Flux Flowing Research Articles

Transient pressure and productivity analysis in carbonate geothermal reservoirs with changing external boundary flux

In this paper, a triple-medium flow model for carbonate geothermal reservoirs with an exponential external boundary ?ux is established. The pressure solution under constant production conditions in Laplace space is solved. The geothermal wellbore pressure change considering wellbore storage and skin factor is obtained by Stehfest numerical inversion. The well test interpretation charts and Fetkovich production decline chart for carbonate geothermal reservoirs are proposed for the first time. The proposed Fetkovich production decline curves are applied to analyze the production decline behavior. The results indicate that in carbonate geothermal reservoirs with exponential external boundary ?ux, the pressure derivative curve contains a triple dip, which represents the interporosity flow between the vugs or matrix and fracture system and the invading flow of the external boundary ?ux. The interporosity flow of carbonate geothermal reservoirs and changing external boundary flux can both slow down the extent of production decline and the same variation tendency is observed in the Fetkovich production decline curve.

Design and research of columnar thermal cloak with arbitrary shape in inhomogeneous backgrounds

Recently, thermal metamaterials have attracted more and more attention, and they have been used to manipulate the flow of heat flux. As a typical case, the thermal cloak can conceal the heat signature of an object. To the best of our knowledge, most of researches on cloak have focused on the case in which the background is a single homogeneous medium. However, cloaking in the layered and gradually changing backgrounds is very common in our real life such as hiding the buried mines in several soil backgrounds. In this paper, on the basis of transformation thermodynamics, a general expression of the thermal conductivity for two-dimensional thermal cloak with arbitrary shape in the layered and gradually changing backgrounds is derived by the coordinate transformation method. According to the expression, we design the thermal cloak in different inhomogeneous backgrounds. Results of full wave simulation show that heat flux can travel around the protection area and eventually return to their original path. The temperature profile inside the thermal cloak keeps unchanged, and the temperature field outside the thermal cloak is not distorted, which proves that the cloak has a thermal protection and thermal stealth function. In the end, we propose a useful method of utilizing homogeneous isotropic materials to construct a thermal device according to the equivalent medium theory. The method is closer to the practical application of the project because of considering the complex backgrounds. At the same time, this technology provides a feasible method to control heat transfer in the future and has great significance for thermal stealth and thermal protection.

Electric field induced by vortex transport in percolation superconductors

The influence of fractal normal phase clusters on the electric field induced by the flow and creep of the magnetic flux in percolation superconductors has been considered. The current–voltage characteristics of such superconductors with allowance for the influence of the fractal dimension of cluster boundaries and the pinning barrier height have been obtained. The vortex dynamics in percolation superconductors with a fractal cluster structure in a viscous flow of the magnetic flux, the Anderson–Kim creep, and the collective flux creep has been analyzed. It has been discovered that the fractality of normal phase clusters reduces the electric field arising in the initial stage of the resistive transition.

Hydrodynamics of porous formations: Simple indices for calibration and identification of spatio-temporal scales

This paper proposes simple indices to characterize the hydrodynamic conditions of groundwater flow systems and parameters of a basin on different space-time scales, i.e., quantities characterizing a complex phenomenon in a relatively simple way. It focuses especially on the identification of hydraulic conductivity in relation to the space-time scales. Two indices, decay time and penetration depth, are derived on the basis of Fourier flow systems. For the determination of parameters, especially hydraulic conductivities, on the scales of such flow systems, simple Flux/Potential (F/P) ratios are obtained from two hydrodynamic models: a flux model (F), in which measured fluxes (flow rates) are specified, and a potential model (P), in which measured potentials or pressures are specified. The F/P ratios are the basis for the double constraint method (DCM), which is shown to be applicable as a simple and efficient calibration methodology for hydraulic conductivity in single phase flow and absolute permeability in multi-phase flow. The index approach is exemplified using a hydrogeological case study of an aquifer-aquitard system in Belgium, which shows sufficient similarity to larger-scale basin hydrodynamics. It is shown that the indices allow to identify the scale of the relevant parameters, mainly hydraulic conductivity, while the F/P ratios indicate where and how measurement of potentials or pressures and flow rates can be used to determine the hydraulic conductivity on that scale.

13C Metabolic Flux Analysis of acetate conversion to lipids by Yarrowia lipolytica

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are an inexpensive and renewable carbon source that can be generated from gas fermentation and anaerobic digestion of fermentable wastes. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising biocatalyst that can utilize VFAs and convert them into triacylglycerides (TAGs). However, currently there is limited knowledge on the metabolism of Y. lipolytica when cultured on VFAs. To develop a better understanding, we used acetate as the sole carbon source to culture two strains, a control strain and a previously engineered strain for lipid overaccumulation. For both strains, metabolism during the growth phase and lipid production phase were investigated by metabolic flux analysis using two parallel sodium acetate tracers. The resolved flux distributions demonstrate that the glyoxylate shunt pathway is constantly active and the flux through gluconeogenesis varies depending on strain and phase. In particular, by regulating the activities of malate transport and pyruvate kinase, the cells divert only a portion of the glyoxylate shunt flux required to satisfy the needs for anaplerotic reactions and NADPH production through gluconeogenesis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Excess flux flows back to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production. As with the case of glucose as the substrate, the primary source for lipogenic NADPH is derived from the oxidative PPP.

C/NOFS observations of electromagnetic coupling between magnetically conjugate MSTID structures

AbstractThis report demonstrates empirically that couplings between magnetically conjugate medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are electromagnetic in nature. This is accomplished by comparing plasma density, electric, and magnetic perturbations sampled simultaneously by sensors on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. During the period of interest on 17 February 2010, C/NOFS made three consecutive orbits while magnetically conjugate to the field of view of an all‐sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8°S, 69.3°W). Imaged 630.0 nm airglow was characterized by alternating bands of relatively bright and dark emissions that were aligned from northeast to southwest and propagated toward the northwest, characteristic of MSTIDs in the southern hemisphere. Measurable Poynting fluxes flow along the Earth's magnetic field (S||) from “generator” to “load” hemispheres. While S|| was predominantly away from the ionosphere above El Leoncito, interhemispheric energy flows were not one‐way streets. Measured Poynting flux intensities diminished with time over the three C/NOFS passes, suggesting that source mechanisms of MSTIDs were absent or that initial impedance mismatches between the two hemispheres approached an equilibrium status.

Application of Mathematical Modeling during Monitoring and Optimization of Non-Stationary Regime of Oil Well

The paper presents results of modeling of periodical regime of oil well for the purpose of monitoring and optimization of its operation. To describe non-stationary flow in the reservoir a planar-radial model of filtration is employed. The flow of multiphase flux in the well elements (casing, tubing, annulus) is described by 1D Navier-Stoks equations. The pump work is modelled by specification of its rate-head curve. To estimate the typical time duration of the processes in the well and in the reservoir a solution of a model problem for cylindrical tube is given. Through the examples a solution of a problem of optimization of periodical regime of oil wells is demonstrated. The comparison with field measurements is presented.

Ballistic thermal rectification in the three-terminal graphene nanojunction with asymmetric connection angles

By using the nonequilibrium Green's function method, the ballistic thermal rectification in the three-terminal graphene nanojunction is studied. The dynamics of atoms is described by the interatomic fourth-nearest neighbor force-constant model. The nanojunction has a Y-shaped structure, created by a combination of a straight graphene nanoribbon and a leaning branch as the control terminal holding a fixed temperature. No heat flux flows through the control terminal. There exists a temperature bias between the two ends of the graphene nanoribbon serving as the left and right terminals, respectively. The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the ballistic thermal rectification can be introduced by the asymmetric structure with different connection angles between terminals. The control terminal has a smaller connection angle with respect to the left terminal than to the right terminal. The forward direction is defined as being from the left terminal to the right terminal. The results demonstrate that, given the same control temperature and absolute temperature bias, the heat flux in the graphene nanoribbon tends to run preferentially along the forward direction. When the difference between the connection angles increases, the rectification ratio rises. Compared with that of the zigzag graphene nanoribbon, the rectification ratio of the armchair nanoribbon is much sensitive to the direction the control terminal. However, the greatest rectification ratio is found in the zigzag graphene nanoribbon which has a connection angle of 30 degrees with respect to the armchair branch. In addition, the direction of the control terminal can be adjusted to raise more than 50% of the rectification ratio of the graphene thermal rectifier based on the width discrepancy between the left and right terminals. The mechanism of the ballistic thermal rectification is also discussed. In the three-terminal graphene nanojunction, a smaller connection angle with respect to the control terminal leads to more phonon scatterings. The confirmation of this conclusion comes from a comparison of phonon transmission between different couples of terminals, which shows that in most of the frequency spectrum, the phonon transmission between the control terminal and the left terminal is smaller than between the control terminal and the right terminal. Given the same control terminal temperature and temperature bias, the asymmetric connection angles therefore will introduce a higher average temperature of the left and right terminals, and a larger heat flux in the forward process. Moreover, the average temperature difference between in the forward process and in the reverse process is found to be proportional to the temperature bias, and the proportionality coefficient will become bigger if the asymmetry is strengthened.

Lumped parameter method of permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind energy

The breakthroughs in permanent magnet synchronous machines through the latest technologies, especially about machine design, raise the importance of those machines. Moreover, developments in materials technology implement the development of cost effective and profitable products on electric machines. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are divided into two parts according to the situation of slot/pole combination, which is integer or fractional. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are subject of interest due to low torque ripple and low cogging torque. In this paper, the 2D lumped parameter method (LPM) of permanent magnet synchronous machine was composed and stated, and lumped parameter was verified by finite element method. When SMC materials are used in electric machines, flux flows in 3D. Because of this and according to literatures, 3D method is used to analyze the SMC-used machines. 3D finite element method takes a quite long time. Thanks to 2D LPM analysis, which was used in our work; the analysis period become remarkably shorter. In addition, torque and back EMF of permanent magnet synchronous machine were calculated through the developed LPM method. Prototype is tested. It is seen by the results that the produced prototype and the developed algorithm are matching properly.

In silico multiple-targets identification for heme detoxification in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Detoxification of hemoglobin byproducts or free heme is an essential step and considered potential targets for anti-malaria drug development. However, most of anti-malaria drugs are no longer effective due to the emergence and spread of the drug resistant malaria parasites. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify potential new targets and even for target combinations for effective malaria drug design.In this work, we reconstructed the metabolic networks of Plasmodium falciparum and human red blood cells for the simulation of steady mass and flux flows of the parasite's metabolites under the blood environment by flux balance analysis (FBA). The integrated model, namely iPF-RBC-713, was then adjusted into two stage-specific metabolic models, which first was for the pathological stage metabolic model of the parasite when invaded the red blood cell without any treatment and second was for the treatment stage of the parasite when a drug acted by inhibiting the hemozoin formation and caused high production rate of heme toxicity. The process of identifying target combinations consisted of two main steps. Firstly, the optimal fluxes of reactions in both the pathological and treatment stages were computed and compared to determine the change of fluxes. Corresponding enzymes of the reactions with zero fluxes in the treatment stage but non-zero fluxes in the pathological stage were predicted as a preliminary list of potential targets in inhibiting heme detoxification. Secondly, the combinations of all possible targets listed in the first step were examined to search for the best promising target combinations resulting in more effective inhibition of the detoxification to kill the malaria parasites. Finally, twenty-three enzymes were identified as a preliminary list of candidate targets which mostly were in pyruvate metabolism and citrate cycle. The optimal set of multiple targets for blocking the detoxification was a set of heme ligase, adenosine transporter, myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase, ferrodoxim reductase-like protein and guanine transporter. In conclusion, the method has shown an effective and efficient way to identify target combinations which are obviously useful in the development of novel antimalarial drug combinations.

A Method to Constrain Genome-Scale Models with 13C Labeling Data.

Current limitations in quantitatively predicting biological behavior hinder our efforts to engineer biological systems to produce biofuels and other desired chemicals. Here, we present a new method for calculating metabolic fluxes, key targets in metabolic engineering, that incorporates data from 13C labeling experiments and genome-scale models. The data from 13C labeling experiments provide strong flux constraints that eliminate the need to assume an evolutionary optimization principle such as the growth rate optimization assumption used in Flux Balance Analysis (FBA). This effective constraining is achieved by making the simple but biologically relevant assumption that flux flows from core to peripheral metabolism and does not flow back. The new method is significantly more robust than FBA with respect to errors in genome-scale model reconstruction. Furthermore, it can provide a comprehensive picture of metabolite balancing and predictions for unmeasured extracellular fluxes as constrained by 13C labeling data. A comparison shows that the results of this new method are similar to those found through 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C MFA) for central carbon metabolism but, additionally, it provides flux estimates for peripheral metabolism. The extra validation gained by matching 48 relative labeling measurements is used to identify where and why several existing COnstraint Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) flux prediction algorithms fail. We demonstrate how to use this knowledge to refine these methods and improve their predictive capabilities. This method provides a reliable base upon which to improve the design of biological systems.

Biosynthesis of amino deoxy-sugar-conjugated flavonol glycosides by engineered Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was engineered to divert the flow of carbon flux from glucose-1-phosphate to thymidine diphosphate 4-keto 4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (dTKDG), an intermediate of various dTDP-sugars. Glucose phosphate isomerase (pgi), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf) and uridylyltransferase (galU) genes were deleted while two additional genes, dTDP-D-glucose synthase (tgs) and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (dh), were overexpressed to produce a pool of dTKDG in the cell cytosol. The flow of dTKDG was further diverted to dTDP-D-viosamine, dTDP 4-amino 4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose, and dTDP 3-amino 3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose sugars using sugar aminotransferases (gerB, wecE, and fdtB, respectively) from different sources. These sugar moieties were transferred to the 3-hydroxyl position of quercetin and kaempferol with the help of Arabidopsis thaliana glycosyltransferase (ArGT3). As a result, 4-amino 4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose and 3-amino 3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose sugars conjugated to quercetin and kaempferol were biosynthesized successfully from exogenously supplemented quercetin and kaempferol. However, no D-viosamine conjugated kaempferol or quercetin derivatives were produced during the biotransformation. All the synthesized glycosides are novel unnatural compounds, which could have potent biological activities.

The impact of reflow soldering induced dopant redistribution on the mechanical properties of CNTs doped Sn58Bi solder joints

This research was intended to establish a scientific relationship between the changes of the weight percent of CNTs in the solder blocks and the changes of mechanical properties of the doped solder joints. The impact of reflow soldering induced dopant redistribution has been detailedly discussed. It was proved to be a principle reason that led to the changes of the weight percent of CNTs in the doped solder joints, and finally influenced the mechanical properties. The drag force caused by the outward flow of the solder flux and the buoyancy force caused by the density gap were the main inducing factors for the redistribution. By experimental methods, CNTs doped Sn58Bi solder pastes with the doping amount of 0.025, 0.05, 0.100, 0.150 and 0.200 wt% were studied to analyze this phenomenon. Our findings showed that with doping amount of 0.100 wt%, the doped solder block seemed saturated. After doping more CNTs, the final weight percent of CNTs was hardly increased. Also, the excess CNTs preferred to aggregate at the near surface region of the solder block, making the surface became darker and coarser. To analyze the real conditions, CNTs doped Sn58Bi solder joints with different original doping amount were studied to detect the changes of mechanical properties. According to the results, the highest shear stress was found to be 77.3 MPa with the doping amount of 0.050 wt%. After the doping amount overpassed 0.100 wt%, the shear stress decreased sharply. Also, via morphology observation, the doped CNTs were found aggregated at the interface of the solder joints seriously with the doping amount of 0.200 wt%.

Substorm onset: Current sheet avalanche and stop layer

AbstractA new scenario is presented for the onset of a substorm and the nature of the breakup arc. There are two main components, current sheet avalanche and stop layer. The first refers to an earthward flow of plasma and magnetic flux from the central current sheet of the tail, triggered spontaneously or by some unknown interaction with an auroral streamer or a suddenly appearing eastward flow at the end of the growth phase. The second offers a mechanism to stop the flow abruptly at the interface between magnetosphere and tail and extract momentum and energy to be partially processed locally and partially transmitted as Poynting flux toward the ionosphere. The stop layer has a width of the order of the ion inertial length. The different dynamics of the ions entering freely and the magnetized electrons create an electric polarization field which stops the ion flow and drives a Hall current by which flow momentum is transferred to the magnetic field. A simple formalism is used to describe the operation of the process and to enable quantitative conclusions. An important conclusion is that by necessity the stop layer is also highly structured in longitude. This offers a natural explanation for the coarse ray structure of the breakup arc as manifestation of elementary paths of energy and momentum transport. The currents aligned with the rays are balanced between upward and downward directions. While the avalanche is invoked for explaining the spontaneous substorm onset at the inner edge of the tail, the expansion of the breakup arc for many minutes is taken as evidence for a continued formation of new stop layers by arrival of flow bursts from the near‐Earth neutral line. This is in line with earlier conclusions about the nature of the breakup arc. Small‐scale structure, propagation speed, and energy flux are quantitatively consistent with observations. However, the balanced small‐scale currents cannot constitute the substorm current wedge. The source of the latter must be located just earthward of the stop layer in the near‐dipolar magnetosphere and be powered by the internal energy of the flow bursts. The stop layer mechanism is in some way the inverse of reconnection, as it converts flow into electromagnetic energy, and may have wide applicability in astrophysical plasmas.

Investigations of hydraulic operating conditions of air lift pump with three types of air-water mixers

Abstract: Investigations of hydraulic operating conditions of air lift pump with three types of air-water mixers. The paper presents the analysis of results of the investigations concerning the influence of various constructive solutions of the air-water mixers on hydraulic operating conditions of the air lift pump. The scope of the investigations encompassed the determination of characteristics of delivery head and delivery rate for three types of air-water mixers applied in the constructed air lift pump. Using the obtained results, the efficiency of the three types of air-water mixers applied in this air lift pump was determined. The analysis was carried out and there was checked whether the improved analytical Stenning-Martin model can be used to design air lift pumps with the air-water mixers of these types. The highest capacity in the water transport was reached by the air lift pump with the 1st type air-water mixer, the lowest one – with the 3rd type air-water mixer. The water flow in the air lift pump increases along with the rise in the air flow. The lower are the hydraulic losses generated during flow of the air flux by the air-water mixer, the higher is the air lift pump capacity. Along with the rise in the water delivery head, the capacity of the air lift pump decreases. The highest efficiency is reached by the air lift pump with the 1st type air-water mixer, the lowest – with the 3st type air-water mixer. The efficiency of the air lift pump for the three investigated types of air-water mixers decreases along with the rise in air flow rate and water delivery head. The values of submergence ratio (h/L) of the delivery pipe, calculated with the use of the improved analytical Stenning-Martin model, coincide quite well with the values of h/L determined from the measurements.

Cylindrical Thermal Cloak Based on the Path Design of Heat Flux

When heat flux flows in a given medium, its path will solely be determined. This implies that material parameters determined by the predesigned path of heat flux will guide heat to flow along the designed path. Based on this idea, we develop a new method for the design of the cylindrical thermal cloak which can make heat flux detour the cloaked object. For the inhomogeneous anisotropic medium, we derive the relation between the path trajectory of heat flux and material parameters and obtain two differential equations and one boundary condition which are used to determine material parameters in the cylindrical cloak. The transient behavior on the flow of heat flux is simulated by Comsol Multiphysics and the transient thermal protection of the cylindrical cloak for the cloaked object is examined. The effect of the product of density and specific heat on the dynamic diffusion process of heat flux is analyzed. Since one can flexibly design the path of heat flux in the cloak, it has the large degree of freedom to construct thermal cloaks with the specific distributions of material parameters. The present method provides a new blue print for the transient thermal protection of a specific target.

An Entropy Approach to the Natures of the Electric Charge and Magnetic Flux

As a result of investigating analytically and experimentally the interchangeability between thermal, electrical and magnetic energies, it is proved in the presented study that the electric and magnetic energies have an equivalent grade and nature as the thermal energy. So, the natural flow of electric charges and magnetic flux is associated also by increase of entropy of universe, similar to the heat, and has the same nature of waves as the electromagnetic heat radiation. Casting the Maxwell’s wave equation into an energy frame of reference that replaces the time in wave equations by entropy, it is possible to represent the electric charges and magnetic flux as electromagnetic waves of electric and magnetic potentials. Such results lead to modify exclusively the definition of the physical nature of the electric charge and magnetic flux which is unavailable in literature.

Research and design of directional heat transmission structure based on metamaterial

Based on the research of thermal cloak, directional heat transmission structure is proposed in this paper. On the basis of transformation thermodynamics, the thermal conductivity expression for directional heat transmission structure is derived by the oblique coordinate transformation. The results from the numeric calculation indicate that the heat flux flows to the designed high temperature side while the low temperature side remains at low temperature. Furthermore, rotational transformation is performed on the basis of oblique coordinate transformation. The derived thermal conductivity expression has two vertical segments. The calculation results display that with the increase of the thermal conductivity along the normal of the high temperature side, the heat transmission efficiency is improved greatly. Moreover, the temperature difference between the high and low temperature side increases after the rotational transformation. Directional heat transmission has potential applications in infrared stealth and heat protection.

Thermal rectification of heterojunction nanotubes

Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method, we have studied the thermal rectification of heterojunction nanotubes (HCNTs). All of these HCNTs, composed of two 4 nm long carbon nanotubes (CNTs), only have a pentagon-heptagon defects pair. Here the positive direction is defined as the direction where the heat flux flows from the large diameter CNTs to the small diameter CNTs. We have found that the thermal rectification depends on the diameter, the chirality and the temperature.#br#Diameter effect: We fix the diameter on one side and changed it on another side, i.e., the left side of the HCNTs is (3, 3) while the right side of the HCNTs is (n, n), in which n changes from 4 to 9. It is found that the thermal rectification efficiency of HCNTs increases with n (also with the diameter difference). If considering the temperature field of (3, 3)-(4, 4) HCNTs, one can find that there exists a region near the HCNT where the temperature changes sharply. This region when the flux is positive is similar to that when the flux is negative. However, if taking into consideration the (3, 3)-(9, 9) HCNTs, we find that the distribution of temperature field shows different behaviors when the directions of the heat flux are different, and the length of this region becomes longer than (3, 3)-(4, 4). It can be explained that the thermal rectification is caused by different temperature distributions in HCNTs.#br#Chirality effect: We keep the chirality unchanged on one side of HCNTs and change the chirality of the other side, namely, the chirality of the left side of HCNTs are (3, 3) and the right side are (9, 9), (11, 7), (13, 4) and (15, 1), all of their diameters are close to 4.1 Å. We can find that the intersection angle between two CNTs decreases when the right side of HCNTs changes from (9, 9) to (15, 1), and the thermal rectification efficiency will be enhanced. It can be explained that the phonon is scattered and absorbed more effectively at the hetero-junction as the intersection angle decreases.#br#Temperature effect: We have constructed a HCNT (3, 3)-(9, 9) and changed its average temperature from 200 to 400 K. Our results show that the thermal rectification efficiency will be weakened with the rise in average temperature because of increasing heat flux in the negative direction.#br#This research may be helpful to the research in nanoscale thermal diodes, thermal logical gates and controlling heat flux.

Design of two-dimensional plate directional heat transmission structure based on meta materials

Based on the transformation thermodynamics, the thermal conductivity expression for the unit cell of the directional heat transmission structure is derived by the oblique and rotary coordinate transformation. We obtain the two-dimensional plate directional heat transmission structure through periodically arranging the unit cells which are realized by layering copper and thermal insulation materials. The results from the numerical calculation indicate that the heat flux flows from the upper surface of the directional heat transmission structure to the two sides, while the upper and lower surface remain at low temperature. Compared with the temperature of SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation material, the upper surface temperature falls 33.3%, the low surface temperature falls 4.3%, while the temperatures of the two sides rise 40.1%. The decrease of the upper surface temperature indicates that the heat on the upper surface can be guided timely, and then the infrared radiation can be weakened. The decrease of the lower surface temperature indicates that the adiabatic efficiency of the directional heat transmission structure is superior to that of the SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation material. The heat transmission from the upper surface to the sides is conducive to the good use of the heat flux. The directional heat transmission has a potential application in the infrared stealth and heat protection.