Flowchart Research Articles

Measuring the impact of student knowledge exchange for sustainability: A systematic literature review and framework

Knowledge Exchange is a rapidly emerging phenomenon in the higher education sector. Nevertheless, it remains a niche area with limited studies examining the impact of knowledge exchange for sustainability on students. This research adopted a systematic literature review approach to review sustainability-oriented project-based learning and student knowledge exchange with a view to developing a framework to measure the impact of student knowledge exchange for sustainability. The literature review was based on 38 journal papers selected out of 3578 search results with an application of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow chart methodology. A qualitative content analysis was used to identify and explore the main concepts and variables to evaluate the content of the articles selected by SLR. The results showed three main categories to be systematically measured to understand their impact: (i) capacity building, (ii) affective domain, and (iii) career readiness. Capacity building requires measuring students' sustainability knowledge, competence, and skill levels. The affective domain evaluates changes in students' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours identified as affective learning outcomes for sustainability. Career readiness assesses a student's level of preparation for the workplace. These variables/constructs informed the development of a framework to measure the impact of student KE for sustainability in a systematic and comprehensive way. The proposed framework is the study's main contribution, supporting measuring the impact of student knowledge exchange for sustainability. It provides a way to address impact holistically and define what specific variables/constructors should be measured to quantify students' impact.

Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solutions Using Mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272

In this study, the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) from chloride solutions after leaching REE carbonate concentrate with solutions of the mixtures of P507 (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) and Cyanex 272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) (1:1) at various concentrations was experimentally studied. It was shown that the distribution ratios of all REEs decrease with the increasing concentration of these metals in the initial solution, which is associated with the loading of the organic phase. The most significant improvement in the extraction is observed for the heavy group of rare earth elements. The extractability of REEs increases with the increasing atomic number of the element, as is typical for the extraction of these metals with acidic organophosphorus extractants. The data obtained show that the separation factors of adjacent rare earth elements decrease slightly with the increasing concentration of metals in the initial aqueous solution. Increasing the concentration of the extractant mixture does not have a significant effect on the values of the adjacent REE separation factors. The data obtained on the distribution ratios and separation factors made it possible to propose a flow sheet for the separation of rare earth elements with the production of Y, Ho, Tb and Dy.

ANALYSIS OF PAYROLL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT PT ALFA KREASI (WEEKEND INC)

This writing aims to determine the application of the Payroll Accounting Information System carried out at PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC), as well as to analyze the implementation of the Internal Control System and provide proposals for the Payroll Accounting System to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the Internal Control System at PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC ). The type of data used is qualitative data, data that explains a phenomenon based on things that generally contain words where the data obtained and which will be processed later is in the form of primary data, which is obtained directly through face-to-face interviews with the parties concerned. The analytical tools that the author uses in this research are data flow diagrams (DFD) and document flow charts (flowcharts). From the research that has been carried out, the author concludes that PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC) implements a computerized payroll system seen in the recording process carried out on Google Sheets and for all data regarding payroll in the process of paying employee salaries via bank transfer. And the analysis of the company's Internal Control System has also been implemented in accordance with the policies set by the leadership.

The development of a next-generation sequencing panel targeting cannabinoid synthase genes to distinguish between marijuana and hemp.

Hemp and marijuana, both derived from Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), are subject to divergent legal regulations due to their different Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) contents. Cannabinoid synthase genes are considered the key enzymes that determine the chemical composition or chemotype of a particular cultivar. However, existing methods for crop type differentiation based on previous synthase gene theories have limitations in terms of precision and specificity, and a wider range of cannabis varieties must be considered when examining cannabis-based genetic markers. A custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was developed targeting all synthase genes, including Δ9-THC acid synthase, cannabidiolic acid synthase, and cannabichromenic acid synthase, as well as the pseudogenes across diverse C. sativa samples, spanning reference hemp and marijuana, commercial hemp derivatives, and seized marijuana extracts. Interpretation of NGS data revealed a relationship between genotypes and underlying chemotypes, with the principal component analysis indicating a clear distinction between hemp and marijuana clusters. This differentiation was attributed to variations in both synthase genes and pseudogene variants. Finally, this study proposes a genetic cannabis classification method using a differentiation flow chart with novel synthase markers. The flow chart successfully differentiated hemp from marijuana with a 1.3% error rate (n=147).

Assessing the Impact of Patient Characteristics on Genetic Clinical Pathways: A Regression Approach

Molecular genetic techniques allow for the diagnosing of hereditary diseases and congenital abnormalities prenatally. A high variability of treatments exists, engendering an inappropriate clinical response, an inefficient use of resources, and the violation of the principle of the equality of treatment for equal needs. The proposed framework is based on modeling clinical pathways that contribute to identifying major causes of variability in treatments justified by the clinical needs’ variability as well as depending on individual characteristics. An electronic data collection method for high-risk pregnant women addressing genetic facilities and laboratories was implemented. The collected data were analyzed retrospectively with two aims. The first is to identify how the whole activity of genetic services can be broken down into different clinical pathways. This was performed by building a flow chart with the help of doctors. The second aim consists of measuring the variability, within and among, the different paths due to individual characteristics. A set of statistical models was developed to determine the impact of the patient characteristics on the clinical pathway and its length. The results show the importance of considering these characteristics together with the clinical information to define the care pathway and the use of resources.

An Education and Training Program on Disaster Triage for Nurses and Nursing Students: Literature Review

Natural disasters continue to increase globally yearly. Over 1.6 billion people live in disaster-prone areas, conflict zones, and displacement areas. The impacts of disasters highlight the importance of disaster preparedness to minimize errors in disaster triage management. However, nurses' knowledge and skills in implementing initial triage procedures are still adequate. This scooping review aims to find an overview of implementing disaster triage education and training programs. This research is a scooping review using the Prisma flow chart in its implementation. This study showed significant results in all articles (n = 14) in increasing knowledge, attitudes, skills, awareness, preparedness, accuracy, and learning motivation in conducting disaster triage. The methods used are simulation methods (live, virtual reality, and screen-based) and training and education methods (lectures, discussions, videos, roleplay, and games) with material on disaster triage, START triage, and SALT triage concepts. This study concluded that disaster triage education for nurses and nursing students is very important to be provided by carrying out the latest methods so that the results are more effective.

ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENGGAJIAN PADA PT ALFA KREASI (WEEKEND INC)

This writing aims to determine the application of the Payroll Accounting Information System carried out at PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC), as well as to analyze the implementation of the Internal Control System and provide proposals for the Payroll Accounting System to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the Internal Control System at PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC ). The type of data used is qualitative data, data that explains a phenomenon based on things that generally contain words where the data obtained and which will be processed later is in the form of primary data, which is obtained directly through face-to-face interviews with the parties concerned. The analytical tools that the author uses in this research are data flow diagrams (DFD) and document flow charts (flowcharts). From the research that has been carried out, the author concludes that PT Alfa Kreasi (WEEKEND INC) implements a computerized payroll system seen in the recording process carried out on Google Sheets and for all data regarding payroll in the process of paying employee salaries via bank transfer. And the analysis of the company's Internal Control System has also been implemented in accordance with the policies set by the leadership.

Perwujudan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani: Article Review

The purpose of this article is to find out the embodiment of the Pancasila student profile in physical education and non-physical education subjects in the form of embodied elements and methods or models used. This research design used PRISMA flow chart. The data source is obtained from google scholar within the last 3 years. Data collection techniques with the PICO Method. The result of the study is the realization of the profile of Pancasila students in Physical Education and Non-Physical Education subjects. The elements of the Pancasila student profile that have been realized in Physical Education subjects are Creative and Critical Thinking elements. Meanwhile, Non-Physical Education subjects have realized the 6 elements of the character profile of the study of pencasila. Learning methods that can improve and realize the profile of Pancasila students in Physical Education subjects are cooperative learning models with various types and PjBL. Meanwhile, Non-Physical Education subjects are learning models, namely: Cooperative, PjBL, Literature Studies, Dipresi Mosem, Discovery Learning. The implication of this research is the realization of the Pancasila student profile whose existence is very important in life and is proven to contribute to delivering students to successful learning.

Pricing of hospital services: evidence from a thematic review.

The management implications of pricing healthcare services, especially hospitals, have received insufficient scholarly attention. Additionally, disciplinary overlaps have led to scattered academic efforts in this domain. This study performs a thematic synthesis of the literature and applies retrospective analysis to hospital service pricing articles to address these issues. The study's inputs were sourced from well-known online repositories, using a structured search string and PRISMA flow chart to select the pertinent documents. Our thematic analysis of pricing literature encompasses: (a) comprehension of hospital service pricing nature; (b) pricing objectives, strategies and practices differentiation; (c) presentation of factors impacting hospital service pricing. We observe that hospital pricing is an intricate and unclear matter. The terms 'pricing strategies' and 'pricing practices' are often used interchangeably in academic literature. Hospital service pricing is influenced by costs, demand and supply factors, market structure, pricing regulation and third-party reimbursements. The study's findings provide policy implications for service pricing in hospitals, in addition to suggesting avenues for future research on hospital pricing.

Weight stigma and allostatic load in adults: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionWeight-related stigma (WS) has been associated with adverse psychosocial and physical health effects. Despite the relationship between WS and allostatic load, there are no integrative reviews of this association. This...

Meta-Analysis the Effects of Hypertension, High Density Lipoprotein, and Diabetes Mellitus on the Risk of Stroke

Background: Stroke is defined as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain which is usually caused by a blockage by a blood clot. This causes disruption of the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain resulting in damage to brain tissue. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, and diabetes mellitus on the risk of stroke. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: adults. Intervention: hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, and diabetes mellitus. Comparison: normal blood pressure, normal HDL, and normal blood sugar. Outcome: strokes. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest with keywords (hypertension OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "high-density lipoprotein") AND stroke AND ("cross-sectional" OR "case-control") AND aOR. There were 9 Case-Control studies and 4 Cross-Sectional studies published in 2013-2023 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. Results: 13 studies from Oman, Iran, Lebanon, Ghana, Finland, Nigeria, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia were selected for meta-analysis. Total sample was 71,037. Had history of hypertension (aOR= 5.48; 95% CI = 2.26 to 13.32; p= 0.002) and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI= 1.45 to 2.57; p< 0.001) increased the risk of stroke. High HDL levels reduced the risk of stroke (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.79; p= 0.004). Conclusion: History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of stroke. However, high HDL levels reduce the risk of stroke. Keywords: hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes mellitus, stroke.

Practices of Physiotherapists on the Risk of Falls and Prevention in Clients Aged 65 and Older: Online Survey Results

Purpose: Physiotherapists frequently interact with older adults. We aimed to determine the physiotherapists’ practices for fall risk and prevention in clients at 65 years and older. 
 Material and Methods: 72 physiotherapists responded to online survey including questions about demographic and professional characteristics, the awareness and practices of physiotherapists on falling and preventing falls. 
 Results: 91.7% of physiotherapists reported that fall risk should be determined in all clients at 65 years and older. 30.6% of them stated that they evaluated the risk of falling in case of necessity, 83.3% stated that they did not use a standard assessment-treatment flow chart for risk of falling. In elderly clients with low or no risk of falling, 8.1% of physiotherapists; In elderly clients with high risk of falling 83.3% of physiotherapist applied a preventive physiotherapy approach to prevent falls. 67.9% of physiotherapists provide training and advice on fall prevention to elderly clients with low or no fall risk; 73.5% prefer assistive device reclamation in elderly clients with a high risk of falling.
 Conclusion: Interventions should be planned to improve fall risk awareness and practices among physiotherapists by following a standard assessment-treatment flow chart for their clients 65 years and older.

An FPGA-Based Adaptive Solution for Synchronous Configuration in UART Communication

To address the challenges associated with data reception failures, which arise due to abrupt alterations in the baud rate and the data format of the transmission signal in traditional Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) scenarios, this study presents an adaptive UART parameter solution underpinned by Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Initially, this manuscript elucidates the underlying principles of UART communication and delineates the pivotal constituents of the UART protocol. Subsequently, it offers an in-depth analysis, from the transmission perspective, of how specific parameters influence the effectiveness of the UART protocol. Based on the software and hardware embodiments associated with the dual primary functions – baud rate adaptation and data format adaptation – this paper extensively details the flow chart for baud rate adaptation, the circuitry for edge detection, methodologies for baud rate computation, and the parameter eigenvalue approach. Following this, Verilog, a hardware description language, is employed for coding and subsequent simulation within the Quartus II environment. Empirical evidence corroborates the efficacy of the proposed design in achieving synchronous configuration between the baud rate and the data format. The findings of this research bear substantial implications for augmenting both the adaptability and dependability of UART communication systems.

Development of Process Flow Sheet for Recovering Strategic Mineral Monazite from a Lean-Grade Bramhagiri Coastal Placer Deposit, Odisha, India

The present investigation deals with the development of a process flow sheet for recovering strategic mineral monazite concentrate from a lean-grade offshore placer deposit of the Bramhagiri coast along the southeast coast of Odisha, India.In the present study, both dry and wet processes are investigated to improve the recovery and purity of monazite. The results of the pre-concentration studies reveal that by using multi-stage spiral concentrators, the Total Heavy Minerals [THM] have been upgraded to 97.8% with a monazite content of 0.33% from a feed sample containing 4.72% total heavy minerals and 0.01% monazite content. The beneficiation studies revealed that the feed was initially subjected to a high-tension separator, and the non-conducting fraction of the high-tension roll was further subjected to magnetic separation. The magnetic product was again subjected to a flotation process followed by cleaning of the flotation product using a magnetic separator. This magnetic product contains 98.89% monazite with 84% recovery and 0.28% yield from a spiral product containing 0.33% monazite and qualifies for extracting rare earths. It is worth recovering monazite mineral from even lean-grade deposits, as it is a source of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements and is very high in demand for humankind due to technological advancements. In view of this, monazite recovery is not to be considered for the economic profitability of the process but for strategic requirements.

Effectiveness of repairing yielding anchor rods in exposed column bases in steel structures

AbstractOne of the features of Japanese structural steel design is an economical design option for yielding exposed column bases before first‐story columns, namely weak‐base/strong‐column design, which is unlike the strict capacity design for column bases. This study aims to develop a repair methodology that identifies damage states of the yielding column bases and anchor rods, and selects appropriate repair/retrofit methods. As a standard repair method for damaged exposed‐type column bases, the applicability and effectiveness of the re‐tightening process of anchor rods need to be examined. This study first reviews the literature on standard retrofit techniques for column bases and required deformation capacity of ductile anchor rods. The threaded anchor rod deformation capacity with different steel grades and screw threads commonly used were tested to clarify the required ductility. To clarify the reparability of exposed column bases, numerical models of four‐ and six‐story steel moment resisting frame buildings were developed and validated by shaking table test results. The results show that this simple repair method was proven to be effective through the test program and numerical analysis and it's not always applicable for standard anchor rods assumed for pin or fixed column bases designed to remain elastic. Finlly, a repair methodology and flow chart that identifies the damage states of anchor rods and selects appropriate repair/retrofit methods for the exposed steel column base was suggested and applied to the simulation results.

Value of computed tomography-based lipiodol retention pattern in the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma complete response following conventional transarterial chemoembolization

BackgroundConventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) has emerged as a major treatment modality for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Efforts have recently been made to identify biomarkers of HCCs that can potentially predict the response of lesions to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy. The goal of these efforts is to simplify the decision-making process on whether a patient should choose cTACE or pursue other treatment options. Among these, computed tomography (CT) based lipiodol retention analysis has shown promise in providing valuable insights into post-TACE outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the value of CT-based lipiodol retention pattern in predicting recurrence after a state of complete response (CR) according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) guideline post-cTACE.MethodsFrom January 2022 to June 2023, a cohort of 30 patients with 40 HCCs who received a primary cTACE session were identified. The study included patients who underwent 1st cTACE session with no more than three HCCs. Ten HCC lesions were eliminated owing to different reasons (illustrated in the flow chart). Tumor response was evaluated based on mRECIST on 1st follow-up CT with a particular focus on tumors demonstrating a complete response. Patterns of lipiodol retention within these tumors were categorized as complete lipiodol retention pattern (C-Lip), covering the whole tumor, or incomplete lipiodol retention pattern (I-Lip). Recurrence was defined when reappearance of enhancement on arterial-phase images of the treated lesion with subsequent washout on portal/delayed phase images occurred corresponding to findings of restricted diffusion on follow-ups DCE-MRI.ResultsA total of 30 HCCs with a CR were classified into 21 (70%) with C-Lip and 9 (30%) with I-Lip. After a median follow-up of 6.00 ± 2.27 months (3–9 months), 8/9 (88.9%) I-Lip and 5/21 (23.8%) C-Lip showed recurrence on follow-up (DCE-MRI), (p < 0.01), with no significant difference in the time of progression (mean 5.57 ± 2.69 for C-Lip vs. 6.00 ± 2.27 months for I-Lip, with (p < 0.5).ConclusionsHCCs exhibit complete lipiodol retention alongside mRECIST CR possess a reduced susceptibility of recurrence, thereby potentially benefiting from MRI during subsequent evaluations. Conversely, the presence of incomplete lipiodol retention in conjunction with mRECIST CR is an indication of a high risk of recurrence and may require further treatment.

Initiation Rate of First-hour Breastfeeding in Healthy Term and Near Term Babies: Outcome Assessment After Quality Improvement Methods in Secondary Care District Hospital

Objective To improve the rate of first-hour breastfeeding in term and near-term healthy neonates by a quality improvement (QI) study at Secondary Care District Hospital. Design QI study. Setting Labor room-operation theatre of a secondary care district hospital. Participants Stable newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation born by normal vaginal delivery and by cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Procedure A team of nurses, pediatricians, obstetricians, and anesthetists analyzed possible reasons for delayed initiation of breastfeeding by flow chart and Fishbone analysis. Various change ideas were tested through sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Outcome measure Proportion of eligible babies breastfed within 1 hour of delivery. Results The rate of first-hour initiation of breastfeeding increased from 69% to 88% in normal vaginal deliveries and from 17% to 61% in the cesarian section over the study period, which were sustained up to 80% in normal vaginal deliveries (NVD) and 55% in lower segment cesarean section. Conclusions A QI approach was able to accomplish sustained improvement in first-hour breastfeeding rates in normal and cesarean deliveries.

Meta Analysis: Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Child’s Development

Background: Breast milk contains enough nutritional content for infants aged 0 to 6 months even without additional food. Exclusive breastfeeding has a positive impact on growth and development disorders experienced by babies. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the effect size of exclusive breastfeeding on 5 areas of child development, namely gross motor, fine motor, communication, problem solving and personal social.&#x0D; Subjects and Method: It was a meta-analysis study conducted in accordance to PRISMA flow chart and PICO. Population= children aged 6 months to 5 years. Intervention= exclusive breast­feed­ing. Comparison= non-exclusive breastfeeding. Outcome= child development (gross motor, fine motor, communication, problem solving, and personal social). Articles were obtained from Google Schoolar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Inclusion criterias were cohort study, full text article, and child development measurement using the ages &amp; stages questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3.&#x0D; Results: 8 cohort studies from the America, Australia, Europe, Africa, and Asia were selected for meta-analysis. Total sample was 22,048. Exclusive breastfeeding increased child’s development (aOR= 1.07; 95% CI= 1.04 to 1.10; p &lt; 0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding had a positive effect on all five areas of gross motor development (aOR= 1.05; 95% CI= 1.00 to 1.10; p= 0.030), fine motor (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.18; p= 0.009), communication (aOR= 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.11; p= 0.020), problem solving (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.21; p= 0.010) and personal social (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.03 to 1.17; p= 0.005).&#x0D; Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding significantly increases child’s development.&#x0D; Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, gross motor development, fine motor development, personal social, children under five&#x0D; Correspondence: Feby Dwiantini. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: feby.dee05@gmail.com. Mobile: +628529290279.

The road map to proper dental pulp experiments in animal models

Animal models are essential for the development and comparison of new dental materials. However, working on the dental pulp of animal models can be challenging. To provide guidance for conducting proper dental pulp experiments in animal models. The author conducted a literature search on the Google Scholar database to find papers related to pulp capping and animal modeling in dentistry. Based on her own experience in animal research and the findings from the literature review, the author provides practical advice for new researchers in this field. Dogs and monkeys have the size and morphology of teeth that facilitate accessibility while operating in the dental pulp. However, the response of rat dental pulp has been found to be identical to that of humans. Rat maxillary molars are often used for dental pulp studies. Anesthesia using a combination of ketamine and xylazine provides a suitable time for pulp procedures in rats, but it's important to note that anesthetized rats may remain alert despite receiving the correct dose. Attempting to increase the dosage can result in the rat being unable to recover from anesthesia. To ensure safe and effective anesthesia, it is recommended to administer only one-third of the ketamine dose. Xylazine re-dosing should be avoided. Dental researchers in the Middle East and Africa may face unique challenges, but working on rats is challenging worldwide. In the future, virtual reality and simulation may offer alternatives for experimental animals. Wister Albino is the more suitable animal model to be used in dental pulp experiments. The checklist and flow chart of PRAISE 2021 are mandatory for dental researchers experimenting with the dental pulp of animal models.

To blockchain or not to blockchain, these are the questions: A structured analysis of blockchain decision schemes

Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention in recent years, prompting researchers, entrepreneurs, and businesses to seek viable ways to validate the application of blockchain within their specific use cases. Blockchain decision schemes (BDSs) can assist in this decision-making process, offering a potentially more cost-effective alternative to domain experts. Flow chart blockchain decision schemes (FC-BDSs) constitute 77.5% of all BDSs, and this paper systematically reviews these by standardising and aggregating the most prominent schemes into an open-source package. Central to our approach is the definition of an FC-BDS as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Upon this mathematical foundation, we engage in a meticulous exploration and analysis of various elements within FC-BDSs. We present an in-depth analysis of the structure of FC-BDSs, exploring features such as vertex count, question categorisation, and outcome distribution. Notably, the majority of FC-BDS questions ask about data and participation (34.1%) above other domains such as security (18.6%) and performance (10.8%). Observations regarding outcomes shows an overall balance in suggesting the usage or avoidance of blockchains; however, there is a discrepancy between the average questions required to reach these outcomes, revealing potential biases within schemes. Further analysis using similarity metrics (based on both structural and semantic features) identifies significant overlaps between FC-BDSs, with some schemes showing over 90% similarity. These observations could be attributed to a more informal publishing routine for FC-BDSs, and help trace the evolution of FC-BDSs over time. The insights drawn from this research provide valuable insights into the broader BDSs landscape, and stand to make significant strides towards the standardisation of FC-BDSs, thereby promoting a more coherent and effective utilisation of these decision-making tools in the realm of blockchain technology application.