Flat Form Research Articles

Morphological Research of Incisor Root Resorption After Camouflaged Orthodontic Treatment of Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion

<i>Objective</i>: CBCT and Mimics software were performed to investigate the incisor root resorption after camouflaged orthodontic treatment of adult skeletal class III malocclusion. <i>Methods</i>: Thirty permanent dentition adult patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were included in orthodontic department. CBCT data of each patient at pretreatment and posttreatment were acquired and three-dimensional (3D) digital models were reconstructed. Image registration was performed of each incisor 3D model before and after camouflaged treatment. Observation, classification and statistics of 3D model overlap were performed, as well as the morphological changes of root resorption were described. <i>Results:</i> (1) Either the upper or lower incisors, slope form resorption had the most percentage (49.17%, 46.67%; 51.67%, 49.16%), followed by cone-shaped form resorption, and flat form resorption had the less percentage. In the upper incisors, the root resorption was mainly in the lingual-labial direction (46.67%, 41.67%), while in the lower incisors, it was in the labial-lingual direction. (2) The result of Kappa consistency test is good (K=0.471, 0.441). <i>Conclusions</i>: The root of the upper and lower incisors showed various morphological changes after camouflaged treatment of adult skeletal class III malocclusion. The absorption was mainly manifested as slope form and cone-shaped form, and flat form resorption can be seen. 3D model registration can be used as a reliable auxiliary method for the morphological study of root absorption.

Leafwise flat forms on Inoue-Bombieri surfaces

We prove that every Gauduchon metric on an Inoue-Bombieri surface admits a strongly leafwise flat form in its ∂∂‾-class. Using this result, we deduce uniform convergence of the normalized Chern-Ricci flow starting at any Gauduchon metric on all Inoue-Bombieri surfaces. We also show that the convergence is smooth with bounded curvature for initial metrics in the ∂∂‾-class of the Tricerri/Vaisman metric.

Multi-element metasurface system for imaging in the near-infrared

Metasurfaces are optically thin 2D arrays of subwavelength scatterers that modify scalar and vector properties of incident electromagnetic fields. Metasurface lenses are of particular interest for imaging applications for their flat form factor, compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes, and potential for correcting aberrations with a small number of elements. We advance this capability by realizing a millimeter-diameter, polarization-independent metalens triplet system with chromatic aberration correction over the wavelength range of 1.30–1.60 μm and monochromatic aberration correction enabling a field of view of 50°.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGGAJIAN PADA BUILDING MANAGEMENTAPARTEMENT GRAND CENTERPOINT BEKASI

Payroll is very meaningful for companies or agencies so we need a system that facilitates payroll activities. Apartment Grand Centerpoint operates in the service sector in the form of flats, experiencing problems in processing employee attendance data due to the processing of attendance book data as a manual system, resulting in operational errors and irregularities in calculating and paying salaries. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a payroll system to facilitate accounting &amp; finance in payroll in companies with system features&#x0D; such as managing attendance data, managing employee data along with their positions, managing payroll data, managing payroll report data, journal reports, and employee payslips.

Impact of the Swimming Practice on the Postural Balance among Tunisian Athletes

Our Study aims were to test the impact of swimming practice on the development of postural stability among Tunisian Athletes. The analyses deal with the impact of the practice of swimming on the postural balance. They clarify the various constraints that influence the control mechanisms involved in maintaining the balance in the resort standing. Our study addresses 20 same age category male subjects (senior) returned in: an experimental group (10 swimmers, belonging to the Tunisian national team) and a control (no sports group 10). For this study we used the Neurocom version 8.0.2 system: scale Master® consisting of a flat form of force connected to a string of data to measure the speed of oscillation of the center of pressure in strong support bipedal, eyes open on ground. The results obtained showed no direct effect of the swimming practice on postural stability of Tunisian athletes. In fact swimming poses the need to evolve in an environment different from that in which any subject has built his balance, his motor skills of every day, the latter two are insured through the muscles; so balance follows the permanent integration of information transmitted by three receiving systems: Visual, proprioceptive and vestibular.

Experimental and numerical investigations on buffer performance of geofoam subjected by the impact of falling rocks with respect to different shapes

Geofoam with good buffer performance and low density is proposed to replace part of the sand, forming a composite cushion to resist rockfall impact. On the other hand, falling rock is usually variable and irregular in shape. In this study, laboratory tests and numerical research are conducted to study the buffer performance of geofoam, as well as the effect of the rock shape. When the rock shape changes from the flat form to the cone form, more time is needed to undergo the impact process and the maximum impact force decreases. Thicker geofoam is advantageous for reducing the impact force. However, the decrease degree is affected by the rock shape. Both the geofoam thickness and the rock shape have an obvious effect on the maximum deformation and the vertical stress in the geofoam. Thicker geofoam can amplify the influence of the rock shape on the stress in the beam. Accordingly, in the design of an effective composite cushion in a rock-shed, the geofoam thickness necessarily requires appropriate determination to meet both the buffer performance and the cushion deformation. Furthermore, the rock shape plays a crucial role in evaluating the buffer performance of the composite cushion.

The Evolution of the Corrosion Mechanism of Structural Steel Exposed to the Urban Industrial Atmosphere for Seven Years

The corrosion mechanism and characteristics of steel in typical atmospheric environments directly affect the rationality of corrosion protection methods. This study investigates the corrosion evolution law of Q235 steel that has been exposed to the urban industrial atmosphere for seven years. The mass loss is used for corrosion dynamics analysis. The rust layers have been characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Finally, the corrosion mechanism was analyzed through a combination of electrochemical methods, corrosion kinetics, and rust layer characteristics. The mass loss results indicate that a two-stage corrosion power function law can still effectively describe the corrosion rate of a seven-year exposure that complies with the power function law. The short-term corrosion results fail to fully reflect the corrosion performance of Q235 steel. The typical morphological structures of γ-FeOOH and α-FeOOH are identified, and the rust layers change from a loose and flat form to a granular and, finally, compact into a smooth surface. The crystalline phases of the rust layers include α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3. Corrosion products in the initial period are mainly γ-FeOOH, followed by α-FeOOH, and a small amount of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3. With the increase in exposure time, α-FeOOH and Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 in the rust layer increase. SO2 and Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 are the primary factors accelerating steel corrosion. During the first three years of atmospheric corrosion, the primary corrosion mechanism was governed by the acid cycle reaction mechanism. However, from the fifth year of atmospheric corrosion, oxygen-absorbing corrosion began to gradually dominate, specifically oxygen-absorbing corrosion.

시각장애아의 리터러시 향상을 위한 디멘션 확장의 3D프린팅 명화감상 교구 개발 및 적용 효과

The dimension-expanded 3D printing art appreciation teaching aid developed in this study is a 3D printer that layers famous paintings that have been unable to appreciate touch due to their flat shape in the order of “background, sub-topic, and subject.” In other words, unlike the method of putting famous paintings on a single layer, it was organized to facilitate understanding of the concept of dimension by separating people, objects, and spaces for each layer. As a result of applying it to two blind schools over a total of three years from 2020 to 2022, students with starting disabilities can understand that famous paintings, which have been composed in a flat form, were produced through the principle of stacking and accumulation. This understanding of masterpiece production made it possible to have an interest in the artist and the times at the time, confirming that this parish could be used as a literacy cultivation tool for blind children to understand the world. In particular, the developed teaching aids and textbooks were evaluated to be able to meet the timeliness and necessity in the special education field as they were provided as auxiliary media for educational programs based on demand.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Penggajian Pada Building Managementapartement Grand Centerpoint Bekasi

Payroll is very meaningful for companies or agencies so we need a system that facilitates payroll activities. Apartment Grand Centerpoint operates in the service sector in the form of flats, experiencing problems in processing employee attendance data due to the processing of attendance book data as a manual system, resulting in operational errors and irregularities in calculating and paying salaries. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a payroll system to facilitate accounting &amp; finance in payroll in companies with system features such as managing attendance data, managing employee data along with their positions, managing payroll data, managing payroll report data, journal reports, and employee payslips.

Distinct features of the host-parasite interactions between nonadherent and adherent Trichomonas vaginalis isolates.

Cytoadherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) was previously shown to involve surface lipoglycans and several reputed adhesins on the parasite. Herein, we report some new observations on the host-parasite interactions of adherent versus nonadherent T. vaginalis isolates to hVECs. The binding of the TH17 adherent isolate to hVECs exhibited an initial discrete phase followed by an aggregation phase inhibited by lactose. T. vaginalis infection immediately induced surface expression of galectin-1 and -3, with extracellular amounts in the spent medium initially decreasing and then increasing thereafter over the next 60 min. Extracellular galectin-1 and -3 were detected on the parasite surface but only the TH17 adherent isolate could uptake galectin-3 via the lysosomes. Only the adherent isolate could morphologically transform from the round-up flagellate with numerous transient protrusions into a flat amoeboid form on contact with the solid surface. Cytochalasin D challenge revealed that actin organization was essential to parasite morphogenesis and cytoadherence. Real-time microscopy showed that parasite exploring and anchoring on hVECs via the axostyle may be required for initial cytoadherence. Together, the parasite cytoskeleton behaviors may collaborate with cell surface adhesion molecules for cytoadherence. The nonadherent isolate migrated faster than the adherent isolate, with motility transiently increasing in the presence of hVECs. Meanwhile, differential histone acetylation was detected between the two isolates. Also, TH17 without Mycoplasma symbiosis suggests that symbiont might not determine TH17 innate cytoadherence. Our findings regarding distinctive host-parasite interactions of the isolates may provide novel insights into T. vaginalis infection.

Engineering methodology for calculation of corrugated beams for bending and torsion. Flat bend form stability

An engineering design procedure for calculating bending with torsion in corrugated beams, including finding the critical load of general stability, implemented in the commonly used MS Excel spreadsheet and verified in the LIRA-SAPR software package, has been proposed. The method makes it possible to take into account the beams section variability and corrugation parameters, to estimate the loading eccentricity effect, availability of supporting ribs and reinforcements of the compressed chord from the bending plane. Calculation results of particular design solutions for corrugated beams with definition of critical loads at transverse bending are given. Results of test calculation of a bent channel beam with calculation of stress-strain state parameters and its verification with the LIRA-SAP software package are given.

Study of the conditional flexibility effect of compressed chord on the overall stability of corrugated beams

In this paper, the calculation of cut corrugated beams loaded with uniformly distributed load in the plane of the wall, with a wall height of 333 and 500 mm (54 sizes), chord width from 160 to 400 mm and chord thickness from 6 to 30 mm for general stability in accordance with Building Codes (BC) 294.1325800.2017 is made. A geometric criterion has been defined which defines the boundaries of the load-carrying capacity of Russian corrugated beams between the flat bending form stability and the strength of the normal section under the action of the bending moment in the plane of the wall.

Searching bovine papillomavirus presence in lesions seen on teats of cows

The samples were taken from 106 cows with various-looking lesions on their teats and ranged in age from 2 to 8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen (Ag) positive for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found in 59 (55.7%) blood serum samples. PCR using FAP59/64 primers was positive for 24 (22.6%) samples. BPV-2 (40, 37.7%), BPV-6 (28, 26.4%), BPV-8 (30, 28.3%), BPV-9 (36, 34%), BPV-10 (32, 30.3%), and BPV-12 (22, 20.8%) were found in a PCR type-specific analysis of single and mixed type teat warts. The highest positivity was observed in BPV-2, BPV-9 and BPV-10 in flat and round forms, BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, and mixed types in rice grain-cauliflower forms, BPV-9 and mixed types in filiform in the distribution of types based on the macroscopic appearance of teat lesions. As for the distribution of BPV types according to age, the most BPV-2 types were found in the age group of two years, the most BPV-10 types in the age group of three years, the most BPV-9 types in the age group of four years, the most BPV-8+BPV-12 types in the age group of five years, and the most mixed types between the ages of six and eight years. The existence of the virus was then checked using electron microscopy on the chosen samples (at least one investigation was conducted), and it was positively identified using BPV type-specific primers. The authors concluded that BPV detection using an ELISA (Ag) test from blood serum samples was shown to be less sensitive than BPV type-specific PCR from wart samples.

An exploration of ethnomathematics at Sewu Temple in Yogyakarta

This study explores the elements of mathematics (geometry and arithmetic) in Sewu Temple. As the research is qualitatively discussed, ethnographic design is appropriately implemented with observation, interviews, and documentation for collecting data. The data analysis technique shares four steps; collecting, reducing, presenting, and drawing a conclusion—the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are mathematical elements in the shape of the building and the reliefs of Sewu Temple; flat shapes, spatial shapes, geometric transformations, and arithmetic sequences. The existing flat forms include; squares, rectangles, isosceles trapezoids, right trapezoids, circles, triangles, and octagons. Furthermore, blocks, tubes, and rectangular pyramids are included in existing shapes. The geometric transformations are in the form of reflection (mirror), translation (shift), and dilation (multiplication). The results of the ethnomathematical exploration at Sewu Temple can be used as instructional teaching for mathematics in schools, especially in geometry, geometric transformations, and arithmetic sequences.

Landscape ecological risk assessment and driving mechanism of coastal estuarine tidal flats—A case study of the liaohe estuary wetlands

Estuarine tidal flats are located in the land-sea crisscross-sensitive zone. The degraded and shrinking state of major tidal flat landscapes weakens their ecological role in maintaining the safety of coastal wetlands in the world. However, little attention has been paid to tidal flat landscape evolution and ecological risks due to the tidal flats being located in the periphery of estuarine wetlands. This study was conducted in the tidal flats of the Liaohe estuary wetlands. The GIS spatial analysis and a transition matrix were combined to explore the tidal flat landscape evolution characteristics. The ecological risk faced by the tidal flats was evaluated by a landscape ecological risk model constructed by landscape indexes. The key driving factors and threshold values that affect the ecological risks were clarified using geographical detectors and regression analysis methods. The results showed that the tidal flats mainly evolved into a natural wetland before 2000 and rapidly changed into an artificial landscape between 2000 and 2010; the proportion of artificial landscapes then began to decline after 2010. Over the past 30 years, the landscape ecological risk in this area has generally been at a medium risk level. The ecological risk index showed a decreasing trend with the increases in landscape diversity. The low-risk artificial plaques have gradually replaced high-risk and medium-risk plaques of exposed tidal flats and natural wetlands. The study showed that human development activities were the key factors affecting the landscape ecological risks of the tidal flats. River sediment discharge was the key natural factor in maintaining the landscape ecological risk at a stable level. Therefore, the human development activities should be controlled within an appropriate limit, and the material supply of the upstream basin should be guaranteed to maintain the stability of the tidal flat landscape form in the protection and utilization of estuarine tidal flats in the future.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Cacing Sutra (Tubifex sp.) Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti)

ABSTRACNilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) is a freshwater fish native to Indonesia which is greatly appreciated by the public by its eggs and larvae, the morphology of nilem fish has a flat body form, the mouth can be ripped off. The purpose of this study was to determine the best phase of the silk worm (Tubifex sp.) in the growth rate and survival of nilem fish seeds (Osteochilus hasselti). This research took place from November to December 2021. The research was located in Petuguran Village, Punggelan District, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java. The search method used was a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 repeats. Treatments in this study were A (baby silk worms), B (juvenile silk worms) and C (adult silk worms). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by a further Ducan’s Multiple Range Test. Parameters observed in the study included absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed conversion ratio, and survival. The results of these observations had a significant effect on the increase in absolute weight with the highest treatment found in treatment C (adult silk worms) of 1.56 grams and the increase in absolute length had a significant effect with the highest treatment found in treatment C (adult silkworms) of 8.47 centimetres. However, it does not have a significant effect on the feed conversion ratio and the survival of nilem fish seeds (Osteochilus hasselti). Keywords: silkworms (Tubifex sp.), FCR, nilem fish, survival rate, fish growth

Expanding the living liver donor pool in countries having limited deceased donor activity: Pakistani perspective

Over the last decades, liver transplantation (LT) has evolved into a life-saving procedure. Due to limited deceased donor activities in the eastern world, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) had flourished tremendously in most Asian countries. Yet, these LDLT activities fall short of meeting the expected demands. Pakistan, a developing country, bears a major burden of liver diseases. Currently, only few centers offer LDLT services in the country. On the other hand, deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) activities have not started due to social, cultural, and religious beliefs. Various strategies can be adopted successfully to overcome the scarcity of live liver donors (LLDs) and to expand the donor pool, keeping in view donor safety and recipient outcome. These include consideration of LLDs with underlying clinical conditions like G6PD deficiency and Hepatitis B core positivity. Extended donor criteria can also be utilized and relaxation can be made in various donors' parameters including upper age and body mass index after approval from the multidisciplinary board. Also, left lobe grafts, grafts with various anatomical variations, and a low graft-to-recipient ratio can be considered in appropriate situations. ABO-incompatible LT and donor swapping at times may help in expanding the LLDs pool. Similarly, legislation is needed to allow live non-blood-related donors for organ donations. Finally, community education and awareness through various social media flat forms are needed to promote deceased organ donation.

Electromechanical wave systems for mineral extraction

The problems of the development of mineral deposits related to the technologies of extraction, transportation and processing of viscous, gaseous and bulk materials, including in mixed fractions, are analysed. To solve the problem of efficient transport technologies, a combination of electromagnetic effects with a bionic approach based on the use of the principles of motion dynamics of dolphins, fish and amphibians with a wave-like swimming method is proposed. The purpose of the study is to develop a structural, object-oriented mathematical model of a channel-type wave electromechanical converter that provides transportation and processing of minerals in liquid, viscous, gaseous and mixed fractions. It is noted that in this case, the existing methods of development and calculation of traditional electric drives are not suitable since the electromagnetic core must have a different spatial arrangement and have a distributed structure, the configuration of which is individual. The construction of a structural bionic model of an electromechanical system is based on the use of a system of travelling wave equations with fixed ends and the principles of the genetic concept in electromechanics. By directional application of genetic and geometric operators to flat and cylindrical forms of electromagnetic field sources, populations of a flow channel and combined structures connected to the ends of a travelling wave are obtained. An object-oriented mathematical model, methodology and algorithm for calculating a multi-motor electromechanical converter integrated into the design of a transport wave system have been developed. The optimal ratios of copper and steel of the electromagnetic core, the geometric dimensions of the flow channel and the number of switched electromagnetic modules providing energetically efficient generation of a travelling wave in the channel are established. The study's theoretical significance lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in the development of technologies and the design of devices for the transportation and processing of liquid, viscous, gaseous, bulk materials and mixed fractions in the mining industry and in other areas.

Study of the buckling effects on the electrical and optical properties of the group III-Nitride monolayers

We consider electronic and optical properties of group III-Nitride monolayers using first-principle calculations. The group III-Nitride monolayers have flat hexagonal structures with almost zero planar buckling, Δ. By tuning the Δ, the strong σ-σ bond through sp2 hybridization of a flat form of these monolayers can be changed to a stronger σ-π bond through sp3 hybridization. Consequently, the band gaps of the monolayers are tuned due to a dislocation of the s- and p-orbitals towards the Fermi energy. The band gaps decrease with increasing Δ for those flat monolayers, which have a band gap greater than 1.0eV, while no noticeable change or a flat dispersion of the band gap is seen for the flat monolayers, that have a band gap less than 1.0eV. The decreased band gap causes a decrease in the excitation energy, and thus the static dielectric function, refractive index, and the optical conductivity are increased. In contrast, the flat band gap dispersion of few monolayers in the group III-Nitride induces a reduction in the static dielectric function, the refractive index, and the optical conductivity. We therefore confirm that tuning of the planar buckling can be used to control the physical properties of these monolayers, both for an enhancement and a reduction of the optical properties. These results are of interest for the design of optoelectric devices in nanoscale systems.

Determining Factors in the Rusunawa Policy as a Liveable House for Low-Income Communities

Rental flats policy is a government policy in providing decent housing for low income people in the form of simple rental flats. However, problems in the Rental flats policy are still found, such as the limited budget resources and limited human resources. This study aims to analyze and describe factor in the Rental flats policy as a liveable house for low income people. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Collecting data through observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The results of the study show that resources as a determining factor in the Rental flats policy as habitable housing for low income people based on human resources and budgetary resources continue to be pursued by the Department of Housing and Settlements Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of Sidoarjo Regency in providing services to residents of Ngelom Rental flats with the availability of human resources and budgetary resources.