Flat Form Research Articles

DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS FOR BENDING: COMPARISON OF STRENGTH VALUES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF THE ORIENTATION OF A TEST SAMPLE

The estimation of various methods of determining of strong characteristics of glass samples is carried out. The method of the research of glass samples with the orientation of the widerside of the cross-section of the sample, in contrastto the different research methods based on thevertical orientation of the wider side of the crosssection of the sample. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of ordinary sheet glass when tested for bending, and the bending strength itself is determined. Statistical analysis of theobtained results was performed using the twoparametric Weibull distribution.The object of the study was to determine the strength characteristics, which by standard methods complicates the process of making standard samples and leads to a large welcome material. For the research, the optimal technologies of manufacturing and consumption of materials of research samples were developed.The method of studying the strength of glass at three-point bends was used, and to determine the modulus of elasticity used methods to determine its relative deformations using strain gauges and deflections. The statistical method for estimating strength was the two parametric Weibulldistribution.The result confirms the feasibility of using the recommended approach for the manufacture and testing of test specimens to determine their strength, which is an additional reduction in costs as a material. The use of the Weibull statisticaldistribution allowed the characteristic values of strength that developed for individual series of samples with sufficient accuracy.The study confirmed the feasibility of further research on the stability of flat glass elements and the use of accurate methods for determining the modulus of elasticity of glass. The result of the evaluation of the influence of the orientation of the samples on the experimental stand and the influence of the flat form of deformation of the value of strength and modulus of elasticity in vertically oriented samples is obtained. 

Effects of Gamification on the Students' Engagement and Behavior in English 11

This study aimed to determine the effect of gamification on the students’ engagement and behavior in English 11. It sought to answer the following questions, the level of gamification components in terms of design, audio effect, and visual effect; the level of the students’ engagement in terms of attention, interest, optimism, and the level of the students’ behavior in terms of task-orientation, self-regulation, time management, the significant effect between gamification component and students’ engagement, lastly the significant effect between gamification component and students’ behavior in English 11 of the selected Grade 11 Senior High students of STI Campus at Sta. Cruz, Laguna. The descriptive method of research was used to analyze the data systematically. The number of respondents that are used in this study was one hundred seventy (170) respondents, they were selected through stratified random sampling. At the time the actual correlational study was conducted to use as a sampled respondent in the present study from two hundred ninety-eight (298) populations from STI Campus at Sta. Cruz, Laguna. The most enjoyed gamification component of presentation software identified by the respondents was visual effects which rated 4.27 followed by design which rated 4.26 both are Highly Appropriate and lastly is Sound Effects rated 4.16 Appropriate. The respondents acknowledged Optimism as the most effective for students’ engagement which is rated 4.23 as Very High followed by Interest which is rated 4.19 then Attention rated 4.17 both Interest and Attention got High interpretation. Also, the respondents identify Self-regulation as the most effective for students’ behavior which is rated 4.21 as Highly Favorable followed by Task-orientation which is rated 4.15 as Favorable, and then time management rated 4.11 also Favorable. Gamification had a “significant effect” on both students’ engagement and behavior in Eglish 11. The hypothesis that there is no significant effect between gamification and students’ engagement at the same time the second hypothesis that there is no significant effect between gamification and students' behavior is also “rejected”. Gamification had a “significant effect” on both students’ engagement and students’ behavior in English 11. Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the researcher has arrived at the following recommendations. (1) The students may also study how they will apply gamification during their reporting schedule to make their presentations more engaging at the same time fun and exciting. The students can also gamify the activities they will prepare for class after their report so their classmates will be excited to participate. It is better if the students will learn more about gamification for it will also develop their creativity, patience, and critical thinking skills. (2) Teachers may use gamified PowerPoint presentations in their online teaching instead of using another online flat form for the benefit of those students who do not have a strong internet connection. In this way every student will learn effectively all together and at the same time they will have sense of enjoyment while they were learning so therefore, they will actively participate in their class discussion and activities even though they were separated by distance. (3) The school in partnership with their respective division may conduct seminars for the teachers to learn how to make gamified learning strategies. PowerPoint presentation explicitly has many pictures that can help teachers make their teaching strategy more interactive. It is a great help for the teachers to learn those things through sets of seminars so the teacher will gain sufficient skills and knowledge about gamification. Gamification is one of the best strategies to level up and make learning not only getting important information into the head of the students but also helping them to have excitement and enjoyment that as a youth they truly needed, especially in the midst of this pandemic. The teacher and the educational department must go hand in hand to develop the teaching strategy using gamification for it will not just produce intellectual students but students with good skills about their knowledge at the same time active, enthusiastic and strategic ones who know how to solve and overcome life challenges. Through gamification of learning the students are given the essential tools to tackle challenges that they might otherwise find tough when game principles and techniques are used to educational settings. When difficulties are tackled through gamification, students' engagement and productivity improve because it allows them to focus and think more freely outside the box. (4) It is highly recommended that future researchers who are interested to study gamification how it conduct a Qualitative type of research, and must prepare good qualitative questions and possible interviews to get more personal and precise answers.

SMC Development Guidelines for Axial Flux PM Machines Employing Coreless Rotor Structure for Enhancing Efficiency Based on Experimental Results

In recent years, there has been growing demand for flat electrical machines in order to minimize system size while also maintaining high efficiency. In general, axial flux machines (AFMs) are more suitable for flat form than radial flux machines (RFMs). AFMs usually employ a soft magnetic composite (SMC) for the stator core, and their efficiency can be improved by employing an SMC that has low iron loss. However, this reduces the average torque because there is generally a tradeoff relationship between iron loss and magnetic permeability in SMCs. This article, therefore, proposes an AFM with a coreless rotor structure in which the torque performance is not easily affected by the permeability of the SMC. This article aims to reveal the ideal SMC characteristics for high efficiency in AFMs. First, many virtual SMC materials with different iron loss and permeability are used for simulations of AFMs in order to investigate sensitivity to material properties. The simulations by virtual SMCs take into account the experimental increase in the iron loss. As a result, guidelines for developing SMCs are constructed based on the experimental results. Finally, prototype AFMs employing new SMCs developed by following the guidelines are shown, and it is found that they offer higher efficiency in all operating area than conventional AFMs. In particular, one prototype achieves an extremely high efficiency of over 96% at 6000 r/min, 0.8 Nm in experiments.

Analisa kepastian hukum terhadap kepemilikan unit rumah susun yang belum memperoleh sertifikat hak milik

Along with the increasing need for residents to find jobs that provide better income in the city, this has had an impact on increasing the need for housing. On the one hand, the availability of affordable land and housing is a problem for the urban population explosion. For this reason, the effort to build flats is a priority for housing procurement, considering the large number of residents who need a place to live. With consideration of affordable prices, the construction of flats for middle-class residents while still paying attention to the standardization of decent, healthy, and comfortable housing. Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats (UU Rumah Susun) in Article 24 explains that the construction of flats must comply with technical and administrative provisions and UUPK concerning the rights of residents buying flats to obtain a certificate which must be fulfilled according to the agreed agreement. The problem that occurs is that in fact, the flats are commercial in nature, both in the form of flats and apartments in several areas, many of which the owners have not yet obtained a certificate of ownership of the flats. With regard to this fact, after the flats are sold and bought by the public, the buyer is entitled to the part that has been sold, and the developer cannot own it.How to cite item: Binsneyder, M Oktarina, NF (2022). Analisa kepastian hukum terhadap kepemilikan unit rumah susun yang belum memperoleh sertifikat hak milik. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum,13(1).doi:10.26905/idjch.v13i1.7441.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMER OWNER OF FLAT ON WITHDRAWAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTIONS (IPL) ACCORDING TO GOVERNOR REGULATION NO. 133 OF 2019

This paper discusses the legal protection of consumers of apartment owners for the withdrawal of environmental management fees (IPL) in accordance with Governor Regulation No. 133 of 2019. The approach method used in this legal research is a normative juridical approach which is supported by empirical juridical by detailing the description, namely a research that begins deductively analyzing the articles in the legislation. The construction of flats in Indonesia is based on Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats, the law also requires that if the apartment unit already has occupants or has been occupied, it is required to form an association of flat occupants. This obligation must be carried out by the occupants and by the development organizer, which means that every construction of a flat unit is required to form an Association of Residents of Flats (P3SRS) which is a legal entity. The researcher found the problem that the need for legal protection for residents of apartment units in the field of apartment management, there is a shopping center that was established based on Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats in the form of flats, and the Governor Regulation No. 133 of 2019 which has been established for a long time and formed an apartment unit, but has not yet formed an association that is a legal entity.

Flatness Based Control of a Novel Smart Exoskeleton Robot

This article presents the design, implementation, and validation of a novel robust control strategy based on variables transformation, i.e., transforming variables to obtain the triangular flat canonical normal form for nonlinear dynamic systems satisfying the flatness geometric property. A differential flatness, integrated with a geometrical transformation-based method, was developed to control an exoskeleton robot named smart robotic exoskeleton (SREx). The SREx was designed to provide upper limb rehabilitation therapy to the stroke survivors. The proposed flatness control technique ensures continuous enhanced trajectory tracking and the system’s high robustness during following a trajectory representing rehabilitation exercises. Furthermore, utilizing the Lyapunov theory, all signals were shown to be bounded in the closed-loop form. Experiments and comparative studies were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Controlled experiments were further conducted using healthy subjects, maneuvering the SERx to provide rehabilitation exercise and to validate the control scheme in real-time.

Формирование коаксиальных полей остаточных напряжений в полотне круглой пилы

The working tool of machines with circular cutting units is a circular saw, the condition of which largely determines the quality of material processing. Circular saw blades in the process of operation are subjected to a complex effect of force and temperature factors that cause elongation and deformation of the saw blade, and the occurrence of internal stresses that take it out of the flat form of elastic balance and reduce the tool’s performance. The ability of saws to resist these factors is determined by the rigidity and stability of the saw blade. It is customary to consider a circular saw blade consisting of three zones: peripheral, middle and central. The middle part has the greatest influence on the stability of the saw blade. Initially, after manufacturing, the saw blade has a flat shape of balance, which can be disturbed by any external impact on the saw during the cutting process. The balance disturbance causes the blade and the cutting edge of the saw to deviate from the initial operating condition and reduce the accuracy and quality of wood processing. In order to prevent the influence of external forces, coaxial zones of plastic deformation of a certain width are formed in the middle part of the blade. In this case, under the influence of the created stresses, the effect of web tension appears. In world practice, two methods of forming such zones are used: forging and rolling. The creation of normalized stresses in the circular saw blade is carried out by local mechanical contact action of the working body of the saw tool on the steel saw blade in certain places of the middle zone. Compressive stresses compensating the forces of centrifugal acceleration, the thermal heating of individual zones of the saw blade, the external longitudinal and transverse bending forces that occur in the blade during wood processing are formed in the treated annular zones. The considered methods for creating annular zones of plastic deformation fields involving mechanical action on the saw blade have significant drawbacks, the elimination of which requires fundamentally new technical solutions. It is proposed to form coaxial fields of residual stresses of the saw blade by thermoplastic action consisting in creation of normalized residual stresses in the saw blade by concentrated thermal action on local annular zones coaxially located along the saw blade for the entire thickness of the saw. The formation of coaxial circular fields of residual stresses in the circular saw blade is simulated. The considered method of saw preparation will increase its stability in the process of operation.

Decay of Solutions to the Klein–Gordon Equation on Some Expanding Cosmological Spacetimes

The decay of solutions to the Klein–Gordon equation is studied in two expanding cosmological spacetimes, namelythe de Sitter universe in flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) form andthe cosmological region of the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RNdS) model. Using energy methods, for initial data with finite higher-order energies, decay rates for the solution are obtained. Also, a previously established decay rate of the time derivative of the solution to the wave equation, in an expanding de Sitter universe in flat FLRW form, is improved, proving Rendall’s conjecture. A similar improvement is also given for the wave equation in the cosmological region of the RNdS spacetime.

An Experimental Investigation into the Behavior of Steel-Timber Composite Beams

AbstractAn experimental study on the structural behavior of steel-timber composite beams is presented in this paper. The timber beams were reinforced with flat and channel-shaped cold form steel (C...

Highly stable electronic properties of rippled antimonene under compressive deformation

Antimonene has attracted much attention for its high carrier mobility and suitable band gap for electronic, optoelectronic, and even spintronic devices. To tailor its properties for such applications, strain engineering may be adopted. However, such two-dimensional (2D) crystals may prefer to exist in the rippled form because of the instability of long-range orders, and rippling has been shown to have a contrasting, significant impact on the electronic properties of various 2D materials, which complicates the tuning process. Hence, the effects of rippling on the electronic properties of antimonene under strain are herein investigated by comparing antimonene in its rippled and flat forms. Density functional theory calculations are performed to compute the structural and electronic parameters, where uniaxial compression of up to 7.5% is applied along the armchair and zigzag directions to study the anisotropic behavior of the material. Highly stable properties such as the work function and band gap are obtained for the rippled structures, where they are fully relaxed, regardless of the compression level, and these properties do not deviate much from those of the pristine structure under no strain. In contrast, various changes are observed in their flat counterparts. The mechanisms behind the different results are thoroughly explained by analyses of the density of states and structure geometry. The out-of-plane dipole moments of the rippled structures are also presented to give further insights into potential applications of rippled antimonene in sensors, actuators, triboelectric nanogenerators, etc. This work presents extensive data and thorough analysis on the effect of rippling on antimonene. The identification of optimal ripple amplitudes for which the electronic properties of the pristine condition can be recovered will be highly significant in guiding the rational design and architecture of antimonene-based devices.

Insight to Edifice of Moving Message Boards

The most significant means of communicating from a computer to an individual is moving message boards also called Text Electronic Display. It is an element of a sign that is capable of displaying words, symbols, figures, or images that electronically or mechanically change by remote or automatic means. It is based on light-emitting diodes and it is connected in an array flat form. It is useful for creating attention-getting messages presentations, advertisements and location identifiers. The 1024 counter enables the information to be displayed sequentially as desire. The driver unit uses transistor to amplify the signal strength of the counter output. The output unit enables the information to be displayed using light emitting diodes (LEDs). Micro-controller AT89C51 provides output to control the logic levels for the sixteen rows of 32 by 16 matrix edifice.

Imaging moir\xe9 deformation and dynamics in twisted bilayer graphene

In ‘magic angle’ twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) a flat band forms, yielding correlated insulator behavior and superconductivity. In general, the moiré structure in TBG varies spatially, influencing the overall conductance properties of devices. Hence, to understand the wide variety of phase diagrams observed, a detailed understanding of local variations is needed. Here, we study spatial and temporal variations of the moiré pattern in TBG using aberration-corrected Low Energy Electron Microscopy (AC-LEEM). We find a smaller spatial variation than reported previously. Furthermore, we observe thermal fluctuations corresponding to collective atomic displacements over 70 pm on a timescale of seconds. Remarkably, no untwisting is found up to 600 ∘C. We conclude that thermal annealing can be used to decrease local disorder. Finally, we observe edge dislocations in the underlying atomic lattice, the moiré structure acting as a magnifying glass. These topological defects are anticipated to exhibit unique local electronic properties.

Ultra-compact 3D-printed wide-angle cameras realized by multi-aperture freeform optical design.

Simultaneous realization of ultra-large field of view (FOV), large lateral image size, and a small form factor is one of the challenges in imaging lens design and fabrication. All combined this yields an extensive flow of information while conserving ease of integration where space is limited. Here, we present concepts, correction methods and realizations towards freeform multi-aperture wide-angle cameras fabricated by femtosecond direct laser writing (fsDLW). The 3D printing process gives us the design freedom to create 180° × 360° cameras with a flat form factor in the micrometer range by splitting the FOV into several apertures. Highly tilted and decentered non-rotational lens shapes as well as catadioptric elements are used in the optical design to map the FOV onto a flat surface in a Scheimpflug manner. We present methods to measure and correct freeform surfaces with up to 180° surface normals by confocal measurements, and iterative fabrication via fsDLW. Finally, approaches for digital distortion correction and image stitching are demonstrated and two realizations of freeform multi-aperture wide-angle cameras are presented.

Means of Air Bleed in the Working Process of a Pneumatic Percussion Mechanism for Construction, Installation and Reconstruction of Structures

The features of synthesized mechanisms with changes in the striker design elements represented as bypass channels made by straight broken lines and curved lines of at least second order of curvature on the side surface along the rod forming part of the stepped striker are considered in the paper. A physical and mathematical description and qualitative assessment of changes in air distribution processes during air bleed between working chambers are presented. Differences in description restrictions for the air bleed process when changing the shape of bypass channels made in the form of channel flats on the rod part of the stepped striker are shown. Differences in bypassing systems imply realization of different processes of force pulse formation in working chambers in pneumatic percussion mechanisms. A list of the constructive solutions’ considered variants directions in pneumatic machines of impact action on the machined medium with any acceptable values of energy parameters in the presence of appropriate equipment for compressed air supply by pressure and productivity is offered. The recommendations on the use of design solutions of the specified channels implementing shock and vibration working processes in the mechanisms of pneumatic shock machines of a particular purpose have been developed.

Formal instruction by Song for English Learners in SMP IT Darul Hasan while Pandemic Era

This research was examined to help the English teacher in Junior high school especially, while pandemic Covid-19 more dilate over the world. The pandemic that has hit the world in the last 3 years, it gas given much attention from all elements in the world generally, the side of education do need new innovations to keep advancing the target of education, so one of thing teachers do at SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan to overcome the problem have tried carry out formal instruction in achieving good English grammar according to their target and age, namely through songs with grammar elements according to the lesson curriculum in social media flat form. This research have done for treat in 7 class SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan that consist of 25 students randomly. The three classes have a different acquisition in English subject, again which the students in 7d, 7e, and 7f. So, in my conclusion that formal instruction by song in Junior high school SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan has given a positive effect.

Metamaterial-Inspired Flat Beamsteering Antenna for 5G Base Stations at 3.6 GHz.

In this paper, a metamaterial-inspired flat beamsteering antenna for 5G applications is presented. The antenna, designed to operate in the 3.6 GHz at 5G frequency bands, presents an unique flat form factor which allows easy deployment and low visual impact in 5G dense scenarios. The antenna presents a multi-layer structure where a metamaterial inspired transmitarray enables the two-dimensional (2D) beamsteering, and an array of microstrip patch antennas is used as RF source. The use of metamaterials in antenna beamsteering allows the reduction of costly and complex phase-shifter networks by using discrete capacitor diodes to control the transmission phase-shifting and subsequently, the direction of the steering. According to simulations, the proposed antenna presents steering range up to , achievable in both elevation and azimuth planes, independently. To prove the concept, a prototype of the antenna has been built and experimentally characterised inside an anechoic chamber. Although constructed in a different substrate (FR4 substrate) as initially designed, beamsteering ranges up to in azimuth and in elevation, limited to the proposed case-studies, are reported with the prototype, validating the antenna and the usefulness of the proposed design.

Realistic mathematics education (RME) approach for primary school students' reasoning ability

<div><p>Mathematical understanding is shaped from how college students can assemble a that means this is being studied in order that understanding isn't simplest shaped from memorizing mathematical formulas. In this examine, the RME method became verified to permit college students to find mathematical thoughts primarily based totally on contextual problems. The motive of this examine became to decide the impact of the RME method on college students' reasoning competencies on the flat form area. A quantitative method became decided on to chatter the type of pre-experimental studies with one institution pretest-posttest design. The populace of this examine became the fourth-grade college students of SD Muhammadiyah 3 Assalam Malang with a complete of sixteen college students. The pattern taken became the entire of the populace the usage of a chance sampling technique. Data series used for this examine blanketed checks and documentation. The outcomes of this examine were received from the T-Test via the SPSS model 17 that confirmed the cost in the Sig. (2-tailed) the desk of 0.one hundred fifty wherein the cost became > 0.05 in order that H1 became accepted. Analysis of the check supplied via a graph additionally indicated that the RME method had a considerable impact on college students' reasoning competencies. This became evidenced through the outcomes of the common pretest rating of 79.38 even as the common posttest rating of 84.38 became projected. Therefore, the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) method had a considerable impact on college students' reasoning cappotential in grade IV standard School.</p></div>

Flat forms in metric spaces

In a metric space, we define flat forms by means of tuples of Lipschitz functions multiplied by Borel measurable functions, and use them to represent flat cochains. The representation, which extends Wolfe's theorem to metric spaces, is functorial on the category of metric spaces and Lipschitz maps. It provides flat cochains and flat chains with well-behaved cup and cap products. On compact Lipschitz manifolds, the cohomology of flat cochains is naturally isomorphic to the Čech cohomology with real coefficients — a version of De Rham's theorem.

A Study on the Capstone Design Model to Practice Presentation Tasks Based on the Online Flat Form - A Method of Applying for the Foreign Students of Academic Purpose -

본 연구는 학문목적 유학생들이 온라인 플랫폼을 이용하여 자기조절학습으로 실행하는 학문목적 발표 과제실행연습과정을 캡스톤 디자인 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 국내 대학에 재학 중인 30명의 학문적 목적유학생을 대상으로 이들이 인식하는 학문목적 발표에 관한 경험과 선호하는 발표 과제실행에 관한 인식을 조사하였고, 이어서 ‘자기조절학습’ 이론과 ‘경험언어학습’ 이론을 참고하여 온라인 플랫폼 기반의 발표 과제실행을 위한모형을 캡스톤 디자인하였다. 그 다음 학문목적 유학생들을 대상으로 본 연구를 통해 구성된 모형이 실행되는 과정을 온라인 플랫폼(Zoom)을 이용하여 관찰하는 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 학문목적 유학생들에게 필요한 발표 과제실행 연습 방법을 ‘자기조절학습’에 초점을 맞추어 연습 방법을 모형으로 구성 하였다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별성이 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구는 많은 유학생들을 대상으로 실제적인 교육 효과를 검증하는 연구를 진행하지는 못 한 점은 한계로 남지만, 향후 후속 연구를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 모형을 보완해 나갈 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 모형이 향후 외국인 유학생들의 발표 연습을 위한 연습 도구로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Gap resonance from linear to quartic wave excitation and the structure of nonlinear transfer functions

Resonant response of water waves in a narrow gap, with the interaction of multiple highly resonant modes, is an interesting hydrodynamic phenomenon with practical applications. Gap resonances between two identical fixed rectangular boxes are experimentally investigated for unidirectional waves with broadside incidence. We show that gap resonances can be driven through both linear wave excitation and nonlinear processes, i.e. frequency doubling, tripling and quadrupling – apparently new observations. It is striking that the time histories of the gap resonances excited through different nonlinear interactions are remarkably similar to each other. It seems likely that the nonlinear sum-frequency transfer functions for gap resonances depend strongly on the output frequency sum of the interacting linear components, but only weakly on the frequency difference. In terms of their structure in multiple frequency space (at second order the bi-frequency plane for two components), these transfer functions must then have a near-flat form in the direction(s) perpendicular to the leading diagonal. This is supported by our potential flow calculations of the quadratic transfer functions (QTFs). It is therefore convenient to approximate the QTF matrix as ‘flat’ in the direction perpendicular to the leading diagonal. This approximation is justified through experimental data that includes viscous damping. It is too complex, if not impossible, to calculate the full cubic or quartic transfer functions as direct evidence. However, the experimental analysis does provide some support for the near-flat structure being applicable to transfer functions above second order. The flat form approximation greatly reduces lengthy calculations of the high-order transfer functions.