Floor Plate Research Articles

EXPANSION OF THE READING SPACE BUILDING TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION FOR COMMUNITY CHILDREN BELAWAN NELAYAN

The condition of the reading hut, which only has the pillars of non-structural wood which has a short wooden life, requires the community to periodically replace the rotten wood pillars. Of course this will take a lot of time and costs. Children and adults at the service location have good reading interests. They routinely visit the floating reading hut, but lately people's interest has diminished because the condition of the floating library is not feasible. The woods of the floating library building are decayed and not suitable to be occupied. Especially the foundation or pillar of the building can no longer be able to survive firmly. These things are the background of the community service activities team to choose the location to be able to apply civil engineering in making foundation or as a pillar of the floating library building of Belawan Fishermen's Village. The main thing and priority that becomes the problem in theFishermen Village which is the service partner is the reading hut that is used by the children of the Belawan Fishermen Village whose capacity is inadequate. The reading lodge does not have a terrace that can be used by local children to play and learn. In addition, the terrace can be used to prevent rainwaterfrom entering the main room of the reading cottage. The solution offered in this program is the expansion of the reading hut in the form of a decent terrace to be used by the children of the Belawan Fishermen Village community to learn and play. The expansion of the reading hut consists of concrete pile foundations and floor plates from wooden planks or plywood boards with zinc roofs.

A Spatiotemporal Sequence of Sensitization to Slits and Semaphorins Orchestrates Commissural Axon Navigation

Accurate perception of guidance cues is crucial for cell and axon migration. During initial navigation in the spinal cord, commissural axons are kept insensitive to midline repellents. Upon midline crossing in the floor plate, they switch on responsiveness to Slit and Semaphorin repulsive signals and are thus propelled away and prevented from crossing back. Whether and how the different midline repellents control specific aspects of this navigation remain tobe elucidated. We set up a paradigm for live-imaging and super-resolution analysis of PlexinA1, Neuropilin-2, and Robo1/2 receptor dynamics during commissural growth cone navigation in chick and mouse embryos. We uncovered a remarkable program of sensitization to midline cues achieved byunique spatiotemporal sequences of receptor allocation at the growth-cone surface that orchestrates receptor-specific growth-cone behavior changes. This reveals post-translational mechanisms whereby coincident guidance signals are temporally resolved to allow the generation of specific guidance responses.

A Ladder At Its Core

The ladder-core system is a novel structural system for supertall towers that was created by SOM for Tower 1 at Shum Yip Upperhills, a mixed-use development in Shenzhen, China. The system features eight megacolumns at the perimeter that form the vertical rails of the ladders on the four corners of the core. Composite coupling beams—the ladder rungs—connect the megacolumns to the interior core, creating a comprehensive lateral system that allows for unobstructed occupant views, simplicity of the floor plates, and inherent structural stability.

Negative Regulation of mTOR Signaling Restricts Cell Proliferation in the Floor Plate.

The neural tube is composed of a number of neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons distributed in a quantitatively and spatially precise manner. The floor plate, located in the ventral-most region of the neural tube, has a lot of unique characteristics, including a low cell proliferation rate. The mechanisms by which this region-specific proliferation rate is regulated remain elusive. Here we show that the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates the proliferation of the neural progenitor cells, is significantly lower in the floor plate than in other domains of the embryonic neural tube. We identified the forkhead-type transcription factor FoxA2 as a negative regulator of mTOR signaling in the floor plate, and showed that FoxA2 transcriptionally induces the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF152, which together with its substrate RagA, regulates cell proliferation via the mTOR pathway. Silencing of RNF152 led to the aberrant upregulation of the mTOR signal and aberrant cell division in the floor plate. Taken together, the present findings suggest that floor plate cell number is controlled by the negative regulation of mTOR signaling through the activity of FoxA2 and its downstream effector RNF152.

New rhenopyrgid edrioasteroids (Echinodermata) and their implications for taxonomy, functional morphology, and paleoecology

AbstractRhenopyrgids are rare, turreted edrioasterid edrioasteroids from the lower Paleozoic with a distinctive and apparently conservative morphology. However, new, well-preserved rhenopyrgid edrioasteroid material from Canada, along with a review of described taxa, has revealed broader structural diversity in the oral surface and enabled a re-evaluation of rhenopyrgid functional morphology and paleoecology.The floor plates inRhenopyrgus vivianin. sp.,R.coronaeformisRievers, 1961 and,R.flosKlug et al., 2008 are well fused to each other and the interradial oral plate and lack obvious sutures, thereby forming a single compound interradial plate. This differs from other rhenopyrgids where sutures are more apparent. Such fused oral surface construction is only otherwise seen in some derived edrioblastoids and in the cyathocystids, suggesting homoplasy.Our analysis further suggests that the suboral constriction could contract but the flexible pyrgate zone could not. Thus, specimens apparently lacking a sub-oral constriction should not necessarily be placed in separate genera within the Rhenopyrgidae. It also supports rhenopyrgids as epifaunal mud-stickers with only the bulbous, textured, entire holdfasts (coriaceous sacs) anchored within the substrate rather than as burrow dwellers or encrusters.Rhenopyrgus vivianin. sp. is described from the Telychian (lower Silurian) Jupiter Formation of Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada and is differentiated by a high degree of morphological variability of pedunculate plates, broader oral plates, and narrower distal ambulacral zones. Specimens lacking or with obscured diagnostic plates from the Ordovician of Montagne Noire, France, and the Ordovician and Silurian of Girvan, Scotland are also described.UUID:http://zoobank.org/7f81d67f-4155-4719-8a45-b278ad70739d

SLOPE HANDLING DESIGN PIHANIN BRIDGE PANDAN SARI VILLAGE HULU SUNGAI SELATAN REGENCY

The road leading to the village of Pandan Sari, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, is one of the important infrastructures for the community's economy in the village of Pandan Sari. The occurrence of landslides causes the transportation line to be cut off so that it needs to be repaired, the construction used to replace the road is a slab pile bridge because the implementation is quite easy and the construction costs are relatively cheap. This bridge has a 86 m span with the bridge class is a special class C with a traffic width of 5.5 m and a sidewalk of 0.25 m. The purpose of this final project is to obtain a construction design that is safe, qualified and economical in its manufacture.This design includes planning the upper structure, lower structure, and bridge foundation. Where the imposition of upper and lower building structures refers to RSNI T-02-2005, Calculation of loading is assisted by using SAP2000 software. Floor plate planning uses the Bittner method and the plate is considered as a 1 m wide beam. So that the biggest styles are used between the two methods. Quality specifications of U-32 main reinforcement steel (fy 320 MPa) quality of U-24 divider and shear reinforcement steel (fy 240 MPa). On the slab used concrete with fc '35 MPa quality. Whereas on the back and lower structure concrete is used with fc '30 MPa quality). Then proceed with analysis of slope stability against safety factors in conditions before and after the reinforcement.From the calculation results obtained 25 cm floor plate design D19-80 main reinforcement and divider reinforcement Ø16-100. In the abutment foundation, used manufacturing poles in the form of PC class B spun pile 30 cm in diameter as many as 12 poles, for 4 slab pile slabs (voute 1), and 6 poles per transverse beam (voute 2) ) Obtained bearing capacity (757.64 kN)> pile style (181.41 kN) and lateral carrying capacity (250.870 kN)> lateral force (95.76 kN). SF (Safety Factor) obtained before the reinforcement is 0.983 and after the strengthening is obtained 2.684.Keywords: Bridge, reinforced concrete, pile slab, abutment, pile.

DESIGN OF PERKUWEN BRIDGE PART WAY LONG IKIS-LAMBAKAN PASER TANA PASER REGENCY PROVINCE EAST KALIMANTAN

Long Kali is a sub-district of Paser Tana Paser Regency Prov. East Kalimantan. In this sub-district have two village separate by a river, that is Perkuwen river, there is bridge has a broke. Whereas the village very needed a bridge because it is used as a transportation infrastructure for peoples and also passed by vehicles transporting oil palm yields . Therefore, the design of composite bridges made with spans 25 m and 7 m wide bridge.In this plan the analysis of Standard methods of loading refers to the bridge imposition For RSNI T-02-2005 about composite bridge structure design method, refers to RSNI T-03-2005 about Steel Structural Design For Bridge, SNI 03-1729-2002 about Steel Structures Planning Procedures and SNI 03-2847-2002 about Concrete Structures Calculation for Building.The result is used the main girder profile SH 950 x 400 x 16 x 32 and diaphragm WF 400 x 200 x 8 x 13. Vehicle floor plate thickness 20 cm using quality concrete 30 MPa and quality reinforcing steel reinforcement 360 MPa with subject dividers reinforcement D22- 100 and D12-100 mm. In using concrete pavement 30 MPa D22-100 mm staple reinforcement and shear reinforcement rebars quality D12-100 mm 360 MPa. Concrete abutment in the form 25 MPa at 2 m height and length of 8,5 m. Steel pipe pile foundations quality 25 MPa are 16 pieces with a length of 10 meters and a diameter of 0.4 m.Keyword: Bridge, composite, steel pipe pile.

Slit/Robo signals prevent spinal motor neuron emigration by organizing the spinal cord basement membrane.

The developing spinal cord builds a boundary between the CNS and the periphery, in the form of a basement membrane. The spinal cord basement membrane is a barrier that retains CNS neuron cell bodies, while being selectively permeable to specific axon types. Spinal motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ventral neural tube next to the floor plate and project their axons out through the basement membrane to peripheral targets. However, little is known about how spinal motor neuron cell bodies are retained inside the ventral neural tube, while their axons can exit. In previous work, we found that disruption of Slit/Robo signals caused motor neuron emigration outside the spinal cord. In the current study, we investigate how Slit/Robo signals are necessary to keep spinal motor neurons within the neural tube. Our findings show that when Slit/Robo signals were removed from motor neurons, they migrated outside the spinal cord. Furthermore, this emigration was associated with abnormal basement membrane protein expression in the ventral spinal cord. Using Robo2 and Slit2 conditional mutants, we found that motor neuron-derived Slit/Robo signals were required to set up a normal basement membrane in the spinal cord. Together, our results suggest that motor neurons produce Slit signals that are required for the basement membrane assembly to retain motor neuron cell bodies within the spinal cord.

Critical roles of ARHGAP36 as a signal transduction mediator of Shh pathway in lateral motor columnar specification.

During spinal cord development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), secreted from the floor plate, plays an important role in the production of motor neurons by patterning the ventral neural tube, which establishes MN progenitor identity. It remains unknown, however, if Shh signaling plays a role in generating columnar diversity of MNs that connect distinct target muscles. Here, we report that Shh, expressed in MNs, is essential for the formation of lateral motor column (LMC) neurons in vertebrate spinal cord. This novel activity of Shh is mediated by its downstream effector ARHGAP36, whose expression is directly induced by the MN-specific transcription factor complex Isl1-Lhx3. Furthermore, we found that AKT stimulates the Shh activity to induce LMC MNs through the stabilization of ARHGAP36 proteins. Taken together, our data reveal that Shh, secreted from MNs, plays a crucial role in generating MN diversity via a regulatory axis of Shh-AKT-ARHGAP36 in the developing mouse spinal cord.

Enhancing Workplace Design through Advanced Floor Plate Analytics

Organizations increasingly value their workplaces as important to their success through stimulating collaboration and innovation, enhancing morale and engagement, and supporting health and wellness. This paper introduces methods Zaha Hadid Architects developed using in-house algorithmic floor plate analytics tools to measure the potential impact of design decisions on occupant experience. These tools support and guide design teams, not only by simulating the effectiveness of design proposals, but also by assisting in the development of multiple design options and their rapid evaluation. This essay outlines how these tools provide invaluable insights into how subtle changes in spatial design influence productivity, wellness, and collaboration. This allows the development of better office floor plates and space plans that more closely match multiple criteria early in the design process, resulting in buildings that can suit a diversity of individuals’ needs more than ever before.

Hindbrain neurovascular anatomy of adult goldfish (Carassius auratus).

The goldfish hindbrain develops from a segmented (rhombomeric) neuroepithelial scaffold, similar to other vertebrates. Motor, reticular and other neuronal groups develop in specific segmental locations within this rhombomeric framework. Teleosts are unique in possessing a segmental series of unpaired, midline central arteries that extend from the basilar artery and penetrate the pial midline of each hindbrain rhombomere (r). This study demonstrates that the rhombencephalic arterial supply of the brainstem forms in relation to the neural segments they supply. Midline central arteries penetrate the pial floor plate and branch within the neuroepithelium near the ventricular surface to form vascular trees that extend back towards the pial surface. This intramural branching pattern has not been described in any other vertebrate, with blood flow in a ventriculo-pial direction, vastly different than the pial-ventricular blood flow observed in most other vertebrates. Each central arterial stem penetrates the pial midline and ascends through the floor plate, giving off short transverse paramedian branches that extend a short distance into the adjoining basal plate to supply ventromedial areas of the brainstem, including direct supply of reticulospinal neurons. Robust r3 and r8 central arteries are significantly larger and form a more interconnected network than any of the remaining hindbrain vascular stems. The r3 arterial stem has extensive vascular branching, including specific vessels that supply the cerebellum, trigeminal motor nucleus located in r2/3 and facial motoneurons found in r6/7. Results suggest that some blood vessels may be predetermined to supply specific neuronal populations, even traveling outside of their original neurovascular territories in order to supply migrated neurons.

Ankrd45 Is a Novel Ankyrin Repeat Protein Required for Cell Proliferation.

Ankyrin repeats, the most common protein–protein interaction motifs in nature, are widely present in proteins of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Ankyrin repeat-containing proteins play diverse biological functions. Here, we identified the gene ankrd45, which encodes a novel, two ankyrin repeat-containing protein. Zebrafish ankrd45 displayed a tissue specific expression pattern during early development, with high expression in ciliated tissues, including otic vesicles, Kupffer’s vesicles, pronephric ducts, and floor plates. Surprisingly, zebrafish ankrd45 mutants were viable and developed grossly normal cilia. In contrast, mutant larvae developed enlarged livers when induced with liver specific expression of KrasG12V, one of the common mutations of KRAS that leads to cancer in humans. Further, histological analysis suggested that multiple cysts developed in the mutant liver due to cell apoptosis. Similarly, knockdown of ANKRD45 expression with either siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 methods induced apoptosis in cultured cells, similar to those in zebrafish ankrd45 mutant livers after induction. Using different cell lines, we show that the distribution of ANKRD45 protein was highly dynamic during mitosis. ANKRD45 is preferably localized to the midbody ring during cytokinesis. Together, our results suggest that ANKRD45 is a novel ankyrin repeat protein with a conserved role during cell proliferation in both zebrafish embryos and mammalian cells.

Point-Focusing of Shear-Horizontal Wave Using Fan-Shaped Periodic Permanent Magnet Focusing Coils EMAT for Plate Inspection

Ultrasonic guided wave testing method is very effective in safety monitoring of complex structures, such as large-scale tank floor and industrial metal plate. The fundamental shear horizontal (SH) wave mode with the Lorentz force mechanism has the advantage that the propagation velocity does not change with the frequency. However, it is hard to recognize the dispersed ultrasonic signal accurately due to the bidirectional propagation characteristics of the SH guided wave. Therefore, a new transducer structure with a fan-shaped periodic permanent magnet (PPM) and centripetal conductor has been designed to achieve guided wave focusing and signal enhancement. Compared with the traditional transducers, the new-designed transducer has been proved to be more effective in energy focusing on the simulation and experimental verification. For the new structure of the transducer, the aperture angle, focusing radius, and coil rotation angle are studied in detail in this paper. The results show that, as the aperture angle and the coil rotation angle decrease, the signal intensity becomes higher at the focusing position. Moreover, as the focal radius increases, the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals on the focusing side and the divergent side will decrease, while the difference between the two sides will increase exponentially. In the defect detection in this paper, the reflected signal intensity of the new-designed fan-shaped PPM focusing coils electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is approximately two times that of the traditional parallel PPM parallel coils EMAT. Therefore, the newly designed EMAT is of great significance for the signal enhancement.

Energy modeling of a supertall building using simulated 600 m weather file data

Assessing the energy performance of supertall buildings often does not consider variations in energy consumption due to the change of environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, and wind speed associated with differing elevations. Some modelers account for these changing conditions by using a conventional temperature lapse rate, but not many studies confirm to the appropriateness of applying it to tall buildings. This paper presents and discusses simulated annual energy consumption results from a 600 m tall skyscraper floor plate located in Dubai, UAE, assessed using ground level weather data, a conventional temperature lapse rate of 6.5°C/km, and more accurate simulated 600 m weather data. A typical office floorplate, with ASHRAE90.1-2010 standards and systems applied, was evaluated using the EnergyPlus engine through the OpenStudio graphical user interface. The results presented in this paper indicate that by using ground level weather data, energy consumption at the top of the building can be overestimated by upwards of 4%. Furthermore, by only using a lapse rate, heating energy is overestimatedby up to 96% due to local weather phenomenon such as temperature inversion, which can only be conveyed using simulated weather data. In addition, sizing and energy consumption of fans, which are dependent both on wind and atmospheric pressure, are not accurately captured using a temperature lapse rate. These results show that that it is important, with the ever increasing construction of supertall buildings, to be able to account for variations in climatic conditions along the height of the building. Adequately modeling these conditions using simulated weather data will help designers and engineers correctly size mechanical systems, potentially decreasing overall building energy consumption, and ensuring that these systems are able to provide the necessary indoor conditions to maintain occupant comfort levels.

Analisis Perbandingan Metode Desain Pelat Beton Konvensional Terhadap Slab Steel Deck Komposit

Like other structures, floor slabs also develop over time. The shorter time demands of work with lower costs are one reason for the development of structures in the construction of houses. Floor plate work can be done with two methods The conventional floor tiles of many multilevel buildings use reinforcement to bear the positive moment. While for carrying positive reinforcement, other materials can be used, namely Steel Deck Slab which will cause a composite action on the plate. The research has been conducted on the design of composite steel decks in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find out and compare the Capacity Efficiency of the conventional plate design and the composite Composite Steel Deck Slab with variations in plate thickness 8, 10 and 12 cm and compare the nominal moment of the cross section. By comparing these two types of plates the design engineer can determine the optimal dimensions.

Do orbital floor plates adequately protect against serious secondary injury?

Reconstruction of the orbital floor is common in cases of trauma and a variety of alloplastic materials, including titanium, can be used. However, we know of no reports about what happens to these materials if there is a second injury to the surgical site. This pilot study on six human cadavers (12 orbits) was therefore designed to investigate the possible outcomes should this occur. A “blowout fracture” was created in each orbit, which was then repaired using a preformed titanium implant. In two orbits, two implants were placed without fixation. The remaining implants were secured to the anterior orbital floor with a single screw, which was placed laterally or medially. A second impact sufficient to fracture the zygomaticomaxillary complex was then applied and its effect on the implants noted.

Boc Acts via Numb as a Shh-Dependent Endocytic Platform for Ptch1 Internalization and Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance

During development, Shh attracts commissural axons toward the floor plate through a non-canonical, transcription-independent signaling pathway that requiresthe receptor Boc. Here, we find that Shh inducesBoc internalization into early endosomes and that endocytosis is required for Shh-mediated growth-cone turning. Numb, an endocytic adaptor, binds to Boc and is required for Boc internalization, Shh-mediated growth-cone turning invitro, and commissural axon guidance invivo. Similar to Boc, Ptch1 is also internalized by Shh in a Numb-dependent manner; however, the binding of Shh to Ptch1 alone is not sufficient to induce Ptch1 internalization nor growth-cone turning. Therefore, the binding of Shh to Boc is required for Ptch1 internalization and growth-cone turning. Our data support a model where Boc endocytosis via Numb is required for Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling in axon guidance. Thus, Boc acts as a Shh-dependent endocytic platform gating Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling.

RNA Profiling of the Human and Mouse Spinal Cord Stem Cell Niches Reveals an Embryonic-like Regionalization with MSX1+ Roof-Plate-Derived Cells.

SummaryAnamniotes, rodents, and young humans maintain neural stem cells in the ependymal zone (EZ) around the central canal of the spinal cord, representing a possible endogenous source for repair in mammalian lesions. Cell diversity and genes specific for this region are ill defined. A cellular and molecular resource is provided here for the mouse and human EZ based on RNA profiling, immunostaining, and fluorescent transgenic mice. This uncovered the conserved expression of 1,200 genes including 120 transcription factors. Unexpectedly the EZ maintains an embryonic-like dorsal-ventral pattern of expression of spinal cord developmental transcription factors (ARX, FOXA2, MSX1, and PAX6). In mice, dorsal and ventral EZ cells express Vegfr3 and are derived from the embryonic roof and floor plates. The dorsal EZ expresses a high level of Bmp6 and Gdf10 genes and harbors a subpopulation of radial quiescent cells expressing MSX1 and ID4 transcription factors.

Modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease in midbrain-like organoids

Modeling Parkinson’s disease (PD) using advanced experimental in vitro models is a powerful tool to study disease mechanisms and to elucidate unexplored aspects of this neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we demonstrate that three-dimensional (3D) differentiation of expandable midbrain floor plate neural progenitor cells (mfNPCs) leads to organoids that resemble key features of the human midbrain. These organoids are composed of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs), which produce and secrete dopamine. Midbrain-specific organoids derived from PD patients carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation recapitulate disease-relevant phenotypes. Automated high-content image analysis shows a decrease in the number and complexity of mDANs in LRRK2-G2019S compared to control organoids. The floor plate marker FOXA2, required for mDAN generation, increases in PD patient-derived midbrain organoids, suggesting a neurodevelopmental defect in mDANs expressing LRRK2-G2019S. Thus, we provide a robust method to reproducibly generate 3D human midbrain organoids containing mDANs to investigate PD-relevant patho-mechanisms.

Identification of Damaged Infrastructure on Sheet Pile Musi at Palembang City

Sheet pile infrastructure is an aquatic infrastructure that serves as a retaining wall. The tour located on the banks of the river Musi Palembang that has been functioning until now has not been held further maintenance. Seen on the condition of the building now in some parts of the structure there is damage. The purpose of this research is to know the existing condition of sheet pile based on physical damage condition of sheet pile which is observed from the classification of condition. The method used is direct survey method to know the existing condition visually. From this research it is found that the biggest percentage of minor damage is found in pile structure component 13,953% at 11-14 Ulu and for floor plate 11,103% is in plaster 16 Ilir.