated, non-bleeding, mobile mass at the palate with a diameter about 2 cm, had the same color as the surrounding tissue. There was a reddish band-like area on the maxillary anterior gingival margin, suspected as Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE). Case management: 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash was administered to prevent secondary infection and he was referred to Dermatovenereology and Periodontology Department. HBsAg Immunochromatography (negative), VDRL titer (reactive), TPHA titer (reactive) therefore diagnosis of syphilis was made and he was treated with a single dose Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units intramuscular. The oral lesions healed after 1 month therapy. Conclusion: FEH is a rare oral mucosa disorder in syphilis patients. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the disease is needed to make a diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to achieve successful treatment. Keywords: Oral manifestation, Sexual transmission, Syphilis, Treponemal infection

Non-Thermal Effect Of The Brand And Generic Mobile Phones Radiofrequency Radiation On The Antioxidant And Histomorphology Of The Epididymis After Prolonged Whole-Body Radiation on Sprague Dawley Rat

Mobile phone usage has increased greatly over time, and there is also the proliferation of models by different manufacturers, some of which are known to produce popular brands while other manufacturers of unknown brands have been identified. So many health conditions have been associated with the radiation emitted from mobile phones and other communication gadgets. Such condition as glioma, schwannoma, and some degenerative tissue conditions has been reported by different researchers both on short and prolonged exposure. The IARC report on radiofrequency radiation as a human “possible carcinogen, group 2B” has also prompted much research on the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on humans. The mobile phone placement in the pocket, which is close to the male reproductive organ, and the possible radiation emission levels from different models by manufacturers prompted this study. The goal is to investigate the histological alterations, spermatic epididymal contents, and changes in oxidative stress indicators that may occur following prolonged exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. Forty (40) male Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study. They were grouped into eight groups equally, two (2) control groups and six (6) groups that were exposed to six different mobile phone models. The 8 hours of daily exposure for 6 months was done with phones in active mode. The finding showed a significant reduction of the mature sperms in the lumen of the epididymis. There was focal epithelial hyperplasia in two groups exposed to branded models. No degenerative epithelium was observed in the epididymis. There was also a significant reduction in the motility and sperm count of the exposed groups. The Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly depleted across the exposed groups. There are isolated changes that result from individual phone models, but changes cannot be dichotomized into changes that result from branded or generic phones.

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS - ORAL INFECTION –A REVIEW

Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection and persistent HPV is associated with high risk of cervical cancer, genital warts and also oral mucosa. The benign clinical manifestation of HPV infection are oral papilloma / condyloma and focal epithelial hyperplasia. The association between Human papilloma virus [HPV] types and oral lesions have been shown in many studies. The purpose of the study is to highlight the persistent infection of HPV ( which tend to become malignant), transmission of HPV, oral signs and symptoms of infection and their treatment.

Mechanical removal of epithelial hyperplasia leads to successful treatment of irregular astigmatism

BackgroundCorneal epithelium remodeling in response to changes in the anterior corneal surface (keratoconus, corneal refractive surgery) is well-documented in the literature. However, several conditions may induce a different behavior of the epithelium, in which focal areas of epithelial thickening induce irregular astigmatism. This case report presents a highly unusual case of irregular astigmatism induced by an epithelial hyperplasia of unknown etiology, which was treated by the mechanical removal of only the epithelium.Case presentationA 29-year-old woman underwent implantable collamer lens implantation to correct myopia. The patient provided written informed consent. The procedure was uneventful in both eyes. Twenty months later, she complained of decreased visual acuity in the left eye (uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) was 20/30; corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 with + 1.00 -2.25 × 170). Corneal topography revealed a nasal steepening in the left eye. Although the corneal thickness map was normal, epithelial thickness mapping revealed a localized nasal area of epithelial hyperplasia in the left eye that matched the area of steepest curvature. Slit lamp examination showed a total clear cornea with no signs of abnormality. The patient´s medical history was unremarkable and a case of epithelial hyperplasia of unknown etiology, without active inflammation, was considered. The decision was made to perform a mechanical removal of the corneal epithelium after application of diluted alcohol. One month after the procedure, the topography of the epithelized cornea showed a regular bow tie pattern and UCDVA improved to 20/20. No recurrence of the epithelial hyperplasia was detected after twenty-one months.ConclusionsFocal epithelial hyperplasia may induce irregular astigmatism. Epithelial thickness mapping is a very helpful technological tool to assess cases with irregular topography. De-epithelization as an isolated procedure may be useful for the successful management of these cases. Further research is required to understand the mechanism that triggers the spontaneous development of a focal epithelial hyperplasia.

Toxicity and human health assessment of an alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) synthetic kerosene developed under an international agreement with Sweden

ABSTRACT Alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (SKA) fuels are produced by dehydration and refining of alcohol feed stocks. ATJ SKA fuel known as SB-8 was developed by Swedish Biofuels as a cooperative agreement between Sweden and AFRL/RQTF. SB-8 including standard additives was tested in a 90-day toxicity study with male and female Fischer 344 rats exposed to 0, 200, 700, or 2000 mg/m3 fuel in an aerosol/vapor mixture for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week. Aerosols represented 0.04 and 0.84% average fuel concentration in 700 or 2000 mg/m3 exposure groups. Examination of vaginal cytology and sperm parameters found no marked changes in reproductive health. Neurobehavioral effects were increased rearing activity (motor activity) and significantly decreased grooming (functional observational battery) in 2000 mg/m3 female rats. Hematological changes were limited to elevated platelet counts in 2000 mg/m3 exposed males. Minimal focal alveolar epithelial hyperplasia with increased number of alveolar macrophages was noted in some 2000 mg/m3 males and one female rat. Additional rats tested for genotoxicity by micronucleus (MN) formation did not detect bone marrow cell toxicity or alterations in number of MN; SB-8 was not clastogenic. Inhalation results were similar to effects reported for JP-8. Both JP-8 and SB fuels were moderately irritating under occlusive wrapped conditions but slightly irritating under semi-occlusion. Exposure to SB-8, alone or as 50:50 blend with petroleum-derived JP-8, is not likely to enhance adverse human health risks in the military workplace.

Oral Human Papillomavirus Benign Lesions and HPV-Related Cancer in Healthy Children: A Systematic Review.

The present systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of oral HPV-related lesions, categorized as benign (verruca vulgaris "VV", squamous cell papilloma "SP", condyloma acuminata "CA", and focal epithelial hyperplasia "FEH") and malignant (oral squamous cell carcinoma "OSCC"), in descending order of occurrence in pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the frequency and types of oral lesions described in relation to HPV genotypes and the HPV vaccine type (if any). The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022352268). Data from 60 studies, of which quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, were independently extracted and synthesized. Along with seven poorly described benign HPV-related oral lesions that could not be categorized, a total of 146 HPV-related oral lesions, namely 47.26% (n = 69) VV, SP, and CA, 51.37% (n = 75) FEH, and 1.37% (n = 2) OSSC, were diagnosed in 153 pediatric subjects (M:F ratio = 1:1.4) with a mean age of lesion onset of 8.46 years. The viral genotypes detected were HPV-13 (30.61%), -6 (20.41%), -11 (16.33%), HPV-2 (12.24%), -32 (10.20%), -57 (6.12%), and -16 (4.08%). No HPV vaccination was reported in any case. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-related benign and malignant lesions and the potential role of HPV and associated vaccination in oral carcinogenesis in pediatric subjects.

Pathology of short-term dorsal fin tag-attachments in tagged and re-stranded short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis on Cape Cod, MA

Odontocetes are difficult to study in the wild, making tagging and remote tracking a valuable practice. However, evaluations of host responses at tagging sites have been primarily limited to visual observations in the field. Here we explore the macro- and microscopic pathology of dorsal fin tag attachments in 13 stranded and released short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis from Cape Cod, MA that later re-stranded and died or were euthanized 1-28 d post-tagging. Tags were attached to stranded dolphins’ dorsal fins using 2 methods: core biopsy or piercing. Grossly, the piercing method resulted in epidermal compression into the dermis. One tag site had a necrotic border 28 d after application. Grossly, the biopsy method resulted in minimal to no tissue reaction. Two tag sites had granulation tissue accumulation 4 and 12 d after tagging. Histopathologic findings for all tag types and animals consisted of focal epithelial loss, dermal edema, perivascular edema, inflammation and hyperplasia, and inter- and extracellular edema in the adjacent epidermis. Minor expected pathological changes given the procedure were also observed: superficial epidermal necrosis in 3 cases, and superficial bacterial colonization in 2 cases. There was no evidence of sepsis and tagging was not related to cause of re-stranding or death in any case. These gross and histopathologic findings support previous observational conclusions in small delphinids that with appropriate sterile technique, the impacts of single pin dorsal fin tagging on the animal can be minimal and localized. Of the 2 methods, core biopsy may be a better tagging method.

FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA TREATED WITH CRYOSURGERY: A CASE REPORT

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is a rare, benign disease of the oral mucosa, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 13 and 32 with probable genetic susceptibility. In this case report, we present the clinical, histopathological features and treatment of lesions observed in the oral mucosa of a 16-year-old female patient. Although FEH does not require any treatment in most cases, various treatments are available for patients with aesthetic concerns or complaints of functional impairment due to constant biting on the lesions. Cryosurgery was preferred for this patient with multiple lesions varying in size from 0.2 to 1.5 cm because of its many advantages, and considerable improvement was observed in the lesions.

FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA (HECK'S DISEASE) IN AN ADULT PATIENT: CASE REPORT

Focal epithelial hyperplasia, or Heck's disease, is a rare benign lesion of the oral mucosa. It is usually associated with the proliferation of the squamous epithelium mainly attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). We report the case of a 38-year-old dark-skinned man who attended the health service of the university complaining of an oral mucosa burning sensation. On clinical examination, the patient presented multiple pink papular lesions, firm by palpation, with agglomerated or isolated papules located on the alveolar ridge, inserted and free gingiva of the upper and lower arch, and buccal and labial mucous membranes consistent with HPV lesions. Focal epithelial hyperplasia was the clinical diagnosis. An incisional biopsy of the oral lesions was performed, and the histopathology report described the fragment of oral mucosa covered by stratified parakeratinized squamous epithelium with prominent acanthosis and confluent focal projections to the connective tissue, corroborating the previous clinical diagnostic suspicion.

FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA WITHIN AN AMAZONIC FAMILY: CASE REPORT

A 62-year-old male patient was referred to a stomatology clinic because of multiple lesions on oral mucosa. During anamnesis, the patient said that the lesions were present for 5 years and his daughter and wife had the same lesions, though his daughter had fewer and his wife did not have lesions at that time. Oral examination revealed multiple flat pinkish lesions, located especially on the lip mucosa. A clinical diagnosis of focal epithelial hyperplasia was established, and excisional biopsy was performed in 2 lesions. Histopathologic exam showed acanthosis, blunt rete ridges, and the presence of cells presenting basophilic nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasmatic halo compatible with koilocytes, as well as some mitosoid cells, confirming the clinical diagnosis. The patient was kept under follow-up for 4 months without remission of the reminiscent lesions and is now waiting for removal. A 62-year-old male patient was referred to a stomatology clinic because of multiple lesions on oral mucosa. During anamnesis, the patient said that the lesions were present for 5 years and his daughter and wife had the same lesions, though his daughter had fewer and his wife did not have lesions at that time. Oral examination revealed multiple flat pinkish lesions, located especially on the lip mucosa. A clinical diagnosis of focal epithelial hyperplasia was established, and excisional biopsy was performed in 2 lesions. Histopathologic exam showed acanthosis, blunt rete ridges, and the presence of cells presenting basophilic nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasmatic halo compatible with koilocytes, as well as some mitosoid cells, confirming the clinical diagnosis. The patient was kept under follow-up for 4 months without remission of the reminiscent lesions and is now waiting for removal.

Fully edentulous patient with multifocal epithelial hyperplasia: Report of very rare case

Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), also known as verrucae of the oral cavity, focal epithelial hyperplasia, Heck's disease, and multifocal papillomavirus epithelial hyperplasia, is a rare benign oral condition. It is most typically seen in the labial mucosa of younger people and rarely seen in middle-aged patients. Multiple small nodules or papules in the oral cavity, notably on the labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue, are clinically defined by this lesion. For precise diagnosis needs, clinical history, examination, and histopathologic findings. After months or years, spontaneous regression was commonly recorded; therefore, no treatment was required. Conservative surgical excision can be used for diagnostic and aesthetic reasons and recurrent trauma lesions. We present a very rare oral multifocal epithelial hyperplasia case involving the generalized attached gingiva of the upper and lower jaw in a fully edentulous patient in the Oral Specialized Clinic, Tehran, Iran.

Useful cytological confirmation of HPV 13 in lesional mucosa enhances diagnosis of focal epithelial hyperplasia

An 11-year-old female presented with multiple oral lesions for several months. Histopathological findings suggested focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), also known as Heck disease. FEH is strongly associated with Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially genotypes 13 and 32. An oral swab of a mucosal lesion was subsequently obtained for cytology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In addition, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were also performed retrospectively on the biopsy specimen for correlation. The cytology specimen showed squamous cells with enlarged, slightly atypical nuclei and rare perinuclear halos. The histology findings included papillomatosis with acanthosis, mild nuclear atypia and focal perinuclear halos. The immunohistochemistry for the consensus HPV L1 capsid protein was found in both the cytology and biopsy specimens indicating that the lesion was HPV-related. High viral copy numbers of HPV 13 were detected by in situ hybridization in both the cytology and histology specimens. Although histologic features of FEH have been well characterized in the literature, to our knowledge, this is the first case to describe in FEH with adjunct immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization results. Furthermore, these findings assisted in our diagnosis since the patient's clinical presentation was a diagnostic challenge with smooth dome-shaped papules instead of the typically described flat-topped verrucous lesions seen in FEH. In summary, our case reveals that there is a high concordance between the HPV 13 detection in the cytology and histology of FEH, and that performing cytology in addition to histology can be used to optimize diagnostic evaluation towards appropriate patient care.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas: a histopathological review of multiple cases from Western Romania.

Malignant tumors of the oral cavity have a growing incidence, most being squamous cell carcinomas, generally called oral cancers (OCs), clinically detected at various stages of natural evolution. The increased incidence in Romania in recent years and the lack of conclusive data have led to the development of this study. The main purpose of this study was to assess the molecular profile of tumors, the types of blood vessels associated with the tumor, and expression of tumor immunomarkers. Regarding morphological findings, focal epithelial hyperplasia, dysplastic lesions, typical mitoses, perineural invasion, parakeratosis and keratosis beads, intracytoplasmic keratinization were observed. Microvascular density was higher in the tumor area compared to the peritumoral area. Lymphovascular invasion was identified in 13% of cases, which also presented regional lymph node metastases. Podoplanin expression was identified in 79% of cases which were tested positive for the D2-40 immunomarker. All p53-positive cases co-expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), half of the EGFR-positive cases co-expressed p53, and co-expression of CD117 and p63 was identified in 80% of EGFR-positive/cytokeratin 5 (CK5)-positive cases being proposed the basal-like subtype of OCs, defined as EGFR-positive/CK5-positive, CD117-positive and p63-positive. Results support the need for molecular classification of OCs based on of tumor immunomarker expression and gene analysis.

Refractory focal epithelial hyperplasia successfully treated with novel use of nano-pulse stimulation technology.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), or Heck's disease, is an uncommon HPV-related dermatosis that presents with multiple discrete papules or nodules on the lips, tongue, and gingival or oral mucosa. Treatment is often sought due to cosmesis, social stigma, and functional impairment. Treatment is challenging and a variety of treatment modalities have been attempted with varying degrees of success. This report describes the novel use of nano-pulse stimulation in the successful treatment of recalcitrant FEH of the upper and lower vermillion lip.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease) in Brazilian indigenous children

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Infection by HPV in the oral cavity - A literature review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a microorganism that has the potential to infect the skin and mucous membranes, causing local tissue injury or remaining asymptomatic. When one’s immune system is not capable of fighting an invasion of the virus, it remains latent inside the nucleus of infected cells. One of the clinical manifestations is the presence of benign epithelial lesions in the oral cavity, which include squamous cell papilloma, common skin warts, focal epithelial hyperplasia and papillary hyperplasia. Human papillomaviruses have an etiological role in cancers of the pharynx and the oral cavity, with 25-50% of cases being attributed to HPV infections. A literature review was carried out in big contemporary databases and included papers from any year of publishing, going back as far as reviewing the history of its viral taxonomic classification all the way to current clinical approaches and therapies to patients with this infection, as well as immunization strategies with vaccines. It has been observed that the development of oropharyngeal cancer in a younger and non-smoking population could be attributable to HPV as an independent causal factor and has been a subject of increasing interest for the research community. HPV vaccination is expected to impact oral HPV incidence rates, leastwise for the genotypes included in the vaccine.

Dermoscopy of Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia.

Dermoscopy of Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia.