Floor Plate Research Articles

Transconjunctival Approach with Lateral Skin Extension in Orbital Fracture Reconstruction

Introduction : Orbital fractures are commonly featured in various type of facial fracture, including zygomaticomaxillary, naso-orbito-ethmoid, frontal-sinus, Le Fort II, and III fracture patterns. Multidisciplinary surgery is required to restore physiological and aesthetic functions.
 Case Illustration : Three midfacial fracture operations with lower transconjunctival incision approach to 6, 18, and 25 years old patients were performed by maxillofacial team in Al Islam Hospital Bandung. The steps started with lateral canthotomy and continued with transconjunctival incision in a lateromedial direction. With dissection towards the infraorbital rim, lower eyelid is mobilized and can be retracted anteromedially. Two patients was given titanium orbital floor implants and plates, while the youngest patient received absorbable plates. This approach successfully gave wider access to orbital bone and less bleeding during surgery. No complication has been reported with good outcome.
 Discussion : Fracture of the orbital floor may be repaired through transcutaneous, transconjunctival or endoscopic approaches. Transconjunctival approach is the most effective surgical access to infraorbital rim and orbital floor or even to medial orbital wall. The ability to reach periosteum further allows access to great portion of the orbit. Lateral canthotomy allows periosteum to be elevated superiorly for repair of fracture frontozygomatic suture. This approach may decrease the risk of postoperative eyelid retraction than subciliary approach and is aesthetically superior to other approaches.
 Conclusion : Transconjunctival approach has provided wider intraoperative access during orbital fracture reconstruction with easier post operative care, also giving good functional and aesthetic outcome.

PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR KANTOR PHICOS DENGAN SISTIM RANGKA BAJA PEMIKUL MOMEN KHUSUS

Colomadu is the name of a district in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. Colomadu's economic growth can grow through the goods and services business, tourism, and industry so that an office building is planned in the Colomadu area. Because the location of Colomadu District is not far from the province of Yogyakarta, where earthquakes often occur, an earthquake-resistant building is needed to anticipate a minimum number of casualties and material losses during an earthquake. Therefore, in planning this office, a special moment resisting frame system (SRPMK) is used. The building with the Special Moment Bearing Frame System (SRPMK) is planned with the concept of Strong Column and Weak Beam (strong column and weak beam). This planning aims to plan a building structure that is resistant to earthquake loads that will be received by the structure using a special moment-bearing frame structure system and refers to the applicable requirements in accordance with SNI 2847: 2019. Earthquake loads are reviewed using the spectrum response method and structural analysis is carried out with the help of the ETABS V9.7.4 program. From the planning results, the dimensions of the bondek floor plate thickness of 140 mm, beams B1A 150x400 mm, B2A 200x400 mm, B2B 200x400 mm, B2C 200x400 mm, B2D 200x400 mm, B2E 200x400 mm, B3A 200x500 mm, B3B 200x500 mm, B4A 300x150 mm, B5A 300x150 mm, BS 150x300 mm, and columns KP 150x150 mm, K1A 200x300 mm, K2A 400x550 mm, K3A 450x650 mm, and K4A 350x500 mm.

Experimental Approaches Used to Investigate Voluntary Behavioral Thermoregulatory Responses.

A new behavioral test was developed to investigate the neural mechanisms of voluntary, behavioral thermoregulatory responses. The apparatus used in this test consisted of a thermostatic chamber that maintained the ambient temperature at a chosen level and two side-by-side floor plates that were placed in the thermostatic chamber and could be set to different temperatures. As the three temperatures, ambient temperature and two plate temperatures, can be controlled independently, we term this behavioral test the three-temperature (3T) test. When the ambient temperature was 28°C with floor plate temperatures of 25°C and 35°C, mice showed preference to the warm plate over the cool one. By contrast, when the ambient temperature was 40°C, the mice showed preference to the cool plate, that is, a cool-seeking behavior. Detailed analyses of the time courses of the plate preference and core body temperature revealed that this cool-seeking behavior contributed to the regulation of body temperature. By using the 3T test in combination with the latest in vivo imaging techniques for real-time measurement of neuronal activities and neurotransmitter releases in the brain of freely-moving animals, the neural mechanisms of voluntary, behavioral thermoregulatory responses could be elucidated in the near future.

Mechanical Actuation of Organoids in Synthetic Microenvironments.

Organoids are a powerful model system to explore the role of mechanical forces in sculpting emergent tissue cytoarchitecture. The modulation of the mechanical microenvironment is most readily performed using synthetic extracellular matrices (ECM); however, such materials provide passive, rather than active force modulation. Actuation technologies enable the active tuning of mechanical forces in both time and magnitude. Using such instruments, our group has shown that extrinsically imposed stretching on human neural tube organoids (hNTOs) enhanced patterning of the floor plate domain. Here, we provide a detailed protocol on the implementation of mechanical actuation of organoids embedded in synthetic 3D microenvironments, with additional details on methods to characterize organoid fate and behavior. Our protocol is easy to reproduce and is expected to be broadly applicable to investigate the role of active mechanics with in vitro model systems.

Efektivitas Metode Pekerjaan Pelat Lantai Bondek, Half Precast dan Konvensional Gedung Asrama Putra Al-Azhar

The floor plate is one of the important components in a multi-story building. Conventional methods are still widely used for building floor slabs. This method requires a lot of labor and time, which can reduce productivity. Other methods, such as bondek and half precast in floor slab work, are expected to increase work effectiveness and efficiency. This study aims to determine which method is most effective in floor slab work by reviewing cost, time, and work productivity. Floor plate planning consists of calculating each method's structural strength and volume of work, including formwork, reinforcement, concrete, and formwork dismantling. Cost analysis is carried out by collecting data on material prices and labor wages for the building's Draft Budget (RAB). Estimated work time involves formwork preparation, installation of reinforcement, and concrete casting for the three work methods. Based on the results of the calculation analysis on the floor slab work of the Al-Azhar Boys Dormitory Building with an area of the floor plate of 375,318 m2. Conventional floor slab work is more economical than bondek slab work by around 31.23%, but requires the longest work time. Meanwhile bondek floor slabs offer the fastest processing time, even though the cost is higher than conventional slabs, around 31.19% and 5.18% lower than half precast slabs. This can be a recommendation in choosing a floor slab work method.

An in vivo drug screen in zebrafish reveals that cyclooxygenase 2-derived prostaglandin D2 promotes spinal cord neurogenesis.

The study of neurogenesis is essential to understanding fundamental developmental processes and for the development of cell replacement therapies for central nervous system disorders. Here, we designed an in vivo drug screening protocol in developing zebrafish to find new molecules and signalling pathways regulating neurogenesis in the ventral spinal cord. This unbiased drug screen revealed that 4 cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors reduced the generation of serotonergic interneurons in the developing spinal cord. These results fitted very nicely with available single-cell RNAseq data revealing that floor plate cells show differential expression of 1 of the 2 COX2 zebrafish genes (ptgs2a). Indeed, several selective COX2 inhibitors and two different morpholinos against ptgs2a reduced the number of serotonergic neurons in the ventral spinal cord and led to locomotor deficits. Single-cell RNAseq data and different pharmacological manipulations further revealed that COX2-floor plate-derived prostaglandin D2 promotes neurogenesis in the developing spinal cord by promoting mitotic activity in progenitor cells. Rescue experiments using a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor suggest that intracellular changes in cAMP levels underlie the effects of COX inhibitors on neurogenesis and locomotion. Our study provides compelling in vivo evidence showing that prostaglandin signalling promotes neurogenesis in the ventral spinal cord.

Redesign of The Overpass Bridge Structure at Km 839+450 Toll Road Pasuruan-Probolinggo Using Parker Type Truss Bridge

The Overpass Bridge Km 839+450 Pasuruan - Probolinggo Toll Road which is located in Leces District, Probolinggo Regency, East Java has a total span length of 144 meters with a Girder I bridge type. This bridge has 5 spans with 4 pillars. The writer want to redesign the bridge into 2 spans to increase the free space under the bridge overpass. The Parker truss bridge type was chosen because it has the lightest self-weight compared to other types of steel truss bridges. This parker type steel truss bridge is planned with a length of 72 m, a width of 12 m, and a height of 13 m. The bridge is designed for 1 lane which has 2 main lanes and 1 emergency lane. From the analysis carried out, the thickness of the vehicle floor plate is 20 cm with concrete fc 30 MPa and reinforcement Fy 410 MPa. The steel structure uses BJ 41 steel quality with profile dimensions on longitudinal girders WF 300.300.10.15, transverse girder profile dimensions using WF 700.300.13.24, main frame girder dimensions using WF 552.500.50.50 & WF 552.475.25.30, transverse wind ties using WF 294.200.8.12, as well as cross wind ties using the L 250.250.35. For the connection, high-strength bolts of type A325 with Fy 820 MPa are used with a diameter of 24 mm and a connection plate which is L 100.100.10, L 120.120.12, and a 25 mm thick plate. on the main frame connection. The placement of the bridge uses the placement of Typer Elastomeric Bearings coated with steel plates with dimensions of 600x600x150 mm. Steel truss bridge parker type has the advantage that the upperstructure's own weight is lighter than the existing bridge, the difference in weight reaches 33,07 %.

ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN SISA TULANGAN (WASTE), KEBUTUHAN SERTA BIAYA TULANGAN PADA PROYEK RUMAH SAKIT BUNDA THAMRIN MEDAN

In the implementation of construction, there is such thing as a residual use of material which is commonly referred to as Waste Construction. Errors in the supervision and calculation of materials can have a major impact on the budget spent on project implementation, one of which is the use of reinforcing iron material. The use of reinforcing iron material is very important to be considered and calculated carefully and precisely so that it has very little material remnants. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out the amount of reinforcement needed and the required cost along with the reinforcement waste. The method used in this calculation is the Bar Bending Schedule method with the Microsoft Excel program to calculate reinforcement waste and calculate reinforcement requirements for column, beam and floor slab structure work along with the percentage comparison between reinforcement waste and reinforcement requirements. Based on the results of data processing, the need for reinforcement needed for the work of Foundations, Columns, Beams, Floor Plates and Stairs is 183380.233 kg. A lot of waste reinforcement for the work of Foundations, Columns, Beams, Floor Plates and Stairs as much as 26673.281 kg. The percentage of waste reinforcement for Foundations, Columns, Beams, Floor Plates and Stairs is 12.52% and the total cost required is Rp. 2,887,099,791.84.

Enhanced production of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from lineage-restricted human undifferentiated stem cells

Current differentiation protocols for generating mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells result in grafts containing only a small proportion of mesDA neurons when transplanted in vivo. In this study, we develop lineage-restricted undifferentiated stem cells (LR-USCs) from pluripotent stem cells, which enhances their potential for differentiating into caudal midbrain floor plate progenitors and mesDA neurons. Using a ventral midbrain protocol, 69% of LR-USCs become bona fide caudal midbrain floor plate progenitors, compared to only 25% of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Importantly, LR-USCs generate significantly more mesDA neurons under midbrain and hindbrain conditions in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that midbrain-patterned LR-USC progenitors transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats restore function in a clinically relevant non-pharmacological behavioral test, whereas midbrain-patterned hESC-derived progenitors do not. This strategy demonstrates how lineage restriction can prevent the development of undesirable lineages and enhance the conditions necessary for mesDA neuron generation.

Too Much Information: Noise and Communication in an Open Office

Abstract Noise was among the most contested issues in the large open offices that proliferated after World War II in Europe and North America. The “landscape” offices that developed out of the German Bürolandschaft movement were known for large floor plates filled with misaligned desks. They were meant to improve employees’ communication, but their acoustic design prompted worker anxieties about distraction and diminishing privacy. While early remediation efforts sought to quiet offices, in the 1960s designers began adding random, unintelligible noise to mask distractions and arranging employees according to their expected sound levels. This shift from eliminating noise to embracing it as a space-defining element reflected a powerful new acoustic paradigm. The Bürolandschaft movement waned in the 1970s, but the judicious spatial deployment of noise remains an invaluable technique as designers consider how architecture can help or hinder communication and collective intellectual activity.

Cyclic behavior and numerical study of PRC coupling beam with steel truss floor slab

The coupling beam with small span-to-depth ratio is prone to brittle shear failure under the action of earthquake, so it can not play its role as the first line of defense against earthquake. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for calculating the shear bearing capacity of PRC-connected beams with reinforced truss floor plates. A more rational calculation model should be adopted based on its mechanical mechanism. In this study, ABAQUS finite element software is utilized to explore the parameters of PRC-connected beams with steel truss plates, including the span-to-height ratio, reinforcement ratio of the internal steel plate, diameter of upper and lower chord bars, and diameter of abdominal bars. The analysis shows that the span-to-height ratio, steel plate ratio and concrete compressive strength have a significant effect on the seismic behavior of PRC coupling beams with steel truss floor slab. Based on the softened tension-compression bar model combined with the multi-strip model, the theoretical calculation method of the shear capacity of PRC connected beams with steel truss bearing plates is derived. The results of comparison test and simulation verify the accuracy of the calculation results, and provide a design basis for the engineering application of PRC connected beams with steel truss floor plates.

Design and construction of age-friendly smart buildings based on BIM technology

Abstract This paper explores the entry point of BIM technology in promoting intelligent construction and proposes an engineering safety accident prediction model for the construction of age-friendly intelligent buildings based on the gray prediction GM(1,1) method. Based on the physical condition of the elderly, the needs of the settlement, at the same time, the construction of an intelligent old-age design system, according to the needs of the corresponding response to the old-age building design, to facilitate the residence. The intelligent floor plate is identified as an example of the intelligent design results of age-friendly buildings by empirically analyzing their willingness to construct age-friendly intelligent buildings. In the willingness analysis, the survey results were analyzed for reliability validity and correlation; the reliability α coefficients were all greater than 0.7, the AVEs of the reliability were all higher than 0.5, the CRs were all higher than 0.7, and the reliability validity of the survey was high. The correlation coefficients were all >0, and there was a significant positive correlation between the survey variables. The vibration length was used as a criterion, and the accuracy, precision and recall were all 1. The experiments showed that the elderly have a high degree of intention to build age-appropriate intelligent buildings, and the buildings have a high accuracy in interpreting the state of the elderly, and they can detect problems in time and report them to the relevant personnel.

DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF AN EIGHT-STOREY FLATS IN PONTIANAK CITY

The mild to moderate earthquake zone includes the West Kalimantan region, especially Pontianak City. Along with the development of science, regulations governing building construction are continuously updated. SNI 1726-2019 results in that every building in the current mild earthquake zone must consider the earthquake force parameters so as not to cause a significant loss impact. Therefore, the design of an eight-story flats structure located in Pontianak will be carried out to obtain the dimensions of structural components resistant to earthquake loads based on SNI 1726-2019. This building design is a reinforced concrete structure with a moment-bearing frame system, and the structural analysis is modeled with a structural analysis program. The structural dimensions used are 100 mm thick floor plates, 350/700 mm and 400/800 mm for the primary beams, 250/500 mm for the secondary beam, and 800x800 mm columns. This building is included in KDS C, so the earthquake force-bearing structural system used is the Medium Moment Bearing Frame System (SRPMM). This structure has a type 2 horizontal deviation or inner corner deviation and a type 2 vertical deviation or weight (mass) deviation. Based on the structural analysis results, it is then adjusted to the structural parameters by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results of the structural analysis are then continued with the calculation of reinforced concrete structures in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) to ensure that the results meet the required safety criteria.

Elevated parkinsonism pathological markers in dopaminergic neurons with developmental exposure to atrazine

Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most used herbicides in the US and a known endocrine disruptor. ATZ is frequently detected in drinking water, especially in Midwestern regions of the United States, exceeding the EPA regulation of maximum contamination level (MCL) of 3 ppb. Epidemiology studies have suggested an association between ATZ exposure and neurodegeneration. Less, however, is known about the neurotoxic mechanism of ATZ, particularly for exposures at a developmental stage. Here, we exposed floor plate progenitors (FPPs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to low concentrations of ATZ at 0.3 and 3 ppb for two days followed by differentiation into dopaminergic (DA) neurons in ATZ-free medium. We then examined the morphology, activity, pathological protein aggregation, and transcriptomic changes of differentiated DA neurons. We observed significant decrease in the complexity of neurite network, increase of neuronal activity, and elevated tau- and α-synuclein (aSyn) pathologies after ATZ exposure. The ATZ-induced neuronal changes observed here align with pathological characteristics in Parkinson's disease (PD). Transcriptomic analysis further corroborates our findings; and collectively provides a strong evidence base that low-concentration ATZ exposure during development can elicit increased risk of neurodegeneration.

The development and application of a localised metric for estimating daylighting potential in floor plate

In this study, daylight and its role in designing office floor layouts, given its notable effect on work environment productivity and well-being have been considered. In this research, existing daylight metrics, like sUDI, have been challenged and both employees' preferences and the geographical characteristics of an office floor layout have been re-developed developing a localized metric that includes. Methodology of this research is quantitative and it is basically has been done through comparison of before and after changes that specific indices have created. First, local features have been derived based on the climatic and cultural conditions of a particular ecosystem (land, country, or region). Spotted Geometric Potential for Daylighting (sGPD), which includes ideal locations in terms of daylighting quality for building elements such as furniture or stairs has been specified. As such, GPD includes employee preferences and geographical specifications to form complex and asymmetric plans. This study builds on existing research by improving dynamic daylight metrics (such as sUDI) based on geometrical features and users' preferences to provide a new tool for designing an office floorplate. As a case study, the optimum dimensions of a sample L-shape plan in Tehran have been measured by a GPD 2.12. It also includes the priorities of employees for having a maximum view of the outside by 77%.

Comparison of Formwork use in Building X Project in Surabaya City

The Value Engineering method is a method that analyzes the problems of a project through a systematic and organized approach by eliminating unnecessary costs without reducing the function, appearance, quality, and reliability of the project. The object x building, which has an estimated project value of IDR 42,812,329,371 in structural work. With the estimated value of the work costing a lot, it is, therefore, necessary to make efforts to streamline costs by using the value engineering method; this study aims to choose an alternative material for it. This research method uses a Pareto chart to find the highest work value. The results of this study indicate that the beam work is priced at IDR 15,088,457,899, floor plate work of IDR 12,530,471,281, column work of IDR 10,228,438,679. The results of the analysis of alternative structural calculations using semi-system formwork and full system formwork, which initially used conventional formwork, were simulated using alternative 1, namely semi-system formwork,k and by using alternative two full system formwork. The two alternatives are applied to column, beam and floor plate formwork. So, for this building, it is recommended to replace formwork because the conventional formwork used in this building incurs a large enough price, it is necessary to save on beam parts, and it is recommended to use full system formwork because the cost of beam formwork using full system formwork is IDR 134,950 per square meter. For the floor plate formwork, it is recommended to use a full floor plate formwork system because the cost per square meter is IDR 202,360. And for columns, it is recommended to use full system formwork because the cost of column formwork if using full system formwork is IDR 115,290. And from the use of all the full-system formwork for structural work, a total cost of IDR 40,312,992,291.32.

Minimum sensor grid density and configuration to enable CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation in an office building

CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) requires placement of CO2 sensors in air handling units (AHUs) as well as in individual zones. In complex multi-zone systems or across building portfolios, the installation and maintenance costs of these sensors are non-negligible. This study explores how CO2 sensor grids can be configured in a sparser manner to allow for CO2-based DCV of spaces adjacent to zones with CO2 sensors that may not have sensing infrastructure themselves. A simulation-based study of a 26-zone office building was conducted under a variety of occupancy schedules, number and placement of zone-level CO2 sensors, and with and without motion detectors to determine how RP-1747 DCV impacted heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy use and zone CO2 concentrations when implemented traditionally or with adjacent control, for a total of 29,730 simulations. It was found that CO2 sensors installed in approximately 31% of zones could effectively enable CO2-based DCV across the entire floor plate with a negligible impact on the number of hours where CO2 concentrations were elevated, resulting in 7.3% to 17.4% higher HVAC energy savings compared to individual control of spaces in the case study building.

A novel mutation in intron 1 of Wnt1 causes developmental loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and ASD-like behaviors in rats

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic liability. Despite extensive studies, however, the underlying pathogenic mechanism still remains elusive. In the present study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the intron 1 of Wnt1 via large-scale screening of ASD risk/causative genes and verified that this mutation created a new splicing donor site in the intron 1, and consequently, a decrease of WNT1 expression. Interestingly, humanized rat models harboring this mutation exhibited robust ASD-like behaviors including impaired ultrasonic vocalization (USV), decreased social interactions, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Moreover, in the substantia nigra compacta (SNpc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mutant rats, dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons were dramatically lost, together with a comparable decrease in striatal DAergic fibers. Furthermore, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that the decreased DAergic neurons in these midbrain areas might attribute to a shift of the boundary of the local pool of progenitor cells from the hypothalamic floor plate to the midbrain floor plate during the early embryonic stage. Moreover, treatments of mutant rats with levodopa could attenuate the impaired USV and social interactions almost completely, but not the restricted and repetitive behaviors. Our results for the first time documented that the developmental loss of DAergic neurons in the midbrain underlies the pathogenesis of ASD, and that the abnormal progenitor cell patterning is a cellular underpinning for this developmental DAergic neuronal loss. Importantly, the effective dopamine therapy suggests a translational significance in the treatment of ASD.

Insights into the mechanisms of neuron generation and specification in the zebrafish ventral spinal cord.

The vertebrate nervous system is composed of a wide range of neurons and complex synaptic connections, raising the intriguing question of how neuronal diversity is generated. The spinal cord provides an excellent model for exploring the mechanisms governing neuronal diversity due to its simple neural network and the conserved molecular processes involved in neuron formation and specification during evolution. This review specifically examines two distinct progenitor domains present in the zebrafish ventral spinal cord: the lateral floor plate (LFP) and the p2 progenitor domain. The LFP is responsible for the production of GABAergic Kolmer-Agduhr neurons (KA″), glutamatergic V3 neurons, and intraspinal serotonergic neurons, while the p2 domain generates V2 precursors that subsequently differentiate into three unique subpopulations of V2 neurons, namely glutamatergic V2a, GABAergic V2b, and glycinergic V2s. Based on recent findings, we will examine the fundamental signaling pathways and transcription factors that play a key role in the specification of these diverse neurons and neuronal subtypes derived from the LFP and p2 progenitor domains.

Redesign Struktur Gedung Madrasah Aliyah Madrasatul Qur’an Tebuireng Jombang Dengan Penggunaan Beton Pracetak

Precast concrete is a concrete structure construction technology with more printed components in the factory. Here the researcher takes into account to determine the planning of structural elements using precast concrete and its connections. The Madrasatul Qur'an MA Building in Nanggungan Village was used as the object of research to take into account floor plates, beams and columns, with reference to SNI 2847 – 2019, aspects of repetition, connections on beams, columns (Crobel) and floor plates. The calculation results on a 20 cm thick plate + overtoping with repeating plates of dimensions of 15 cm and 5 cm, overtoping using pedestal reinforcement D8 – 135 mm in the X direction, using wermesh D8 – 135 mm on the pedestal in the Y direction. planned 2 models of beam dimensions of 40 cm x 60 cm, upper reinforcement 5 D16 pedestal, 4 D16 field, lower reinforcement 4 D16 pedestal, 5 D16 pitch, Ø 10 – 150 fulcrum, Ø 10 – 150 pitch, waist reinforcement 2 D13 fulcrum, 2 D13. Beam model 2 upper reinforcement 3 D16 pedestal, 3 D16 pitch, rebar Ø 10 – 150 fulcrum, Ø 10 – 150 pitch, waist reinforcement 2 Ø 13 fulcrum, 2 Ø 13 pitch. The connection between the beam and the plate relies on a pedestal mounted lengthwise, the connection of the column beam uses a short console.